BACKGROUND: Craniofacial hard tissue structures vary in age, gender, regional and racial differences. Some researchers have conducted X-ray cephalometric measures of malocclusion deformity in some domestic cities, and obtained normal cephalometric measures of craniofacial hard tissue structure. However, little data have been available concerning cephalometric measures of craniofacial hard tissue structure of Tibetan youth in Tibet region. OBJECTIVE: To observe structural features of craniofacial hard tissue of permanent tooth occlusal period in the adolescent of Lhasa. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Stratified cluster sampling survey was performed at Naqu, Tibet from June to August 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 200 adolescents at permanent tooth occlusal period, 100 males and 100 females aged 11-14 years were selected from middle and primary schools of Lhasa in 2003. The inclusion criteria included: teeth in order, neutral occlusal adjustment, normal maxilla and mandible appearance and relationship, normal teeth number and overbite and overjet, concordant face, and no history of orthodontic management. METHODS: According to the requirements and standards for the irradiation, 200 subjects underwent X-ray cephalometric measures, and the results were compared with normal values of the same age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, 1-SA angle, 1-NA angle, 1-NA, T-MP angle, Y axial angle, NP-FH angle, NA-PA angle, 1-T angle, MP-SN angle, Po-NB, T-NB angle, T-NB, and MP-FH angle. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between Lhasa adolescents and normal values in terms of SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, 1-SN angle, 1-NA angle, 1-NA, T-MP angle, Y axial angle, NP-FH, NA-PA, 1-T, and MP-SN. Po-NB was slightly greater than normal value and T-NB angle, T-NB and MP-FH were significantly less than normal values. CONCLUSION: Lhasa adolescents have significantly different craniofacial hard tissue structure from normal values: forward protrusion of mental region, flat mandible angle, straight mandible anterior teeth, upward and forward rotated mandible, and straight face type.

BACKGROUND:Craniofacial hard tissue structures vary in age,gender,regional and racial differences.Some researchers have conducted X-ray cephalometric measures of malocclusion deformity in some domestic cities,and obtained normal cephalometric measures of craniofacial hard tissue structure.However,little data have been available concerning cephalometric measures of craniofacial hard tissue structure of Tibetan youth in Tibet region.OBJECTIVE:To observe structural features of craniofacial hard tissue of permanent tooth occlusal period in the adolescent of Lhasa.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Stratified cluster sampling survey was performed at Naqu,Tibet from June to August 2008.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 200 adolescents at permanent tooth occlusal period,100 males and 100 females aged 11-14 years were selected from middle and primary schools of Lhasa in 2003.The inclusion criteria included:teeth in order,neutral occlusal adjustment,normal maxilla and mandible appearance and relationship,normal teeth number and overbite and overjet,concordant face,and no history of orthodontic management.METHODS:According to the requirements and standards for the irradiation,200 subjects underwent X-ray cephalometric measures,and the results were compared with normal values of the same age.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:SNA angle,SNB angle,ANB angle,1-SA angle,1-NA angle,1-NA,?-MP angle,Y axial angle,NP-FH angle,NA-PA angle,1-? angle,MP-SN angle,Po-NB,?-NB angle,?-NB,and MP-FH angle.RESULTS:No significant differences were found between Lhasa adolescents and normal values in terms of SNA angle,SNB angle,ANB angle,1-SN angle,1-NA angle,1-NA,?-MP angle,Y axial angle,NP-FH,NA-PA,1-?,and MP-SN.Po-NB was slightly greater than normal value and ?-NB angle,?-NB and MP-FH were significantly less than normal values.CONCLUSION:Lhasa adolescents have significantly different craniofacial hard tissue structure from normal values:forward protrusion of mental region,flat mandible angle,straight mandible anterior teeth,upward and forward rotated mandible,and straight face type.

