Ketoconazole is one of the broad-spectrum oral antimycotic agents recently developed from imidazole derivatives. Authors performed multicenter trials to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ketoconazole in superficial fungal diseases. One hundred and eighty-four patients with superficial fungaI diseases were included in this study during 7 months from April to October, 1983 Patiets were treated with oral administration of 200 mg of ketoconazole(Nizoral) once a day for 4 weeks.-countinue-
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Ketoconazole*

In vitro release and fungicidal effect of Ketoconazol from different ointment base at 2% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass cellophane membrane was as follow: Emulel > PEG ointments > emulsified ointment > carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel. The bank order of the fungicidal effect in vitro was as follow: emulgel and emulsified ointment > hydrophilic ointment
Ketoconazole ; Imidazoles ; therapeutics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Neonatal Malassezia pustulosis can be defined as pustules on face and neck, age at onset, younger than 1 month, isolation of Malassezia by direct microscopy in pustular material, elimination of other causes of neonatal pustuloses, and response to topical ketoconazole therapy. We report a case of neonatal Malassezia pustulosis in a 20-day-old male. Direct microscopic examination on smears for pustules showed forms of Malassezia yeasts and culture yielded Malassezia sympodialis. The lesions were remarkably improved by topical ketoconazole cream for 14 days.
Humans ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia* ; Male ; Microscopy ; Neck ; Yeasts

In vitro sensitivity of T. mentagrophytes against antifungal agents was investigated. The 20 strains of T. mentagrophytes were tested. They were 5 strains of granilar form, 5 of powdery form, 5 of persicolor form, and 5 of downy for m. The tested antifungal agents were griseofulvin, ket,oconazole and it,raconazole. The results were as follows : 1. Minimal inhibitory concintration(MIC) of antifungal agents against, T. mentagrophytes : MIC of griseofulvin was 3.13-25 ug/ml, the highest level, that of ketoconazole was 0.05-12 ug/ml, and that of itraconazole was 0.025 6.25 ug/ml, the lowest one. 2. MIC of antifungal agents against T. mentagrophytes strains. MlC of griseofulvin was 12-25 ug/ml on granular form and 3.13-25 ug/ml on the other forms. MIC of ketoconazole was 0.39-12 ug/ml on granular form, 0,05 0.78 ug/ml on powdery form, 0.05 12 ug/ml on persicolor form, and 0.1-12 ug/ml on downy form. MIC of itraconazole was 0.39-6.25 ug/ml on granular form, 0.05-0.39 ug/ml on powdevy form, 0.025-0.05 ug/ml on persicolor form, and 0.05-0.1 ug/ml on downy form. Granular form showed the highest level of MIC among antifungal agents. These findings suggesed that, itraconazole was the most arctive drug against T. mentagrophytes and the pranular form showed the lowest, sensirivity against antifungal agents.
Antifungal Agents* ; Griseofulvin ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole ; Trichophyton*

In this study, we present the results obtained in an in vitro dissolution test and in vivo bioavailability study of some ketoconazol preparations (Ketoconazol – Traphaco, Vietnam and Nizoral – Janssen, Belgium). Rabbit plasma ketoconazol concentrations were measured by reverse phase HPLC, UV detection at 244 nm. Ketoconazol percentage released from the preparations was automatically measured using a paddle type dissolution tester with a Beckman spectrophotometer. The obtained results showed that there was no remarkable difference in bioavailability and dissolution between the two preparations (Ketoconazol – Traphaco and Nizoral - Janssen)
Ketoconazole ; Imidazoles ; tablets ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered ketoconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis. Thirteen patients with onychomycoiis were selected for this study. For evaluation of ketoconazole efficacy twelve patients received a 200 mg tablet of ketoconazole daily and one patient received a. 10() mg tablet of ketoconazole daily. All patients were studied monthly clinically and mycologically by KOH mount and culture on Sabourauds medium. The results were as follows: 1. Seven(53.8%) of thirteen cases achieved remission, marked improvement occurred in three cases(23.1%) and moderate improvement occurred in three cases (23. 1 %). 2. The mean duration of remission or clinical improvement was 5 months for all lesions and toenail lesions(5. 4 months) took longer to heal than finger nail lesions (4 months). 3. One hundred percent of patient who previously failed to respond to griseofulvin were cured or clinically improved by ketoconazole. 4. Two patients cornplained of indigestion and one of headache. In our study, ketoconazole was highly effective in the treatment of onychomycosis.
Dyspepsia ; Fingers ; Griseofulvin ; Headache ; Humans ; Ketoconazole* ; Nails ; Onychomycosis*

