Objective:The therapeutical effects of salpingocatheterism and the states of tubal function were studied after different middle ear operations and within different middle ear pathological changes.Method:Total 71 patients with tubal occlusion, 18 of myringoplasty, 20 of reconstruction of ossicolar chain followed tympanoplasty, 14 of combined approach tympanoplasty, 10 of radical mastoidectomy followed tympanoplasty, 9 of re-radical mastoidectomy followed tympanoplasty were implemented salpingocatheterism. The patients were followed up for evaluation of the postoperative therapeutical effects and the state of tubal function. Result:The causes of operation failure in different middle ear operations or different middle ear pathological changes had no significantly difference. The major cause for postoperative tympanic membrane perforation and tubal occlusion was the pathogenic damage being not cleared up thoroughly and/or there being nasal cavity or pharyngeal cavity pathogenic changes accompanied.Conclusion:Salpingocatheterism is effective for preventing eustachian tube postoperative adhesion.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of charitable behavior and life satisfaction in college students.Methods:Totally 194 college students were surveyed by using the prisoner's dilemmatask to assess charitable behavior tendency,the donating experiment to assess the actual donation money and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)for life satisfaction.The partial correlation analysis and linear regression were used to explore the re-lationship of charitable behavior tendency,donation and life satisfaction.Results:There was significant positive cor-relation between charitable behavior tendency and SWLS scores (r =0.22,P <0.05).The scores of actual donation were significantly and positively correlated with SWLS scores (r =0.19,P <0.05).The scores of life satisfaction of college students were positively associated with both scores of charitable behavior tendency(β=0.21,P <0.05) and donation (β=0.19,P <0.05 ).Conclusion:It suggests that individuals with higher fife satisfaction may be likely to do charitable behavior.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of breakthrough varicella-zoster virus infection during the varicella outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2013-2014. Methods Samples of the varicella-zoster liquid were collected from patients with chickenpox in Minhang District in 2013-2014 and used for the extraction of genomic DNA. The open reading frame ( ORF) of 22 and 62 regions were se-quenced and further analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. Results A total of 24 samples were success-fully collected and sequenced, and all of them were wild strains. Among the 24 varicella-zoster virus strains, 23 strains were highly homologous to the parental strain ( P-Oka) and the vaccine strain ( V-Oka) , indica-ting that they belonged to J genotype. Only one strain, whose genotype was between M and E, was highly ho-mologous to the mosaic( M) CA123 strain ( M1 genotype) , indicating that it might belong to M1 genotype. Conclusion The epidemic strains of varicella-zoster virus in Minhang District were mainly J genotype. Lo-cal epidemic of M and other genotypes of varicella-zoster virus also existed. There were some gene variations in different strains of J genotype. These varicella-zoster virus strains of non-vaccine genotypes might be one of the reasons causing the breakthrough cases of chicken pox.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal poly-saccharide vaccine on the clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly over 60 years old in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods A prospective cohort study was conduct, in which the sample size was 1 200 for both inoculated and uninoculated groups. This study followed the two groups of subjects every quarter for a year. Clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases as well as the acute onset of chronic respiratory diseases were compared between the subjects of the two groups. Results Compared with the uninoculated group, less people in the inoculated group developed the clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RR=0. 894, 95% CI: 0. 804-0. 994). Immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine protected 57. 7% of the senior citizens (≥75 years old) from respiratory tract infections(95% CI:0. 207-0. 775). Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly aged 60 years old and over and protects the elderly aged 75 years old and over from respiratory tract infections. Further studies on the immunological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be carried out by measuring the antibody titers before and after vaccination.

BACKGROUND:During ordinary plate fixation, the soft tissues around the fracture of the proximal humerus are nearly stripped to impact blood supply, and moreover, an ordinary steel plate cannot meet with the fixed requirements for severe osteoporosis, large bone defects and comminuted fractures. OBJECTIVE: To observe the functional recovery and complications in middle-aged patients with proximal humeral fractures undergoing stainless steel locking plate implantation. METHODS:From March 2011 to March 2014, 48 patients with proximal humeral fractures were treated in the 306th RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 48 patients were folowed up for 6-17 years, and the mean healing time was (15.3±1.2) weeks. At the last folow-up, the Neer scores were excelent in 12 cases, good in 22 cases, fair in 11 cases and poor in 3 cases, with an excelent-good rate of 71%. After internal fixation, there was one case of Hospital of PLA, including 20 males and 28 females, with an average age of 58 years. Of the 48 cases, there were 9 cases of Neer 2 fractures, 26 cases of Neer 3 fractures, and 13 cases of Neer 4 cases, al of which belonged to closed injuries. Al the patients were subject to locking plate implantation for repair of fractures of the proximal humerus, and evaluated based on Neer scores. soft tissue infection, two cases of traumatic arthritis, and no bone ununion and osteomyelitis. These findings suggest that the stainless steel locking plate implantation for repair of fractures of the proximal humerus can achieve a good anatomic reduction under minimaly invasive conditions and produce a stable rehabilitation environment for the soft tissue around the shoulder joint by internal fixation. Hence, the factures can recover faster with less complications. The stainless steel locking plate implantation can obtain good achievements in the repair of proximal humeral fractures of Neer 2, 3 as wel as Neer 4 in young patients with good bone quality.

Objective To measure the titers of varicella live attenuated vaccines ( VarV) during the process of transportation and storage in different seasons and communities of Minhang Distract, Shang-hai, to evaluate the operation of cold chain system and the thermal stability of vaccines and to provide refer-ences for the management, introduction, research and development of vaccine in future.Methods Four communities with high outbreak rates of varicella during 2012 to 2013 and four communities with low out-break rates were randomly selected from 13 communities in Minhang District, Shanghai.The titers of VarVs were detected by using the quantitative plaque assay before and after 30 days of storage in November 2013 and February, May, August 2014.Results The overall rate of qualified VarVs was 90.63% with a geo-metric mean titer (GMT) of 3.67 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).96.88%of the VarVs produced by company C met the quality standard with a GMT of 3.89 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) followed by those produced by company B with a rate of 91.67%and a GMT of 3.75 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) .The rate of qualified VarVs produced by company A was the lowest, which was 80.00%, with GMT of 3.29 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).There were significant differences in the rates of qualified VarV among the three companies (χ2=8.288, P=0.016).The rate of qualified vac-cines in communities close to the Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( Minhang CDC) was 91.67%, while 100%of the vaccine samples collected form the communities at a middling dis-tance from or far from the Minhang CDC met the quality standard.No significant difference in the rate of qualified vaccine was found among the three types of communities (χ2=3.441, P=0.179).The quarterly rates of qualified vaccines produced by B and C companies were 100%except for the third quarter.The rates of qualified vaccines produced by A, B and C companies in the third quarter were respectively 70.00%, 66.67%and 87.50%.No statistical differences in the quarterly rates of qualified vaccines were found among the three companies (χ2=1.25, P=0.7412;χ2=6.545, P=0.088; χ2=6.194, P=0.103).No statistical differences in the rates of qualified vaccines before and after 30 days of storage were found among the three companies (χ2=0.625, P=0.347;χ2=0.000, P=1.000;χ2=2.065, P=0.492).Conclusion A well-managed and-operated cold chain system was implemented in Minhang District in the storage and transport of vaccines as well as other related links.The thermal stability of vaccines produced by company C was better than those of the other two companies.A surveillance for the titers of vaccines produced by com-pany A should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ditching for drain on the control of the breed of Oncomelania hupensis snails in beaches of Dongting Lake. Methods From November,2009 to November,2012,an O. hupensis snail infested beach of the Yueyang jail and an O. hupensis snail infested beach of Junshan District were selected as research fields in the eastern Dongting Lake area,and the former,as the intervention field,was performed with the ditching for drain by excavators and the latter,as the control field,was not. Results Before the project implemented,the average soil moisture contents on the beaches in dry seasons of the two fields were both about 35.56%. After the project implemented,in the intervention field,the average soil mois?ture content was 26.53%which was significantly lower than that(35.56%)in the control field(F=6.53,P<0.05). The under?ground water levels in different heights in the intervention field were lower than those in the control field (χ2 = 33.33,P <0.05). Before the project implemented,the natural death rates of the snails were 0.98%and 0.89%in the two research fields re?spectively(P>0.05),and after the project implemented(in 2012),no adult and young snails were found in the interventional field,but in the control field,the average densities of living snails and young snails were 29.37 snails/0.1 m2 and 213±108.45 snails/0.1 m2 respectively. Conclusion The intervention of ditching for drain can decrease the soil moisture contents quickly and change the ecological condition,therefore,can control the breed of O. hupensis snails in the beaches of Dongting Lake.

