Videotape feedback reportedly improves communication skills in students learning to conduct medical interviews. We carried out a study of videotape feedback in the undergraduate training program of the department of neuropsychiatry. To evaluate the interviews, we used objective structured clinical examinations and feedback from interviewed patients. The students showed several shortcomings, such as passive investigation into symptoms, past history, family history and explanatory models; poorly expressed empathy; unclear summation; poor explanation about what interviewees should do after the interview; and infrequent use of specific probes and silence skills. Feedback from patients was more favorable than that from instructors. Because our program asking psychiatric patients to participate as interviewees seems to have both advantages and disadvantages, using simulated patients would be helpful for examining the validity of our program.

Xenon beam wide wave-length including ultraviolet, visible and ultrared rays.
What effects are produced for the human body by using xenon beam effective on the removal of the living body pain?
After patients suffering from low back pain were radiated by xenon beam, their finger-floor distances were measured.
It was examined and compared with the results after using micro wave therapy.
As a result, in xenon beam therapy group, the more the number of times of stimulation was, the shorter the finger-floor distances became gradually, and after more than five times of stimulation, shortening of them was apparent (p<0.01).
Moreover it was known that shortening could be kept in xenon beam therapy group.

Xenon photorays are incoherent waves like the sun rays, but it shows a bright line spectrum. Each bright line exhibits a form similar to the laser spectrum waves. The microwaves have been conventionally used to deliver stimulation to the deep tissues. The effects of the xenon photorays and microwaves on the range of motion in scapulohumeral periarthritis were compared.
Our findings indicated that xenon photorays were superior to the conventional microwaves in bringing about improvement of the range of motion in scapulohumeral arthropathy.

Objective: To examine the usefulness of inquiries made by hospital pharmacists.
Methods: This study was conducted a survey about the actual condition of inquiries at 5 hospitals.
Results: The prescriptions subjected to inquiry accounted for 1.5% of the inpatient prescriptions and 0.3% of the injection prescriptions.  In cases of “Incomplete entry in the prescription” for the subcategory of “Question about safety,” drug costs without the impact of pharmaceutical inquiries were calculated on the assumption that the concerned drugs should have been generally prescribed.  Our results showed that the total savings in medical costs were 30,673 yen for the inpatient prescriptions and 159,212 yen for injection prescriptions, which suggested that pharmaceutical inquiries are effective for saving medical costs for either type of prescriptions.  In the case of patients in whom adverse drug reactions (ADRs) might have occurred without prescription changes, medical cost savings realized by preventing ADRs were estimated using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination/Per-Diem Payment System (DPC/PDPS).  Our results showed that the savings were 1,428,710 yen for inpatient prescriptions (6 patients), which indicated that a large amount of medical costs was saved.
Conclusions: Our results suggested that similar to pharmaceutical inquiries made by community pharmacists, those made by hospital pharmacists not only result in the proper delivery of drug therapy but also are useful in terms of medical economics.

Measuring the length of the proportional units (PU) of different truncal parts in males and females and analyzing the relationship between these measurements showed that there was nosignificant gender difference in the length of one cun respectively for the perpendicular proportional units (PPU) of prothorax, epigastrium and flank but there were significant differences in the PPU of the hypogastrium, lateral thorax and hypochondrium and the horizontal proportional unit (HPU) of the back; within the same gender, there was no significant difference in the length ofone cun between the PPU of the prothorax and that of epigastrium and no significant difference betweenthe PPU of the flank and the HPU of the intermammillary region in males but there was a significant difference between PU of other parts.

Measuring the length of the proportional units of the lower limb and analyzing their interrelations showed that between genders there were significant differences in a length of one can of perpendicular proportional unit for various regions of the lower limb; within the same gender, there were different results in comparing the lengths of one of perpendicular proportional unit among various regions of the lower limb.

Introduction : As one of the strategies for the introduction of collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) into a community healthcare system in Japan, we constructed a ‘positive list’ which was agreed by a family physician in advance, and subsequently validated the effects on healthcare insurance fees, the number of prescription question and the changes of utilization rate for generic drugs.
Methods : The items that replaced prescription questions with regard to ex post facto approval were defined as ‘Resolved Questions’ in our constructed positive list. By adopting the ‘Resolved Questions’, we then examined the effect on healthcare insurance fees, prescription questions and the changes of utilization rates for generic drugs.
Results : Among all prescription questions accepted from January through May 2012 inclusive, 178 (22.7%) were ‘Resolved Questions’, without there being change in the therapeutic strategies by the prescribing physicians. During this period, 17,455 healthcare insurance fees were reduced. In addition, the utilization rate for generic drugs were increased up to 46.6%.
Conclusion : The reduction of healthcare insurance fees, prescription questions and the increased utilization rates of generic drugs were facilitated by prudent pharmacist judgements based on ‘Resolved Questions’.

The peak (dPower/dt), the maximum value of dPower/dt calculated by differentiation of ventricular power with respect to time, is verified from the physiological studies to be quite useful index indicating the ventricular contractility independent of the pre- and afterloads. However, the index has the disadvantage in the clinical application that it can not be measured by a non-invasive method. In the present study, peak (dPower/dt) could successfully be determined in a non-invasive manner as the product of aortic flow as measured with an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter and brachial blood pressure as measured with cuff in the new apparatus. Involved in this study were 21 children, 52 adults with normal cardiac performance and 11 adult patients with coronary artery disease. The measurement of the index was successfully carried out in 28 of 61 adults and especially 16 of 21 children. The results of the study are summarized as follows:
1. Power waveform is similar to blood flow waveform and is little influenced by blood pressure waveform.
2, Peak (dPower/dt) can be determined as product of peak rate of change of aortic flow (peak (dF/dt) ) and mean brachial blood pressure without resorting to measurement of blood pressure waveform.
3. Peak (dPower/dt) was found significantly lower in cases having an ejection fraction less than 50% (93.5 J/sec²) than in those showing an ejection fraction of above 50% (145.3 J/sec²) (p<0.001) .
4. Peak (dPower/dt) normalized with body surface area was not significantly different from 8 years old children (80.2 J/sec²/m²) and 21-34 years old adults (88.0 J/sec²/m²) . According to this index, the cardiac contractility of 8 yearus old children seemed to reach the adult level.
From these findings it is concluded that the non-invasive method of determining a cardiologic parameter, peak (dPower/dt), as an index of cardiac contractility provides a means of salient clinical value.

Spinal cord ischemia is a very rare and unpredictable complication in surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. A 65-year-old man who had a history of CABG (LITA-LAD, LITA-Y composite RA-OM) underwent resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Postoperatively, he developed paraplegia and hypoesthesia with associated fecal incontinence. Reduction of collateral flows of patent lumbar arteries probably caused serious ischemia of the spinal cord. A standard infra-renal abdominal aorta surgery still has the risk of postoperative paraplegia, which should be incorporated in the preoperative informed consent.