Various susceptibility tests have been used to determine minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of dermatophytes. They have limitations to apply practically because they need long time to determine MiC. Authors examined MIC of T. rubrum to ketoconazole and itraconazole using 96- well microplate and 24-well macroplate by method of Granade and Artis and tried to check the possibility of this method on clinical application. Nine strains of T. rubrum from patients with dermatophytosis were used. Evaluations of the factors affecting MIC were also tried. The results as follows. 1. Effect of inoculation density on determination time and MIC: Determination of MIC were possible in 4th days after inoculation at higher inoculation density (aborbance 2.0, 1.0) compared to 6th days at lower inoculation density (absorbance 0.5, 0.25). 2. Effect of incubation temperature on MIC: When incubating at 37℃, MIC were below 0.006-0.04µg/ml to ketoconazole and below 0.006-0.04µg/ml to itraconazole while at 25℃ 0.08-5.68µ8/ml to ketoconazole and 0.006-0.71µg/ml to itraconazole. Significant reduction of MIC was observed at 37℃ compared to 25℃. 3. Effect of container size on determination time and MIC: When incubating in 96–well microplate and 24-well macroplate, determination of MIC was possible in 4th to 6th days after inoculation in broth-containig 96-well microplate compared to 8th to 12th days in broth-containing 24-well macroplate. But no difference in MIC was observed between different container size. 4. Effect of media on MIC: When using broth as media, MIC were below 0.006-5.68µg/ml to ketoconazole, below 0.006-0.36µg/ml to itraconazole in broth-containg 24-well macroplate. When using agar as media, MIC were below 0.006-5.68 µg/ml to ketoconazole, below 0.006-5.68 µg/ ml to itraconazole in agar-containing 24-well macroplate. 5. These findings confirm that determination of MIC of dermatophtes by method of Granade and Artis is fast and simple technique for antifungal susceptibility test.
Agar ; Arthrodermataceae ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole ; Methods* ; Tinea ; Trichophyton*

The treatment of choice for Cushing's disease is surgical removal of tumor, the source of ACTH overproduction. In occasional patients in whom a surgical approach including total adrenalectomy is not feasible or surgical removal of tumor is not complete, medical treatment may be necessary because pituitary irradiation requires a long 1ag time to remission. Although ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative with inhibitory activity on adrenal steroidogenesis has been reported to be effective in the treatment of Cushing's disease, the limited effectiveness in lowering very high level of cortisol and occasional hepatotoxicity restrains its wide use. In this report, we describe a woman with Cushing's disease due to pituitary microadenoma. Transsphenoidal pituitary adenomeetomy followed by ketoconzole treatment had been unsuccessful in achieving remission of the disease, but combined treatment with ketoconazole and octreotide accomplished successful reduction in cortisol production.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Ketoconazole* ; Octreotide* ; Pituitary Irradiation

A 2-month-old male patient visited with recurrent erythematous papules and pustules on face and neck that had developed 20 days after birth. Direct microscopic examination on smears for pustules showed forms of yeasts and culture yielded Malassezia sympodialis. Applying topical 2% ketoconazole cream for 15 days showed marked clinical improvement. We report this case of neonatal Malassezia pustulosis which be would probably improperly termed as neonatal acne with the review of literature.
Acne Vulgaris ; Humans ; Infant ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia* ; Male ; Neck ; Parturition ; Yeasts

The present study was designed to obtain omparative data on in vitro antifungal activities of imidazole derivatives. Minimum inhibitory oncentrations of clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, ketoconazlole and griseofulvin on 4 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 3 strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 2 strains of Microsporum canis and ] strain of Sporothriv: schenckii were etermined after 3 week' incubation at room temperature on Sabouraud's dextrose liquid media. In addition, the fungicidal activities of miconazole and econazole were tested against Z'richophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis, using the techniques described by Vanbreuseghern(1967) The results are summarzed as follows: ] In most of the dermatophytes studied, 1 to 10 pg/ml of M1C were detected. Diverse susceptibility pattern was observed among different fungal species, but no or minor variability was noted within the same species. The susceptibility of Z'ri- chophyton rubrum showed at MIC of 0. 01 to 10 pg/ml, T ichophyton mentagro- phyt.es and Mic osporum canis at 0.1 to 10 pg/ml and 0. 1 to 1000 gg/ml respec- tively. The Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive. In the susceptibility test of Sporothrix schenckii, the high resistance to clotrimazole and griseofuhin was observed. The fungistatic activities of miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were observed only at concentrations higher than JpQ pg/ml.
Arthrodermataceae ; Clotrimazole ; Econazole ; Glucose ; Griseofulvin ; Ketoconazole ; Miconazole ; Microsporum ; Sporothrix ; Trichophyton