AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with mitomycin ( MMC ) in augmenting trabeculectomy for glaucoma.
METHODS: Databases including PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were electronically searched for all randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) about comparing the efficacy and safety between bevacizumab and MMC in augmenting trabeculectomy for glaucoma before the date of Jun. 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the included studies. Then, Meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS: A total 4 RCT involving 286 eyes ( 143 for bevacizumab group, 143 for MMC group) were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between bevacizumab and MMC in the last follow-up after surgery in IOP (WMD=2. 21, 95%CI: -0.17 to 4.58, P=0.07), complete success rate (OR=0. 69, 95%CI:0. 26 to 1. 81, P=0. 45) and the numbers of anti-glaucoma medicine ( OR= 0. 12, 95%CI: -0. 15 to 0.39,P=0. 39). And there was no significant difference between bevacizumab and MMC in postoperative complications:hypotony (OR=0.7, 95%CI:0.12 to 4.05, P=0.69), bleb leak (OR=1, 95%CI: 0. 21 to 4. 74,P=1), encapsulated bleb (OR=1. 15, 95%CI: 0. 38 to 3. 44, P=0.81), choroidal detachment (OR=1. 22, 95%CI: 0. 29 to 5.22, P=0. 78) and cataract (OR=1. 15, 95%CI: 0. 38 to 3.44, P=0. 81).
CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab and MMC in augmenting trabeculectomy for glaucoma have similar efficacy and safety. Bevacizumab can't result in better outcome in term of IOP reduction. Clinicians should choose suitable solution according to disease characteristics.

Objective To investigate the influence of different axial lengths (AL) on corneal curvature (CC),corneal astigmatism (CA),anterior chamber depth (ACD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in age-related cataract.Methods Ocular data of 368 patients 368 eyes from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University undergoing cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed.AL,corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism and anterior chamber depth were measured using IOL-Master (Zeiss,German),and the intraocular pressure was measured using an iCare tonometer.Together 80 patients (80 eyes) selected from these patients with different AL using random number table were randomly divided into three groups,including short,moderate and long AL group.Spearman's rank test was used to assess the correlation between AL and ocular biological parameters.Each parameter was compared by one-way analysis of variance among the three groups,respectively.Results Spearman's rank test presented that AL was related with CC (r =-0.424,P ＜ 0.001),CA (r =0.138,P =0.008) and ACD (r =0.561,P ＜0.001),but there was no correlation of AL with IOP (r =0.064,P =0.326).The AL was negatively correlated with CC,positively correlated with CA and ACD,but there was weak correlation between AL and CA,as well as moderate correlation of AL with CC and ACD.The CC of the moderate and long AL group was significantly different from that of the short AL group (all P ＜ 0.001),but there was no significant difference between moderate and long AL group (P =0.438).Moreover,difference in CA was not statistical significant between short and moderate AL group (P =0.333) as well as between moderate and long AL group (P =0.718),but its difference approached statistical significance between short and long AL group (P =0.042).Pairwise comparison of ACD among the three groups had significant difference (all P≤0.001),but difference in IOP was not statistically significant with palrwise comparison (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CC is negatively related to AL,and CA is weakly correlated to AL;meanwhile,it is possible to show that the degree of CA increases as AL gets longer.There is a moderate correlation between ACD and AL,while there is no relationship between AL and IOP.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fusion proteins GnRH-GRP(G3G6)and HSP65-STEAP1(HST1)on dendritic cells(DC)and the sensitization of DCs to B16F10 melanoma. The fusion proteins G3G6 and HST1 were obtained using the previous engineering strains in our laboratory. Group by unsensitized DC(US-DC), the G3G6 fusion protein sensitized DC, the HST1 fusion protein sensitized DC(HST1-DC)and the combined sensitized DC(GH-DC), the mouse bone marrow-derived DCs were sensitized with fusion protein to obtain the fusion protein sensitized DC vaccines. B16F10 melanoma cells were transplanted into C57BL/6J male mice to construct a melanoma model(1×106 cells per mouse), and DC vaccine was injected for treatment. The antitumor efficacy of DC vaccine was explored by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the fusion protein can effectively stimulate DC into differentiation and maturation; in the animal experiment, the inhibition rate of melanoma treated with G3G6-DC was 35. 75%, that of HST1-DC group and combination group were 34. 03% and 55. 74%. It was initially proved that both G3G6-DC and HST1-DC can effectively inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors of melanoma B16F10 cells in mice, and the combination therapy is superior to the single therapy.

