Objective To explore the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats with a single dose by orally administra‐tion of moxifloxacin .Methods Totally 60 rats were equally divided into 10 groups with orally administration moxifloxacin for 50 mg/kg .The lungs ,uterus ,ovaries (tube) ,kidney ,ureter and bladder tissues were collected at different time points (before give med‐icine and after 0 .25 ,0 .50 ,1 .00 ,2 .00 ,3 .00 ,4 .00 ,6 .00 ,8 .00 ,12 .00 ,24 .00 h) .The concentrations of moxifloxacin in tissues were determined by the established HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 .Results The established HPLC methods had good specificities ,and the linear range was between 0 .001 6-50 .000 0μg/mL for tissue sample .T1/2βof moxi‐floxacin were (13 .65 ± 3 .56) ,(12 .64 ± 2 .86) ,(13 .27 ± 3 .51) ,(13 .47 ± 3 .29) ,(14 .78 ± 2 .64) ,(11 .56 ± 1 .58)h in lung ,uterus , ureterine adnexa ,kidney ,ureter and bladder ;Cmax of moxifloxac in various tissues were (15 .61 ± 3 .58) ,(12 .48 ± 4 .57) ,(16 .18 ± 4 .21) ,(12 .65 ± 3 .17) ,(26 .68 ± 7 .42) ,(1 .13 ± 0 .58)μg/mL ;Tmax of moxifloxac in above tissues were (3 .15 ± 1 .24) ,(2 .66 ± 1 .74) ,(2 .97 ± 1 .65) ,(2 .58 ± 1 .36) ,(3 .47 ± 1 .84) ,(2 .46 ± 1 .87)h;AUC0 -t of moxifloxac in above tissues were (87 .2 ± 5 .41) , (70 .89 ± 4 .56) ,(92 .41 ± 7 .65) ,(88 .26 ± 6 .94) ,(170 .59 ± 21 .48) ,(14 .57 ± 5 .47)μg · h-1 · mL -1 .Conclusion Moxifloxacin had a higher concentration in ureterine adnexa and ureter by orally administration with single dose ,and it can maintain for a long time .

OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effects by clinical pharmacist on the use of antibacterials during periopera-tive period of hysteroscopic surgery. METHODS:250 medical records of hysteroscopic surgery were collected from July to Septem-ber in 2014(before intervention)and from October to December in 2014(after intervention). The rationality of antibacterials dur-ing perioperative period was retrospectively analyzed before and after intervention. RESULTS:After intervention by clinical pharma-cists,the antibacterial use density decreased from 47.02 DDDs/(100 persons·day)to 23.30 DDDs/(100 persons·day),and the rate of perioperative use of antibacterial decreased from 82.40% to 57.20%,with significant difference(P<0.01). The rationality of medication indicators for perioperative application of antibacterials for hysteroscope increased from 56.80%to 82.52%;the rational-ity of medication duration increased from 49.51% to 79.02%,with significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacist's intervention is effective and feasible to perioperative application of antibacterials for hysteroscopic surgery. It could ef-fectively promote the rational use of antibacterials.

ObjectiveTo evaluate central compartment lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) patients. MethodsThe clinical data of 166 cN0 PTC patients was retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe central compartment lymph node metastasis rate of age ＜ 45 years group was higher than the group of age≥45 years(39％ vs.22％,P ＜0.05).Tumor size ＞0.5 cm tends to metastasize more often than tumor size ≤0.5 cm(P ＜0.05) ; there was significantly difference in central compartment lymph node metastasis rate between upper pole tumor ( 25％,12/48 ) and middle ( 45％,13/29 ) or lower pole (43％,31/72),P ＜ 0.01. ConclusionscN0 PTC patients with tumor located in middle pole or lower pole,tumor size ＞ 0.5 cm or age ＜ 45 years are at higher risks for central compartment lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of P53and nm23 proteins in cancer tissue of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:There were 57 males and 43 females,ranging in age from 35 to 75 years old.The clinical stages were T1 10,T2 29,T3 56 and T4 5;pathologic classifications were high differentiation in 74,medial and low differentiation in 26;lymph node metastasis in 56,no metastasis in 44.The expressions of P53 and nm23 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical technique.Results:The expressions rates of P53and nm23 proteins were 58.0%(58/100) and 40.0%(40/100) respectively (P＜0.05)in cancer tissue of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.The expressions rates of P53and nm23 were 71.5%(40/56)and 28.6%(16/56)in group of patients with node lymph node metastasis;40.9%(18/44)and 54.5%(24/44) in group of patients with negative metastasis respectively.Conclusion:Lymph node metastasis might be correlated with high level expression of P53 protein and low level expression of nm23 protein in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oncogene Pim-1 has a close relationship with the occurrence and development of several tumours.It is involved in a number of signal transduction pathways and regulates the expression of the downstream biological factors or acts synergistically with other oncogenes.Pim-1 plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of some tumors,and provides a new potential target in the chemotherapy of tumors.Recently,Pim-1-targeting treatment strategy has be a research hotspot and it would be used for cancer clinical treatment hopefully.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the clinical rational application and preventing the adverse reactions of hy-droxyethyl starch(HES). METHODS:The HES application of inpatients in a hospital in Jul. 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, the usage and dosage,indications,and the changes of renal functions and blood coagulation function before and after HES treat-ment were detected,and the application rationality was evaluated. RESULTS:The usage of HES in the hospital was hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 and Sodium chloride injection,which was the second generation of HES. In the 347 patients,295 patients had moni-tored the renal functions before the HES treatment,the result was normal;and 21 patients had monitored the renal functions after HES treatment,the result was normal. Meanwhile,326 patients had monitored the blood coagulation functions before and after HES treatment,the results were normal. HES was not used for the patient of severe sepsis,renal dysfunctions and coagulopathy in this hospital. CONCLUSIONS:The application of HES can induce renal damage and coagulation disorder,so relevant indicators should be closely monitored before and after treatment to prevent the incidence of adverse reactions;further more,clinicians should strictly handle indications,usage and dosage and precautions during the clinical application;in addition,it is suggested to replace the second generation of HES by the third generation,which is more safer.