Objective To investigate the association between the systolic/diastolic orthostatic hypotension (OH-S/OH-D) and myoeardial infarction (MI) in the elderly.Methods Health screening physical examination were carried in 1081 subjects without MI aged over 65 years in Guangzhou Military region.The orthostatic blood pressure and heart rate were measured in supine position after resting for more than 5 minutes and at 0 and 2 minutes after standing.All the cases were divided into systolic or diastolic group on the basis of definition of orthostatic hypotension and followed up by telephone or inpatient medical records with mean period of 315.8 days.The primary endpoint was MI occurrence.Results The prevalence of OH in this cohort was 24.5％ ( OH-S/OH-D:19.3％/17.2％ ).Significant differences in the occurrence of OH and OH-S were found in the elderly and the very elderly subjects( ≥80 years) (26.1％ vs 20.1％,P=0.045; 21.0％ vs 14.6％,P =0.018),while no difference was found in OH-D.The prevalence of MI in the OH positive subjects was significantly higher than that in the OH negative subjects,as well as in OH-S or OH-D group.After adjustment of age,supine blood pressure,creatinine and cerebrovascular history by logistic regression,the association was observed between MI and OH ( HR 15.635,95 ％ CI 3.299-74.091,P=0.001),OH-S(HR 8.760,95％CI2.487-30.851,P=0.001)and OH-D(HR 3.889,95％ CI 1.097-13.790,P =0.035 ).Conclusion OH-S and OH-D hypotension are robust predictors for MI in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that some casting alloy can inhibit the activity of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, which can be used for inducing apoptosis of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Au and pure Ti ceramic alloys on the expression of P70S6k by HGFs in vitro.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Grouping controlled experiments with the expression of P70s6k by HGFs in each group as observation objects. Experiments were performed at the Institute of Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, Technology Building of Liaoning Medical University from July to October 2009.MATERIALS: Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Au and pure Ti ceramic alloys were processed by Shenzhen Mecodent Dental Laboratory Co., Ltd. The gingival from gingival neck of the first premolar (which goes to be extracted due to the need of orthodontic treatment) of teenager who was15 years old without any clinical disease was obtained, followed by the primary culture of HGFs. The fifth passage of cells in logarithmic phase were used to measure indexes.METHODS: Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Au and pure Ti ceramic alloys were incubated in DMEM to prepare alloy leaching liquor, which were then added in HGF medium at 10% concentration. DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum was used in negative controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of P70S6k in each group was measured by Western Blotting following 72 hours of intervention with alloy leaching liquor.RESULTS: Western-blot results showed that there was no significant difference in the average gray value of P70S6k expression in Au, pure Ti ceramic alloys and control groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between Au ceramic alloys and pure Ti ceramic alloys groups or between Ni-Cr ceramic alloys and Co-Cr ceramic alloys groups. (P > 0.05), but Ni-Cr ceramic alloys group or Co-Cr ceramic alloys group showed significant difference compared with the Au, pure Ti ceramic alloys and control groups (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Au ceramic alloys and pure Ti ceramic alloys show that they have no obvious effect on the proliferation activity of HGFs. Ni-Cr and Co-Cr ceramic alloys showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation activity of HGFs.

Objective To investigate whether the proliferation of HepG2 ceils is influenced by interfering BC047440 gene with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmid. Methods According to the sequence of BC047440 gene, 2 pairs of BC047440 gene-specific shRNA (shRNA1 and shRNA2) were designed and synthesized. After primer annealing, they were inserted into plasmid pGenesil-1 to construct the shRNA expression plasmids. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells. The expression of BC047440 gene was detected by quantitative fluorescent PCR, the proliferation of HepG2 cells by MTT assay and the changes of cell cycle by flow cytometry. Results Two shRNA expression plasmids were constructed successfully and were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. Quantitative fluorescent PCR analysis showed that shRNA1 and shRNA2 could specifically inhibit the expression of BC047440 gene in HepG2 cells, with the inhibition rate of 80.22% and 58.63%, respectively. The shRNA effectively inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and arrested the cell cycle in S phase. Conclusions The shRNA significantly inhibits the expression of BC047440 gene and the proliferation of HepG2 cells. The expression of BC047440 may be correlated with the proliferation of HepG2 cells.

Objective To study the therapeutic of anastomotic leakage in post-esophagogastrectomy. Meth-ods There were 18 cases of anastomotic leakage in 127 cases with cancer of the thoracic esophagus who underwent esophagectomy were retrospectively studied. There were ten cases had anastomotic leakage of 67 cases of esophagogas-trectomy from 1995 to 2001 (first phase),the intestines nutrition sustain treatment taked rice water,fish soup and broth, there were eight cases had anastomotic leakage of 60 cases of esophagogastrectomy from 2002 to 2007 (second phase) ,the intestines nutrition sustain treatment taked supportan,fresubin. Results There were six cases death of 10 cases of anastomotic leakage at first phase, and there was any not death in the second phase. Conclusion When anastomotic leakage of esophagogastreetomy,it can elevate the cure rate with early diagncsis and treatment and intes-tines nutrition sustain treatment choose by supportan or fresubin.

