0.05;q=8.055,P0.05;q=9.163,P

OBJECTIVE:To optimizate base material composition and technology for5F scar emulsion.METHODS:According to the factors that affect the stability of emulsion,orthogonal design method L 9 (3 4 )was used,glyceryl monostearate,triethanolamine,sodium lauryl sulfate and emulsifying temperature were selected as variable factors.RESULTS:The optimum base material composition and technology were glyceryl monostearate6%,sodium lauryl sulfate0%,triethanolamine0.5%,emulsifying temperature80℃.CONCLUSION:The5F scar emulsion prepared by this composition and technology accords with the stipulation of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2000).

Objective To observe the microscopic anatomy structures of petroclival region via the retrosigmoid keyhole approach,then provide an anatomic basis for clinical application.Method Six adult cadaveric heads 6xed by 10% formaldehyde solution were used for simulating the retrosigmoid keyhole approach to observe major microscopic anatomy structures.Results By means of adjusting the microscope,structures such as the ipsilateral trigeminal nerves,cranial nerve,acoustic nerve,posterior nerves,anterior and lateral pons,lateral cerebellar hemisphere,anterior inferior cerebellar artery,vertebral artery,posterior inferior cerebellar artery were exposed via this keyhole approach.Conclusion This retrosigmoid keyhole approach is according with the minimally invasive principle,and represents a reasonable option for accessing the petroclival region.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods : Data pertaining to public health emergencies and their associated data in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021 were retrieved from Emergency Public Health Management Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The type, date of occurrence and places of public health emergencies were descriptively analyzed. Results: Sixty public health emergencies were reported in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, during which 1 527 cases were reported and 52 661 individuals were involved, with an attack rate of 2.90% (95%CI: 2.78%-3.02%). There were 3 Ⅲ-level (5.00%), 13 Ⅳ-level (21.67%) and 44 unclassified public health emergencies (73.33%), and no Ⅰ- or Ⅱ-level emergencies were reported. The reported public health emergencies peaked in January (9), August (6) and December (9), and there were 47 infectious disease emergencies (78.33%), 10 food poisoning emergencies (16.67%) and 3 chemical gas poisoning emergencies (5.00%), respectively. The four most common infectious disease emergencies included other infectious diarrhea (25.53%), COVID-19 (17.02%), influenza (14.89%) and chickenpox (14.89%). School and kindergarten were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (39, 65.00%), and the three most common public health emergencies reported by schools and kindergartens included other infectious diarrhea (28.21%), influenza (17.95%) and chickenpox (17.95%). Conclusions Infectious disease emergencies were predominant public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, and Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies were predominant. Public health emergencies mainly occurred in schools and kindergartens.

BACKGROUND: Having breakfast everyday is a behavior promoting health recommended WHO, while it is easy to be ignored.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the breakfast habits of pupils in Beijing and Shanghai so as to provide a scientific basis for further studying the problems in having breakfast among the pupils, drafting and developing "nutritious breakfast program for students".DESIGN: Stratified and cluster sampling and investigation study were used based on the pupils.SETTING: Institute of health for child of two universities.SUBJECTS: A total of 8688 six to eleven years old Beijing and Shanghai pupils were involved from March 2002 to June 2002. Among them 4692 pupils came from Beijing. There were 4637 valid questionnaires, 2386 of which were from male pupils and 2251 from female pupiIs. Among the total subjects, there were 4300 Shanghai pupils, and 4051 questionnaires were valid, of which 2031 were from the male pupils and 2020 from female students.METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. The content of the questionnaire included the general conditions of the family, dietary preferences, food for breakfast, consumption of the milk food and so on.RESULTS: The results showed that about 25.8% boys and 21.6% girls in Beijing did not eat breakfast regularly; similarly, the percentage was about 11.4% for boys and 13.3% for girls in Shanghai. The reasons for not having breakfast included the following: They had no appetite, or had no enough time for it, or the parents were too busy to prepare in the mornings. For those of them who eat breakfasts, the nutrients of their breakfast usually were not adequate. 55% of the students had their breakfast prepared by their mothers. As for the eating sites, students mainly ate at home; the next was having it on the way to school or eating at the roadside luncheonettes. The cost of breakfast was 2 - 3 yuan. The breakfast behaviors of the pupils were closely related with the behaviors of their mothers( r = 0. 4333, P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that quality of breakfast of the pupils need to be improved. The behaviors of the parents influence their children in breakfast habits.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) against lipopolysac-charide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice and its mechanism. METHODS:Mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group (LPS 15 mg/kg),drug control group (3-MA 20 mg/kg),low-dose and high-dose groups (LPS 15 mg/kg+3-MA 20,40 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group. Except for normal control group and drug control group,other groups were giv-en LPS intraperitoneally to induce acute lung injury model,and drug control group and low-dose and high-dose groups were given equivalent dose of 3-MA intraperitoneally 1 h before modeling. 6 h after modeling,lung wet/drug mass ratio (W/D) was deter-mined respectively,and pathology change of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. TNF-α,NF-κB p65,LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,W/D, TNF-α,NF-κB p65,LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression increased in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,W/D,the expression of TNF-α,NF-κB p65,LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein decreased in low-dose group (P<0.05),white just only LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ protein decreased high-dose group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:In LPS-induced acute lung injury model in mice,the excessive autophagy could activate the NF-κB pathway and involve the inflammatory responses and induce lung cells apoptosis. The moderate autophagy inhibition by 3-MA can ameliorate inflammatory response and protect lung tissue.

