Some enzyme inhibitors derived from the ocean were described briefly in this review.

Objective To observe the changes of pre-and post-operative body fats of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy which were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and investigate the correlation of the changes between body fat and insulin resistance.Methods The cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 10 obese patients who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from October 2015 to February 2017 were collected.Ten obese patients received laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).The pre-and post-operative body fat masses in the different parts and regions of the whole body [whole body,upper limbs,lower limbs,trunk,region of android (region A) and region of gynoid (region G)] were measured by DEXA and pre-and post-operative indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.Observation indicators:(1) fat parameters evaluated by DEXA and test results of other obesity related indicators;(2) test results of insulin sensitivity index.The patients were followed up by the professional team of metabolic surgery using telephone interview,outpatient and inpatient examinations up to February 2017,and DEXA using outpatient and inpatient examinations was performed at 6 months postoperatively.The measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x ±s,and repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.The correlation analysis was performed by the Pearson,and the degree of correlation was analyzed by the factor analysis and multiple linear regression.Results (1) Fat parameters evaluated by DEXA and test results of other obesity related indicators:all the 10 patients were followed up.The fat masses and percentages of the whole body,upper limbs,lower limbs,trunk,region A and region G,BMI,waist circumference and HOMA-IR were respectively (55.6± 13.7) kg,(6.2± 1.9) kg,(17.8± 3.6) kg,(31.7± 12.7) kg,(5.6±2.4)kg,(8.8±1.5)kg,50％±3％,54％±5％,50％±4％,52％±3％,57％±4％,52％±4％,(42± 8) kg/m2,(123±23) cm,8.7 ± 5.6 before operation and (37.4± 11.3) kg,(4.0± 1.2) kg,(11.2± 3.0) kg,(20.4±9.6) kg,(3.5± 1.7) kg,(5.1± 1.4) kg,43％±5％,46％±5％,42％±5％,46％±5％,48％±6％,46％ ± 5％,(30 ± 6) kg/m2,(101 ± 20) cm,3.5 ± 2.4 at 6 months postoperatively,with statistically significant differences between pre-and post-operations (F =11.282,6.308,15.789,6.083,7.836,9.027,5.485,7.743,8.620,3.743,4.704,5.421,13.281,14.258,4.465,P＜0.05).The waist-hip ratio and percentage of region A/ percentage of region G (A/G) were 0.94±0.09,1.10±0.09 before operation and 0.93±0.12,1.05±0.13 at 6 months postoperatively,with no statistically significant difference between pre-and post-operations (F=0.324,1.361,P＞0.05).(2) Test results of insulin sensitivity index:there was a positive correlation in the fat masses of the whole body,trunk,region A and region G,BMI,waist circumference and HOMA-IR (r =0.873,0.874,0.894,0.696,0.843,0.816,P＜0.05),and no correlation between the fat masses of the upper and lower limbs and HOMA-IR (r =0.442,0.242,P＞0.05).The principal component of F1 and F2 were constructed by the factor analysis,F1 (trunk for the most) reflected the fat mass of the different parts of the whole body and F2 reflected the fat mass of peripheral limbs,the model of F1 was reasonable (t =5.033,P＜0.05).The contribution rate of the whole body,upper and lower limbs,trunk,region A,region G,BMI and waist circumference were respectively 0.994,0.633,0.487,0.887,0.900,0.897,0.959,0.897 in the F1 and -0.030,0.716,0.829,-0.446,-0.405,0.423,-0.201,-0.283 in the F2,and the whole body fat mass (BFM) made a largest contribution rate for the preoperative HOMA-IR (0.994).There was a positive correlation between decrease of fat mass in region G and improvement of HOMA-IR at 6 months postoperatively (r =0.717,P＜0.05).Conclusion BFM is an important index to evaluate the insulin resistance in female patients,and the decrease of fat mass in the region G is an important factor for the early remission of insulin resistance in female patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

With the increase of obese people around the world,the complications associated with obesity are endangering human health,it has became an important factor affecting the quality of life and increasing social and economic burdens.Rouxen-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective surgical tool for the treatment of obesity and metabolic-related complications,meanwhile,it can also improve or cure the obesity-related metabolic diseases with reducing the body mass of patients.Free fat mass (FFM) is the main component of the human body and plays an important role in metabolic surgery for the prevention of bone loss,control of weight and alleviation of insulin resistance and so on.The loss of body mass is one of the manifestations of the changes in body composition and distribution after RYGB,and its performance is common after metabolic surgery.This article will summary the findings and investigate the reason of decreased FFM after RYGB and the preventive strategy for different reasons,and it will also provide to the principle of individualized management of patients and guide the clinical practice.