Objective To approach the surgical timing for the conjoined twins, location of the separation line for the joined liver, and the separation method.Methods The common bile ducts of the conjoined twins were considered as two vertical lines, and a vertical line running parallel to the two lines was set as the separation line for the joined liver.Local blood flow blocking method was then used to separate the joined liver.Results Among all the three cases of the conjoined twins, one case was with sternoxiphopagus and the other two with thoracoabdominalpagus.All the three cases of con-joined twins shared the common livers, but each case had respectively separated gallbladders and bile ducts.They underwent the surgical separation at the age of 28 d and 96 d and 89 d successfully.Their liver sections bled rarely by blocking the local blood flow.The liver function recovered successfully af-ter the operation.All the 6 sick children recovered and were discharged from our hospital.Conclusion Porvided the conjoined twins shared the joined liver with respectively separated common bile ducts, in most cases, the injuries of the important liver vascular as well as bile ducts could be avoided when the separation line for the joined liver was selected with the common bile ducts of the conjoined twins as the longitudinal coordinate.The local blood flow blocking method only blocked the local blood flow, in-terfering to the liver blood flow in the non-operating areas rarely, which was instrumental in the recovery of the liver function and increase of the survival rate of the conjoined twins after the operation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism that BC047440 gene regulates nuclear fac-tor κB sigal passway and analyze the differential expression gene between HepG2 cells and HepG2 cells BC047440 gene silenced by RNAi using 35K Human Genome Array. Methods The differential expres-sion gene between HepG2 cells and HepG2 cells with BC047440 gene silenced was analyzed by 35K Human Genome Array, and the data were submitted to the database and MAS system of Capitalbio Corporation.Then TRAF6 was confirmed by RT-PCR test. Results Among the total 35000 probe sets, the expression of 59 genes was down-regulated for more than 50% and 130 genes were up-regulated more than 2 fold in the silencing group when compared with normal controls. TRAF6 mRNA was decreased for 29.5% in silicening HepG2 compared with that of wild HepG2 by RT-PCR, which is similar to human genome array(23.06%).Conclusion The high throughput and effective oligomicroarray can analyze the differential expression gene and BC047440 gene might regulate NF-κB signal pathway inderectly by TRAF6.

Objective To investigate the relationship between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and antihypertensive therapy in the elderly hypertensive population.Methods A total of 1174 elderly retired people (849 cases with hypertension and 325 cases without hypertension) in Guangzhou Military Region underwent health physical examination.All people were surveyed by questionnaires.The orthostatic blood pressure and heart rate were measured in supine position after resting for more than 5 minutes and then at 0 and 2 minutes after standing.Comparative analysis was made on the prevalence of OH and the relationship between OH and antihypertensive therapy.Results A significant difference in the prevalence of OH was observed between hypertensive patients and nonhypertensive patients [29.4％ (250/849) vs.15.7％ (51/325),x2 =23.32,P＜0.01].There was no significant difference in the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in patients with versus without antihypertensive therapy [30.5％ (220/721) vs.23.4％ (30/128),x2 =2.62,P＞0.05].Conclusions Orthostatic hypotension is common observed in elderly hypertensive patients.Antihypertensive therapy may not increase the prevalence of OH.

Objective Rho signaling component α-catulin,is a cytoskeletal linker protein and plays an important role in apoptotic and senescence resistance,cytoskeletal reorganization,mobility,invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMt)of cancer cells. Methods Here,we ex-amined α-catulin expression in squamous epithelium,dysplasia and cancer of head and neck on tissue microarrays by immunostaining. Its expres-sion was compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival rate of cancers. Results It was found that α-catulin expression level was signifi-cantly higher in primary cancers than that in normal squamous epithelium and dysplasia(P < 0.05),but not significantly correlated with aggressive behaviors or adverse prognosis of HNSCC patients(P > 0.05). Cox′s proportional hazard model indicated that distant metastasis and tNM staging were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of the patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC,P < 0.05). Conclusion these findings suggested that up-regulated expression of α-catulin protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC,which might be employed as a potential marker for tumorgenesis of HNSCCs.