Burnout, Professional ; Humans

In-vitro assay methods were established to evaluate transactivation and binding activity of compounds on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARγ). Firstly, plasmids were constructed for transactivation assay of PPARγ response element (PPRE) triggered reporter gene expression, and for cell-based binding activity assay of the chimeric receptor, which was fused with PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and yeast transcriptional activator Gal4. Secondly, by using PPARy competitive binding assay based on time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), affinities of compounds and drugs to PPARγ were evaluated. In application of these above methods, the PPARγ activating potency and characteristics of different compounds were evaluated, and a novel benzeneselfonamide derivative, ZLJ01, was found to have comparable binding activity and affinity with the well-known PPARy agonist, but lack of PPRE mediated transactivation activity. In preliminary study on in-vitro hypoglycemic activity, ZLJ1 was found to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by liver cells. Therefore, we believe that combining transactivation and binding activity as well as affinity evaluation, the system could be used to screen non-agonist PPARγ ligand as anovel PPARγ modulator
Genes, Reporter ; Hepatocytes ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemistry ; Ligands ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; chemistry ; Plasmids ; Response Elements ; Sulfonamides ; chemistry ; Transcriptional Activation

In-vitro assay methods were established to evaluate transactivation and binding activity of compounds on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARγ). Firstly, plasmids were constructed for transactivation assay of PPARγ response element (PPRE) triggered reporter gene expression, and for cell-based binding activity assay of the chimeric receptor, which was fused with PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and yeast transcriptional activator Gal4. Secondly, by using PPARy competitive binding assay based on time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), affinities of compounds and drugs to PPARγ were evaluated. In application of these above methods, the PPARγ activating potency and characteristics of different compounds were evaluated, and a novel benzeneselfonamide derivative, ZLJ01, was found to have comparable binding activity and affinity with the well-known PPARy agonist, but lack of PPRE mediated transactivation activity. In preliminary study on in-vitro hypoglycemic activity, ZLJ1 was found to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by liver cells. Therefore, we believe that combining transactivation and binding activity as well as affinity evaluation, the system could be used to screen non-agonist PPARγ ligand as anovel PPARγ modulator

Objective To prepare the folate receptor-targeted and paclitaxel-loaded ultrasound contrast agent (folate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-paclitaxel,FOL-PLGA-PTX) and to investigate its targeting and imaging performance in vitro.Methods Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-COOH micmcapsules with a core of liquid perfluorocarbon (PLGA-PTX) were prepared using single emulsion technique and then conjugated with folate by carbodiimide method.The size,surface potential,entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency were measured by Malvern laser detector and HPLC.The connectivity condition of PLGA-PTX with folate and the binding rate of fluorescent antibody were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.The targeting performance of FOL-PLGA-PTX was checked after co-incubated with human SKOV3cell lines in vitro and compared with that of non-targeted group and free folic acid intervention group.In vitro experiments were performed to explore the effects of FOL-PLGA-PTX on the enhancement of ultrasound imaging after irradiation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).Two-sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze data.Results The average diameter of FOL-PLGA-PTX was (244.43 ±13.32) nm,with the drug entrapment efficiency of (86.23 ± 1.23)％ and loading amount of (8.62±0.12)％.The binding rate of folate was as high as (98.49± 1.28)％.The connection rate of FOL-PLGAPTX on SKOV3 cells was higher than that of non-targeted group ((84.32±4.25) ％ vs (16.45±2.89) ％; F289.45,t=10.654,P＜0.01) and the free folic acid intervention group ((36.33±3.23)％; t=8.923,P＜0.01).During in vitro ultrasound imaging,the average grey scale of FOL-PLGA-PTX before HIFU irradiation was significantly lower than that after HIFU irradiation (39.32±3.64 vs 126.44±7.15 ; t =4.829,P＜0.01).Conclusion FOL-PLGA-PTX has been prepared successfully,with high entrapment efficiency and much drug loading,which can target to SKOV3 cells specifically and effectively in vitro,and enhance the ultrasound imaging greatly after HIFU irradiation.