Objective To study the function of immunocytes in synovial fluid and the mechanisms of immune function disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The synovial fluid of 20 patients with RA and 10 healthy amputees because of traumatism in the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang university were collected in this syudy.Monoclonal antibodies against CD28,CD154(CD40L),CD80,CD86,CD40,CD69,CD25,HLA-DR,CD71 were used for flow cytometry and the expressions of costimulatory molecule CD28,CD154,CD80,CD86,CD40 on immunocytes and lymphocyte activation markers CD69,CD25,HLA-DR,CD71 in synovial fliud were studied in these patients.We also used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to detect the cytokines level of Th1 cell including interleukine 2(IL-2),interferon-gamma(IFN-?) and those of Th2 cell including interleukine 6(IL-6),interleukine 10(IL-10) in the synovial fliud.Results Compared with control group,the expressions of CD80[(2.09?0.59)%vs(0.67?0.57)%,P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of thoracoabdominal mini-incision surgery for the treatment of gastric cardia cancer. Methods Radical resection of gastric cardia cancer was performed on 60 patients from January 2002 to January 2007. Thoracoabdominal mini-incision was used in 30 cases, and posterolateral thoracotomy was carried out in the other 30 patients. The data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results The operations were accomplished without death or severe complications in all the patients. Compared with the posterolateral thoracotomy group, thoracoabdominal mini-incision group had shorter incisions [(12.4?0.7) cm vs (19.2?2.0) cm, t=-17.577, P=0.000], shorter operation time [(207.3?76.1) min vs (260.0?85.6) min, t=-2.519, P=0.015], earlier postoperative ambulation [(2.3?0.5)d vs (3.4?0.5) d, t=-8.521, P=0.000], less thoracic drainage [(276.7?58.7) ml vs (308.7?59.5) ml, t=-2.097, P=0.040], less analgesic (pethidine) requirement [(66.7?27.3) mg vs (113.3?45.4) mg, t=-4.818, P=0.000], shorter duration of oxygen use [(3.8?2.0) d vs (5.1?2.6) d, t=-2.171, P=0.034], and higher arterial oxygen saturation[(97.6?2.7)% vs (96.1?2.7)%,t=2.152,P=0.036]. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the number of dissected thoracic lymph nodes (1.87?0.43 vs 1.93?0.37, t=-0.579, P=0.565), number of dissected celiac lymph nodes (4.00?0.45 vs 3.97?0.49, t=0.247, P=0.806), postoperative hospital stay [(11.8?1.0) d vs (12.0?1.2) d, t=-0.701, P=0.486), pulmonary infection (2 vs 5, ?2=0.647, P=0.421), atrial fibrillation (2 vs 4, ?2=0.185, P=0.667) and positive surgical margins (0 vs 1, ?2=0.000, P=1.000). The two groups were followed up for (36.3?13.9) months and (36.3?16.5) months, respectively (t=0.024, P=0.981), no significant difference was detected between them in the 1- and 3-year survival cases (19 vs 22, ?2=0.487, P=0.485; and 10 vs 12, ?2=0.194, P=0.660) and chest pain (2 vs 3, ?2=0.000, P=1.000) during the period. Conclusions By using a thoracoabdominal mini-incision, gastric cardia cancer can be resected completely with less trauma. The approach is ideal for clinical application.

0.05). Sixteen patients in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group were followed up for a mean of 42.9 months (20-88 months), during which no recurrence was detected. In the minithoracotomy group, 18 patients received an 18-to 71-month follow-up (mean, 41.2 months), none of them had recurrence. Conclusions The outcomes of both the operations are satisfying for middle-aged or elderly patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. However, video-assisted thoracic surgery should be the first choice.

Angiogenesis-related diseases involving EGF include acherosclerotic plaques, haemangioma, angiofibroma, tumor growth and arthritis. EGF may serve as a drug target and its antagonists may have important clinical applications.Peptide phage display libraries have been successfully applied in areas of finding ligands for enzymes, receptors, and many other molecules. A pⅧ-based peptide phage display library was panned with the cytokine EGF and several EGF-binding clones were selected based on ELISA and micropanning assays. The selected EGF-binders from peptide phage display library may be utilized in affinity chromatography in EGF downstream processing and even act as potential antagonists of EGF if their affinity is further improved through secondary library strategy.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum.Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral data.Results Two benzophenanthridine alkaloids,1,3-bis(8-dihydronitidinyl)-acetone(1)and 8-acetonyldihydrofagaridine(2),have been iso-lated from the roots of Z.nitidum.Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds named nitidumtone A and nitidumtone B.

Phage display is a new technology developed in recent years. Random peptides displayed on the filamentous phage surface offer a rich source of molecular diversity in searching for ligands that bind an antibody, receptor and other proteins. The phage display system has been effective in the discovery of various ligands. Potential applications of the peptide library include investigation of the protein protein interactions and discovery of mimetic drug candidates.

To study the effect of chitosan on delayed outward potassium current(IK) in single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig and investigate its antiarrhythmic mechanism from ion channel view. Patch clamp technique with whole-cell configuration. Holding potential was -40mV,commanding potential was -60- + 70mV ,step pulse +10mV,stimulating frequency 1 Hz,duration 300 ms and stimulating interval 6s. The result showed that Chitosan inhibited IK in a dose -dependent manner. Conclusion :Chitosan can inhibite IK in single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig.