T cells are divided into two subsets,αβΤandγδT cells, according to the T-cell recep-tor ( TCR) expressed. γδT cells are a small minority of T cells and in contrast to αβΤ cells, they do not seem to require antigen processing and major-histocompatibility-complex ( MHC ) presentation of peptide epitopes. This group of T cells is usually much less common than αβT cells, but plays an important role in anti-infection, anti-tumor and immunoregulation. This review summarizes the production, development, dis-tribution, genetic characteristics, antigen recognition characteristics, biological and immunological functions of γδT cells as well as their unique roles and mechanisms in bacterial infectious diseases.

[Objective]To observe the bone repairing efficacy of large segmental femur defects in rabbits with calcium phosphate cement(CPC)combined with bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)and massive bone allograft,which may benefit the clinical application of large segmental bone allograft transplantation.[Method]Fifty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups and a 2 cm femur defect was created on one side of each rabbit,followed by implantation with:CPC combined with BMP and massive bone allograft(Group A),bone allograft only(Group B)and autograft transplantation(Group C).Intramedullary nails with a 3 mm diameter fixed all the grafts transplanted.The bone defect repair efficacy was evaluated by radiology and histology exam at 4,8 and 12 weeks after operation.[Result]The bone reparation capacities of allograft with CPC/BMP complex was better than that of the allograft alone after 4 ~8 weeks of transplantation,which were similar to the result of autograft transplantation.Complete bone union was achieved for all the groups after 12 weeks of operation,with better bone remodeling for group A and group C transplantation.The healing process of CPC/BMP combined with allograft transplantation was featured with large amount of bone callus forming surrounding the graft-host bone union area and the surface of allograft,which composd the extra cortical bone bridge and ingrowth(EBBI).Bone invasion,resorption as well as new bone genesis were seen in the surface of bone allograft at early stage,companied by expansion of Haversians canal,with more lanner cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and blood cells inside the allograft.CPC was slowly biodegraded with the bone graft resorption and new bone regeneration.[Conclusion]CPC combined with BMP can improve the bone reparation and substitution process in massive bone allograft transplantation for the treatment of large segmental bone defects.

AIM:To establish the method for determining oridonin and rosemarinic acid in Donglingcao Tablets(Rabdosia rubescens(Hemsl.) Hara). METHODS:Oridonin and rosemarinic acid were determined by HPLC simultaneously with changing ultraviolet-visible wavelength.Chromatographic condition was composed of ODS-C_(18) column,methanol-03.% phosphoric acid (40∶60),UV detection wavelength of oridonin at 238 nm and of rosemarinic acid at 329 nm. RESULTS:The average recoveries were 97.8% and 96.7% and related standard deviations(RSD) were 1.9% and 2.3%. CONCLUSION:This method can be used to determine simultaneousely oridonin and rosemarinic acid in Donglingcao Tablets.

Respiration is one of the most important modulators of heart rate variability(HRV). The modulation mechanism of respiration on HRV were introduced. The effects of respiratory rate, respiratory volume and respiratory patterns on HRV were discussed, and these effects on HRV in patients were also referred. These respiratory effects should be taken into account when HRV is used to predict cardiac vulnerability.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of reperfusion arrhythmias (RA) in patients with ST segment el‐evation myocardial infarction(STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods A total of 148 STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were selected and divided into the RA group (71 cases) and non‐RA group (NRA group ,77 cases) according to whether RA occurring during PCI .The RA situation was observed . The relation between the infarct related artery and RA was analyzed ,the fall back situation of elevated ST segment was observed , the levels of cardiac troponin I (TnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK‐MB) and echocardiographic findings were compared between the two groups .Results The incidence rate of bradyarrhythmias in the left anterior descending coronary artery was signifi‐cantly lower than that in the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery ,while tachyarrhythmias in the left anterior descending coronary artery was higher than that in right coronary artery and left circumflex artery ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The opening time window and CK‐MB peak reaching time in the RA group were earlier than those in the NRA group , the fall amplitude of ST segment ,highest TnI and highest CK‐MB level in the RA group were higher tha those in the NRA group , the differences were statistically significant (P< 0 .05);among 48 cases of tachyarrhythmias ,tachyarrhythmia in 17 cases disap‐peared after intravenous drip or injection of lidocaine and which in 31 cases spontaneously disappeared without treatment ;among 23 cases of bradyarrhythmia ,bradyarrhythmia in 16 cases was controlled by intravenous injection of atropine ,which in 3 cases was con‐trolled within 1 week after placing temporary pacemaker and which in 4 cases was spontaneously disappeared without treatment . The incidence rate of main adverse events in the RA group was 2 .8% ,which was lower than 11 .7% in the NRA group ,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the RA group was significantly higher than that in the NRA group ,the end diastolic diameter and end systolic diameter of the left ventricle were significantly lower than those in the NRA group ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The incidence of RA in the patients with STEMI is higher ,which needs to adopt various effec‐tive methods to actively treat .

Objective To explore the method and the clinical effects of surgical treatment for severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom. Methods 96 patients with severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom were scored by GOS before surgery. Then unilateral or bilateral craniotomy was carried out,via a large flap incision in the site of frontotemporal and parietal hair,and the blood clots within the surgical fieldand the inactivation brain tissue having been fell off were removed, and the contusion lesions of brain bottom were exposed, and the inactivation brain tissue was cleared. If the brain injury was serious ,the removal of frontal pole and temporal pole should be proper. Discretion to The removing or replacing the bone flap should be based on consideration of the circumstances. Six nonths or one year after injury,96 patients were scored by GOS again. Results There were 17 cases of grade Ⅰ(17.71%) ,11 cases of gradeⅡ (11.46%),13 cases of gradeⅢ (13.54%),21 cases of grade Ⅳ(21.86%),34 cases of grade Ⅴ (35.42%) in 96 patients. Conclusion Early surgical treatment of severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom could improve the cure rate and reduce the rate of disability.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of agkistrodon hemocoagulase on coagulation function in pa?tients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods In this prospective,randomized controlled trial,80 eligible patients accepted valve replacement were assigned to control group (n=20) and agkistrodon hemoco?agulase groups (H1, H2, H3) according to the different timing of administration. Twenty patients were given treatment 20 minutes before anesthesia induction (H1 group), 20 patients were given treatment 20 minutes after CBP (H2 group) and 20 patients were given treatment after CBP (H3 group). Coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplas?tin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib) and platelet (PLT) were detected 20 minutes before surgery (T0), immedi?ately after surgery (T1) and 24 hours after surgery(T2). Data of 24-h postoperative drainage of mediastinal and pericardial, dura?tion of mechanical ventilation, stay time of intensive care unit (ICU), the actual days of hospitalization and hospital costs were recorded. The clinical parameters were also recorded including blood transfusion after surgery, secondary thoracotomy, aller?gies, liver and kidney dysfunction, deep vein thrombosis and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Results Compared with control group, values of PT, APTT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly lower in H1, H2 and H3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with T0, values of PT, APTT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly higher in all groups of patients (P<0.05). Values of PT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly decreased in H3 group than those of H1 group (P<0.05). The pericardial and mediastinal drainage, the duration of ventilation support within 24-h after surgery were significantly lower in H1, H2 and H3 groups than those of control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups. Conclusion Agkis?trodon hemocoagulase is safe and effective in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass.

In order to identify host factors which interact with the movement protein (MP) of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), ACLSV MP was cloned into the bait vector pGBKT7 and used to screen a cDNA library of Malus sylvestris cv. R12740-7A, which had previously been constructed by yeast two-hybrid sequencing transformation. The protein functions of the identified host factors were determined according to their gene annotations in GenBank. The result showed that the bait plasmid pGBKT7-MP showed no virulence or self-activating effect on yeast strain Y2H Gold. Sixty-nine interactor proteins were identified, which were divided into the following 10 classes according to their described functions: hydrolases; pathogenesis-related proteins; DNA binding proteins; phosphatases; ligases; proteins with catalytic activity; phenylalanine ammonialyases; peroxidases; NAD binding proteins; and proteins of unknown function. Bioinformatic analysis of gene homology suggested that phosphatases, pathogenesis-related proteins and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A may play an important role in the interaction between virus and host. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the further study of viral pathogenesis and virus-host interaction mechanisms.
Flexiviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Malus ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; virology ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Viral Movement Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Background and Purpose:It has been proved that CD117 may be used as an immunology marker for diagnosis of leukemia of myeloid origin.The relationship between CD117 expression and effect of chemotherapy on the patients with Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia(ANLL) remains unclear.This study is to investigate the relationship between CD117 expression and the response of patients with ANLL to chemotherapy.Methods:Flow cytometery(FCM) was used to detect the positive rate and the levels of CD117 expression of the bone marrow mononuclear cell(BMMNC) from 38 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and 81 patients with ANLL,respectively.All-trans Retinoic Acid(ATRA) was taken to treat M_(3) type of ANLL and protocol DA and/or HA was used to treat the other types.ANLL was divided into two groups: positive(+) and negative(-) expression of CD117.At the same time we compared the difference of rates of complete remission(CR) between CD117(+) and CD117(-) groups from ANLL after chemotherapy.Results:Positive percentage of expression of CD117 in ALL and ANLL groups were 13% and 70% respectively(P=0.000).Positive levels of CD117 decreased successively as follows: M_(3)/ M_(1)、M_(2)/ M_(6) / M_(4)、M_(5).CR rates of CD117(+) and CD117(-) groups of ANLL after chemotherapy were 51%(29/57) and 67%(16/24)(P=0.192),respectively.Conclusions:CD117 may serve as an immunology marker for the diagnosis of ANLL,but positive or negative expression of CD117 in ANLL was not associated with the response of the patients with ANLL to chemotherapy.

Objective: This study was aimed to explore antitumor responses induced by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a point mutant p53 (rVV-p53FL) and enhancive effects of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing costimulatory molecule B7 (rVV-B7). Methods: A 135 Cys to Tyr point mutant p53 protein was used as the model of tumor associated antigen. rVV-of3FL and rVV-B7 were used as vaccines to test their induction of CTLs and antitumor immunity. Results: Immunization BABL/c mice with rVV-p53FL could elicited specific CD8+ CTLs that could effecively lyse P815-mp53 cells, a transfectant of the murine P815 mastocytoma containing the mutant p53 gene. Treatment with rVV-p53FL could survive a part of mice challenged with 1 ? 106 P815-mp53. Treatment with rVV-p53FL could significantly prolong survival of tumor-bearing force. Admixture at 1: 1 ratio of rVV-p53FL and rVV-B7 could enhance therapeutic antitumor effects of rVV-p53FL. ~Conclusion: Mutant P53 over-expressed in tumor cells can render cells targets for specific CTLs generated by immunization with mutant p53 protein based vaccine. Costimulatory molecule H7 can enhance tumor-associated antigen inducing antitumor responses.