Objective To explore the interaction characters of fluoride and aluminum by analyzing the changes of bone metabolism in mice. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into nine groups according to the factorial experiment, design of two factors and three levels. The animals in different groups were fed with various doses of fluoride(NaF, 0,50,150 mg/L) and/or aluminum(AlCl3, 0,200,600 mg/L) in drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum calcium, phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, osteoealine, parathyroid, and urinary calcium and phosphor were tested. Results We found interaetians of fluoride and aluminum with serum calcium, osteoealine and urine calcium(F=17.370,4.399,9.448, P<0.01), but not with serum phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid or urinary phospbor(F=0.416,0.415,1.921,1.362, 1.630, P 0.05). The serum levels of calcium and osteoealine in high fluoride group were (1.13±0.27)mmol/L and (6.56±5.74)μg/L, respectively, which were lower than in the control group[ (1.82±0.37)mmol/L and (23.45±15.40)laeJL, respectively], but the levels were elevated to (1.76±0.36)mmol/L and (10.57±4.28)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with low aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73±3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with high aluminum. The urinary calcium level in low fluoride group [ (6.24±2.61)retool/retool Cr] was higher than that in the control group[ (3.12±2.04)retool/retool Cr], but it was decreased in low fluoride and aluminum groups[ (0.81±0.44), (1.23± 0.41)mmol/mmoi Cr, respectively]. On the other hand, the levels of serum ealeium and osteocaline in high aluminum group were (1.07±0.68)mmol/L and (7.21±5.22)μg/L, elevated to (1.47±0.18)mmol/L and (10.98±4.35) μg/L when low fluoride was combined wth high aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73± 3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was.combined with high aluminum, respectively, and the combined effects showed the same trend of higher aluminum. Conclusions Aluminum antagonized fluoride-induced effects, whereas fluoride aggravated the effects caused by aluminum in this experimental conditions. The biomarkers of bone formation and mineralization were suppressed in the combined groups, so the combined effects could interfere with the course of bone turnover by inhabiting bone formation and mineralization, leading to the disorder of bone metabolism eventually.

Objective To investigate the alteration of mast cell(MC)in elderly patients with reflux esophagitis(RE). Methods Twenty eight elderly and 15 non-elderly patients with RE were recruited.Lower esophageal mucosal mast cells and the percentage of degranulated mast cells were countered after immunohistochemieal staining.The ultrastrueture of mast cells was observed by eleetromieroscope. Results The number of mast cells in lower esophageal mucosa in elderly patients with RE was significantly more than that in non-elderly patients with RE(10.24±2.56 VS.5.07±0.18,P＜0.01),and the percentage of degranulated mast cells in lower esophageal mucosa was also significantly higher in elderly patients with RE than in non-elderly patients with RE[(24.7±4.6)%vs.(13.5±5.5)%,P＜0.01].The more severe the esophageal mucosallesions,the more the numberof mast cells. Under the electromicroscopy, more Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and endoplasm-reticulum were found in mast cells.Special secreting particles were also found in cytoplasm,more vacuole were left behind after mast cells degranulation in elderly patients with RE.Conclusions Increased numbers of mast cells and mast cell activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of elderly RE.

Objective To manufacture magnetic microbubbles with dual-response to ultrasound and magnetic fields.Methods Microbubbles of ultrasound contrast agent (ST68) based on a surfactant were prepared by the acoustic cavitation method.Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with negative charge were synthesized using the polyol procedure.Magnetic microbubbles were generated by depositing polyethylenimine and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles alternately onto the microbubbles using the layer-by-layer self-assembly.In vitro ultrasonography was performed on a silicone tube with/without magnetic microbubbles (3 × 108/ml) by a self-made device to observe the movement of magnetic microbubbles under the effects of magnetic field.In vivo imaging was performed on the kidney of New Zealand rabbits before and after the injection of magnetic microbubbles.Results The Fe3O4 nanoparticles carried a stable negative charge of (-24.6 ± 6.7) mV and more than 98％ of the particles were less than 8 μm in diameter,meeting the size requirement of an ultrasound contrast agent for intravenous administration.There was no echoic signal in the silicone tube before injection of magnetic microbubbles,but there were strong echoic signals after injection.After applying a magnetic field,the magnetic microbubbles moved along the direction of the magnetic flux.In vivo ultrasound imaging could not visualize the kidney before injection of magnetic microbubbles,but could remarkably visualize the kidney after injection.Conclusions The magnetic microbubbles exhibit favorable magnetic targeting and ultrasound contrast enhancement characteristics.Such properties may serve as the foundation to study their potential for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment in the future.