OBJECTIVESTo survey on the vaccination of varicella live attenuated vaccine among 4-17 children in Minhang District, and analyze the protective effect against varicella.

METHODSWe collected outbreak chickenpox cases reported from infectious disease report system and surveillance units in Minhang district from 1st May in 2012 to 30th Apr in 2013. The 1: 3 matched case-control study was conducted to questionnaire the legal guardian of the cases and control group, and calculate the protective effect and effective term of protection. The survey included vaccination, chickenpox exposure history, previous history of varicella illness, suffering from the symptoms of chickenpox, the vaccinations brand, etc. The criteria of accepted case were those healthy students who were in the same class with those chickenpox cases. The accepted matched controlling data were those children who were from the same class with outbreak chickenpox cases without varicelliform eruption, similar live condition, the closest house, the same gender, the closest age. This study investigated 390 cases of patients and the control group included 1 170 cases. Chi-square test was used to compare the vaccination of cases and controls, as well as the incidence of chickenpox vaccination different brands VarV, Mantel-Haenzel chi-square test was applied to compare the protective effect of the two groups.

RESULTSVarV overall vaccination rate was 68.3% (1 065/1 560), among them, the case group coverage was 45.1% (176/390), significantly lower than the control group (76.0% (889/1 170)) (χ² = 128.55, P < 0.01). The coverage in children of 4-10 years old group was 88.4% (375/424), significantly higher than the 11-17 years old group (60.7% (690/1 136)) (χ² = 109.40, P < 0.01). The overall protective effect of VarV was 78.10% (71.82%-82.98%).Vaccinated group incidence ratio was 16.5% (176/1 065), significantly lower than the unvaccinated group (43.2% (214/495)) (χ² = 128.55, P < 0.01). The chickenpox risk of the children who were vaccinated was lower than those who were not, and the OR (95%CI) was 0.22(0.17-0.28) . Proportion of the fever and the typical symptoms of varicella zoster were 26.1% (46/176), 8.0% (14/176) in the children vaccinated VarV, significantly lower than children without VarV vaccination history (54.7% (117/214) , 18.2% (39/214) ) (χ² values were 32.33 and 8.67, respectively. P values both <0.01). The varicella incidence was 17.4% (139/797) in children vaccinated domestic VarV, and it was 13.8% (37/268) in the group of imported VarV (χ² = 1.92, P = 0.184) . The average duration of effective protection period for domestic and imported VarV was (6.2 ± 2.7), (6.3 ± 3.4) years (F = 2.24, P = 0.136).

CONCLUSIONSThe risk of varicella incidence and the proportion of fever or typical varicella zoster were lower in the one dose of VarV vaccinated; Effective protective effect was consistent in the children with domestic or imported VarV vaccination.

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Chickenpox ; Chickenpox Vaccine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Incidence ; Risk ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated

MEK is a canonical effector of mutant KRAS; however, MEK inhibitors fail to yield satisfactory clinical outcomes in KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we identified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) induction as a profound metabolic alteration to confer KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistance to the clinical MEK inhibitor trametinib. Metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation were markedly enhanced and coordinately powered the OXPHOS system in resistant cells after trametinib treatment, satisfying their energy demand and protecting them from apoptosis. As molecular events in this process, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPTIA), two rate-limiting enzymes that control the metabolic flux of pyruvate and palmitic acid to mitochondrial respiration were activated through phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation. Importantly, the co-administration of trametinib and IACS-010759, a clinical mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that blocks OXPHOS, significantly impeded tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Overall, our findings reveal that MEK inhibitor therapy creates a metabolic vulnerability in the mitochondria and further develop an effective combinatorial strategy to circumvent MEK inhibitors resistance in KRAS-driven NSCLC.