To test the hypothesis that neutrophils play a role in lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass, granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase release from pulmonary circulation were measured, as well as the respiratory index, before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. The production of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase in the pulmonary circulation, and the respiratory index also elevated significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, the level of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase released from pulmonary circulation correlated with the changes of the respiratory index and preoperative pulmonary artery pressure. These data indicate that neutrophils play a major role in pulmonary dysfunction occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass, which is accentuated in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

To test the hypothesis that neutrophils play a role in ischemia/reperfusion injury during heart surgery, granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase release from coronary circulation were measured before and after aortic cross-clamping. The production of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase across the coronary circulation elevated significantly after release of aortic cross-clamp. Furthermore, the level of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase released from coronary circulation demonstrated positive correlation with the duration of the aortic cross-clamp. These data indicate that neutrophils play a major role in ischemia/reperfusion injury occurring during heart surgery.

In order to get basic data for preventing heat stroke accident during exercise in a hot environment, we analysed the relation between environmental temperature, and drinking and sweating. We also analyed the effect of water intake on body temperature regulation during exercise.
The environmental temperature started to rise in April, reached the maximumin August, and then decreased. Water intake and sweating increased significantly with increase in WBGT, but there was no correlation between weight loss and WBGT. The rise in body temperature during exercise (0.52±0.080°C) was constant and independent of WBGT. The rise in oral temperature during exercise was affected by the water intake and it was significantly higher when water was not supplied than that with water supply (p<0.001) . Sweat rate was significantly greater when water was supplied than when it was not supplied (p<0.01) .
The above results suggest that the amount of water intake increased with the increase in WBGT, which guarantees the increase in sweating and as a result maintenance of constant oral temperature.
Therefore it is suggested that it is better to supply water during exercise to facilitate evaporative heat loss, which prevent rise in oral temperature.