Objective To investigate the parameters of liver tissue in SD rats and beagle dogs and to supply evidence for toxicologic pathological evaluation.Methods Forty SD rats and twenty beagle dogs,male in half,were used for the observation.SD rats were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks and the beagles at the age of 12 months.After complete necropsy examination,all livers were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin solution,embedded in paraffin,sliced at a thickness of 5 ? m and stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The distance of central vein and portal area,and that of central veins in the neighbored lobules were measured by means of an image analyzer Spot Advanced.The difference of the above distance between beagles and rats,and that between male and female were compared.Results The distance of central veins in the neighbored lobules was about 883 ? m in the beagles and about 496 ? m in SD rats,and the distance between lobule center and portal area was about 511 ? m in beagle dogs and about 410 ? m in SD rats.There was no difference between the male and the female.Conclusion The distance of central veins in the neighbored lobules in beagle dogs is longer than that in SD rats,so does the distance between lobule center and portal area.The sex of the animal has no influnce on the size of the lobules.

Fed with high-fat diet and assessed by hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique, rat models with insulin resistance were successfully induced. Compared with normal chow group ( NC ), serum concentrations of free-fatty acids(FFAs) and baseline insulin in high-fat diet group(HF) was higher( P＜0.05 ), the average glucose infusion rate from 60 to 120 min( GIR60-120 ) was lower( P＜0.01 ), and the expression of p-IRE-lα in the liver was higher( P＜0.05 ). Furthermore, the expression of p-IRE-1α in the liver was positvely correlated with the serum concentration of FFAs. All these data indicate that high-fat diet may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver by elevating serum concentration of FFAs, and may participate in the genesis of insulin resistance via p-IRE-1α.

Objective To investigate the effect of HbA1c meeting the standard or not on microalbuminuria,blood lipids and liver enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 457 subjects who had type 2 diabetes.They were divided into substandard group and standard group according to HbA1c result.The general information and relevant laboratory indicators of patients were.collected and compared between two groups.Results The microalbuminuria,serum triglyceride and liver enzymes (glutamyl transpeptidase,alkaline phosphatase,aspertate aminotransferase) were significantly different between two groups [ (189.8 ± 235.3) mg/dl vs (38.9 ± 85.5) mg/dl,(2.64 ± 2.99) mmol/L vs (2.02 ± 1.50)mmol/L,(41.7 ±52.9)U/L vs (29.7 ±24.9)U/L,(83.6 ±28.6) U/L vs (74.3 ±25.8)U/L,(26.7 ±19.1)U/L vs (22.0 ±10.5) U/L,P ＜0.05].HbA1c level was positively correlated with microalbuminuria,glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (r =0.209,0.115,0.11,P ＜0.01).The microalbuminuria was an independent risk factor of affecting HbA1c to reach the standard (OR = 1.009,P ＜0.05).Conclusions HbA1c meeting the standard or not can influence many factors except blood glucose.

Objective To explore the classification of ultrasound images of hepatic parenchyma of schistosomiasis japonica. Methods A total of 2 918 hepatic photographs were selected and classified . All the photographs came from the former research project, which had B ultrasonography examination for residents from three medium endemic villages adjacent to the Dongting Lake,such as Huarong, Hanshou, Lixian, and for advanced schistosomiasis patients in Xiangyue hospital. Results For these hepatic parenchyma images there were five types, including normal echogenic dots (91 photographs), widened echogenic dots (1 757 photographs), echogenic paths(121 photographs), e-chogenic strips (467 photographs) and echogenic bands (482 photographs), etc. , and eight patterns, including nomal echogenic dots (91 photographs), widened echogenic dots (1 757 photographs), echogenic slices (59 photographs), echogenic patches (62 photographs), fine strips (323 photographs), coarse strips (144 photographs), narrow reticular(280 photographs) and wide reticular (202 photographs). Conclusion B ultrasonic images of the liver of schistosomiasis japonica can be classified into five types and eight patterns.