Aim To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC7721, HHCC and HepG2. Methods Immunohistochemical staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detect the mRNA and expression of VEGF and its receptors: VEGF-R1(Flt-1) and VEGF-R2 (KDR) in three human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, SMMC7721, HHCC and HepG2, as compared with ECV304 cells(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and L929 cells(mouse fibroblast). Results All three human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines expressed VEGF protein. Flt-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in SMMC7721 cells while KDR in HHCC and HepG2 cells. Conclusion The expressions of Flt-1 and KDR suggests that VEGF may be an autocrine growth factor for human hepatocellular carcinoma, at least for cell lines in vitro.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of soybean isoflavone(SI) on genetic toxicity induced by di-n-butul phthalate(DBP) in mice.Method(1) Micronucleus test:40 male 7 w old Kunming mice were randomized into 4 groups:High and low dose SI intervention groups,DBP model group,and solvent control group.SI intervention groups were given different doses of SI(50,100mg/kg) for 30 d,meanwhile,the DBP group and solvent group were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.Then all groups were treated by 0.5g/kg DBP for 5d except solvent group.Mice were sacrificed 6 hour after last treatment,and then counting micronucleated cells in bone marrow.(2) Sperm malformation test:40 male 6w old Kunming mice were grouped and treated the same as micronucleus test.Mice were sacrificed at 35 day after the first treatment,and then sperm quantity,motility,viability and abnormality rate were calculated.Result Micronucleus rate and sperm abnormality rate of SI intervention group were lower than DBP model group,while sperm motility and viability were higher than DBP model group.Conclusion SI can relieve the genetic toxicity induced by DBP in mice.

Aim To investigate the effect of DHA on NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and explore the possible mechanism via regulating BMP pathway. Methods PC12 cells were treated with 100μg·L-1 NGF and 100 μg·L-1 NGF + 10 μmol· L-1 DHA for 3, 6 and 9 days respectively. The length and number of neurite were detected by immunofluores-cenc. DHA content was analyzed by gas chromatogra-phy in all groups. The protein expression of BMP4, BMP7 , BMPR-II and p-Smad 1/5/8 was determined by Western blot. Results The length of total primary neurite in NGF+DHA groups was obviously increased, longer than that in NGF group; DHA content in 10μmol · L-1 DHA group was higher than that in the control group;NGF+DHA groups also unregulated the protein expression of BMP4 , BMP7 , BMPR-II and p-Smad 1/5/8 . Conclusion DHA promotes NGF-in-duced neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells, which may be associated with the upregulation of BMP path-way protein.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of latent infection of pathogens of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Chinese healthy population and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods : Literature on the latent infection of HFMD was searched in Chinese and English databases,such as CNKI,Wanfang,CBMd,PubMed,Web of Science and ScienceDirect,from January 1,2000 to December 31,2019. The pooled rate and its 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were used to assess the latent infection rate of HFMD pathogens in healthy Chinese population. Results: A total of 442 articles were retrieved,and 31 articles were finally included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The results showed that the latent infection rate of human enteroviruses in healthy Chinese population was 18.8%(95%CI:16.1%-21.6%),and the latent infection rates of EV71,CV-A16 and other HEVs were 3.7%(95%CI:2.5%-4.9%),1.9%(95%CI:1.0%-2.9%) and 15.1%(95%CI:11.9%-18.3%),respectively. The latent infection rates of HEVs in healthy men and women in China were 16.7%(95%CI:12.9%-20.4%) and 14.4%(95%CI:10.8%-18.0%),respectively. The latent infection rates of human enterovirues HEVs in the healthy population aged 0-5 years and over 5 years were 24.4%(95%CI:20.4%-28.5%) and 9.4%(95%CI:6.5%-12.2%),respectively. Meta regression analysis showed that the associated factors for the latent infection rate of HEVs in Chinese healthy population included sampling period,sampling area and study population.Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant change on meta results after the exclusion of individual studies one by one(p>0.05). Begg's tests,Egger's tests and funnel plots all indicated the existence of publication bias. Trim and fill method showed that the recessive infection rate was reduced after adjustment(p<0.05). Conclusions The latent infection rate of HFMD pathogens is high in healthy people in China,and it is mainly caused by other HEVs. Males and children aged under 5 years are at high risk of latent infection of HEVs.