Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of the modified surgery for spontaneous rupture of esophagus (SRE) so as to improve treatmeut level.Methods Clinical data and surgical methods of 16 SRE patients including four patients with mid-esophagus ruptures and 12 with lower esophagus ruptures treated between February 1999 and June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients had only one laceration with the gap length of 1.5-5 cm (median 2.5 cm).Eleven patients had rupture into the left breast,two had rupture into the right chest,with no rupture into the chest in three patients.Ten patients suffered from hydropneumothorax and five from subcutaneous emphysema.Thc esophageal mucosas rathcr than muscular layers of all patients were sutured disconnectedly with absorbable thread.Omentum majus were embedded and fixed to muscular layer on the edge of esophagus rupture site.Fundus ventriculi were suspended and fixed to the dome of diaphragm.In the meantime,diaphragmatic hiatus were reconstructed above the esophagus rupture site for lower esophagus ruptures.Results The time from SRE attack to operation ranged from one hour to three days.Eleven patients were repaired within 24 hours of SRE onset and five patients were repaired after 24 hours of SRE onset.All patients got through the perioperative period smoothly and survived the operation with cure rate of 100％.The median hospital stay was 18.5 days.No esophageal narrow or canceration were found during follow-up (range,1-10 years),but two patients suffered from reflux which were relieved significantly after conservative treatment.Conclusion For treatment of SRE,interrupted suture for esophageal mucosal layers,omentum majus embedding instead of esophageal muscular layer suture and simultaneous anti-reflux operations can significantly reduce incidence of complications like esophageal fistula,stenosis and reflux and improve the cure rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of early coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)to the left ventricular wall motion state and the significance of CABG to awake hibernating myocardial in dogs with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The anterior descending coronary of all thirty dogs were ligated into MI model.According to the operation date,the experimental groups included the 1 st week (n =6),the 2nd week (n =4),the 4th week (n =6) and the 6th week (n =6) CABG,and established control group (n =2) for every experimental group.Operators marked hibernate myocardial and determined the room wall motion score by means of dobutamine ultrasound load test (DSE) combining with tissue doppler imaging (DTI)technology before CABG and after eight weeks CABG through thoracotomy surgery for the experimental group and the control group.Every dog was executed and detected the area of MI.Results Four dogs of experimental group and all dogs of control group survived to the end of the study.The change of ventricular room wall motion score in the 1st and the 2nd week CABG was smaller than that in the 4th and the 6th week CABG and MI group(0.03 ±0.06,0.05 ±0.09,0.23 ±0.08,0.27 ±40.06,0.32 ±0.05,P ＜0.05).The change of room wall motion score in all CABG groups was smaller than that in MI group(1.195 ±0.09,1.25 ±0.18,1.30 ±0.18,1.36 ±0.11,1.65 ±0.17,P＜0.05).The hibernate myocardial were more awaken in all CABG groups than that in MI group (0.27 ± 0.12,0.22 ± 0.04,0.31 ± 0.09,0.23 ± 0.03,0.03 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.05).The area of MI became smaller in 1 and 2 weeks CABG than that in 4 and 6 weeks CABG and MI group(20.75 ± 2.63,21.25 ± 2.5,27.25 ± 1.71,27.75 ± 2.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early CABG surgery for dogs acute MI could improve the ventricular room wall motion obviously and wake up more hibernate myocardial.Especially,CABG surgery among two weeks could lessen the effect of MI to the ventricular room wall motion and reduce the scope of myocardial infarction maximatily.