Objective To explore the clinical value of using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in surgery with various adverse factors for advanced oropharyngeal cancer.Methods 15 patients who presented with advanced oropharyngeal cancer were performed for radical surgery,and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps were applied for immediate reconstruction of surgical defect.In all cases,various adverse factors(advanced age,diabetes,cardiovascular disease,radiation damage,etc.)were existed.The effect of reconstruction was observed.Results All surgeries were successful,and all patients tided over perioperative period.The average time of operation was 5 hours with a range of 4 to 6 hours.The average time cost for flap preparation was 40 minutes with a range of 40 to 55 minutes.The completely survival rate of flaps was 93%.Partial skin necrosis occurred in 1 case(7%);and submandibular fistula occurred in another one(7%).Two patients(13%)developed wound infection.All of them were healed by symptom-atic treatment.Conclusion For the patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer and various adverse factors of sur-gery,pectoralis major myocutaneous flap can be used as salvage measure in reconstruction of surgical defect,which is more secure than free flap.

AIM:To observe the expression of chemokine fractalkine,and its receptor,CX3CR1,in kidneys of lupus-prone BXSB mice,and their changes after treatment with prednisone. The role of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis was also discussed. METHODS:Twelve 12-week-old male BXSB mice were randomly divided into two groups,the prednisone treatment group (BXSB-prednisone group,n=6) and the experimental control group (BXSB group,n=6). Six male C57BL/6J mice at the same weeks of age served as a normal control group (C57BL/6J group). Both the C57BL/6J and the BXSB group of mice received a daily intragastric administration of 0.5 mL normal saline. The BXSB-prednisone group of mice was given a daily intragastric administration of prednisone (0.18 mg/20 g BW) dissolved in 0.5 mL normal saline. All treatments lasted for 10 weeks. The mRNA and protein expressions of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in kidneys of mice were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis respectively. The changes of laboratory index and the kidney histopathology of mice were also investigated. RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expressions of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in kidneys of BXSB mice were significantly higher than those in C57BL/6J mice. The expressions of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in BXSB-prednisone group of mice were much lower than those in BXSB group of mice,accompanied by the lower serum IgG,IgM and anti-dsDNA antibody levels as well as blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and urine protein. The glomerular immune complex deposition and the kidney histopathology were also significantly improved in BXSB-prednisone group of mice. CONCLUSION:These results indicate that fractalkine and CX3CR1 participate in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice,and the effect of glucocorticoids treatment may be attributed,in part,to its ability to inhibit the expression of fractalkine in kidney.

Objective To elucidate the interaction between osteoblast of bone marrow microenvironment and leukemia cells,and to investigate the role of osteoblast in the leukemia cells survival and apoptosis and the influence of leukemia cells on the osteoblast.Methods Leukemia cells from AML1-ETO9a-Rac1 mouse leukemia model and osteoblast cells were used.The ratio of GFP+ leukemia cells that co-cultured with or without osteoblast was detected by FACS.In addition,the apoptosis level of leukemia cells was detected by flow cytometry by PI and Annexin Ⅴ labeling.Activation level of PARP was determined by Western-blot.Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect the mRNA level of TPO,N-cadherin,OPN and Ang1 in osteoblast which was separated from leukemic mice.Results The ratio of GFP+ cells in AE9a-Rac1 leukemia cells co-cultured with osteoblast cell was significantly higher than that of AE9a-Rac1 leukemia cells cultured alone.The apoptotic level of AE9a-Rac 1 leukemia cells cultured alone was significant higher than that of AE9a-Rac 1 leukemia cells in co-culture system.Western blot showed that activated level of PARP in AE9a-Rac1 leukemia cells co-cultured with osteoblast was lower than that cultured alone.RT-PCR result showed that TPO and N-cadherin mRNA levels in primary osteoblast separated from leukemic mice were higher than that from normal mice.Ang1 and OPN mRNA levels of osteoblast from leukemia mice were lower.Conclusion Osteoblast cell can support the survival and inhibit the apoptosis of leukemia cells.Leukemia cells can influence the functions of osteoblast by microenvironment associated cytokines production.

AIM: To investigate homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2(HIPK2) gene expression level and its clinical significance in acute leukemia(AL) patients.METHODS: HIPK2 mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(semi-quantitive RT-PCR) in patients with acute leukemia and healthy donors.The relative transcription level was compared between the study group and the control group.RESULTS: ① The relative expression level of HIPK2 mRNA in AL patients was 0.364?0.286,significantly lower than that in control(1.160?0.272,P0.05).CONCLUSION: AL has significantly lower HIPK2 mRNA expression as compared to normal control,which may be associated with leukemogenesis and/or disease progression of AL.