The study analyzes the major factors which h ave led to the differences between the current situation of drug research and de velopment in China and that in the developed countries: Long-time-existing pla nned economy has prevented Chinese medical enterprises from rapidly becoming the principal part in drug research and development; there is a lack of the entrepr eneurs who can establish the drug research and development systems and availa ble market environment; scientists and entrepreneurs have difficulty in cooperat ing well; the reorientation about the government functions leaves much to be desired Based on above factors, this study has developed related measureme nt s to reduce the differences, such as conducting the structural innovation; esta blishing the drug research and developments systems unalterably; rearranging the functions of the governments and optimizing the market environment; strengthen ing the cooperation among the excellent pharmceutical enterprises in China

Objective:To study difference in arterial oxygen(PO 2) pressure between the carotid artery and the femoral artery and its relation with hypoxia of brain after head injury.Methods:Forty patients with acute head injury were divided into four groups according to the GCS(Ⅰ:6 patients for GCS 3-5score;Ⅱ:16 patients for GCS 6-8 score;Ⅲ:8 patients for GCS 9-12 score;Ⅳ:10 patients for GCS 13-15score).The PO 2 of the carotid artery and the femoral artery was monitored for every patient.At the same time,26 patients from all groups were monitored using transcranial dopplergraphy.Additional,22 patients with severe head injury were continuously monitored on PO 2 of the carotid artery and the femoral artery for 5 days.Results:(1)The difference in PO 2 between the carotid artery and the femoral artery was identified in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups.The PO 2 of carotid artery is much less than that of femoral artery(P

The incidence of allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy) increased gradually over recent decades, and an increasing number of patients are suffering from allergic diseases, thus the rise in allergic disease incidence warrants concern. Researchers have already had a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Mounting evidence has shown that the eosinophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Many systematic studies have been conducted about eosinophils, therefore, this review will provide a summary on recent progress in eosinophils and allergic diseases.
Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; etiology ; immunology ; Eczema ; etiology ; immunology ; Eosinophils ; Food Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; immunology ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology ; immunology

Objective To evaluate atrial stunning and the recovery of atrial function after successful cardioversion in the patients with atrial fibrillation by utilizing tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) and M-mode echocardiography in atria-ventricular annulus motion, together with pulsed Doppler echocardiography and apexcardiogram. Methods Thirty-four patients with atrial fibrillation received ultrasound examinations in 1 hour,1 day,1 week and 1 month after successful cardioversion. The results were compared with those of 20 age-matched healthy individuals. From the echocardiography apical 4-chamber views, the atrial mechnical activities in the mitral and tricuspid annulus were recorded using two-dimensional echocardiography guided M-mode and TDI. Furthermore, pulsed Doppler transmitral and transtricuspid inflow velocity and apexcardiogram were also recorded. Atrial stunning means the lack of atrial mechanical function after atrial electrical activity was recovered with successful cardioversion. Results Left and right atrial functions after cardioversion were both inferior to those of the healthy ones,but improved with time,up to 1 week right arial function turned basically to normal and 1 month left one recovered to normal.The incidence of atrial stunning in left and right atrium accounted for (20.6)% and (14.7)% respectively at 1 hour after successful cardioversion, (11.76)% and (14.7)% at 1 day, (6.5)% and (3.2)% at 1 week. Conclusions Both left and right atrial functions are lower than the normal after cardioversion,and atrial stunning happens in both atria.Left and right atria recover to normal respectively in 1 month and 1 week.

Objective To observe the distribution of TCM syndromes in patients with functional constipation (FC). Methods One hundred and five cases of patients with FC were analyzed with relevant factors and summarized to syndromes of FC by cluster analysis. Results There was a correlation between distribution of syndromes of FC and patient's age, job occupation, course of disease, incentives and patient's eating habits. The distribution of syndromes analyzed by cluster analysis was consistent with diagnostic criteria. Conclusion The syndromes of FC are divided into heat constipation, qi constipation, deficiency constipation and cold constipation. Among these syndromes, the number of excess constipation patients especially heat constipation is more than the number of others.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic of autoimmune gastritis (AIG).Methods From January 1990 to April 2010,the clinical data of 55 AIG patients were retrospectively analyzed,which included hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH),gastrin,intrinsic factor antibody (IFA),parietal cell antibody (PCA),gastrointestinal endoscopy examination and 24-hour esophageal pH recording.Another 31 megaloblastic anemia (MA) patients were selected as control.Statistical analysis was performed by independent-samples t test.Results Among 55 AIG patients,49 patients were associated with MA,and three out of four cases were identified of IFA.About 43.8％ (21/48) patients were PCA positive.Before treatment,the levels of LDH and α-HBDH of AIG patients with MA were (1045.50±853.46)U/L and (853.71±824.23) U/L which significantly increased,than those of patients without MA [(166.67±41.03) U/L,(133.67±27.90) U/L],the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.665,-2.120,both P＜0.05),however there was no significant difference when compared with the control group [(1047.52±1028.31) U/L,(1050.23±1264.37) U/L,both P＞0.05)].A total of 46 patients underwent gastroendoscopy examination,63.0％ (29/46) patients had gastric body atrophy while gastric antrum not involved; 34.8％ (16/46) patients had neither gastric body nor antrum atrophy; seven patients gastric mucosal showed intestinal metaplasia and one patient showed intestinal metaplasia with atypical hyperplasia and 2.2％ (1/46) presented both the antrum and the body atrophy.Conclusions The levels of LDH and α-HBDH increased in AIG patients might be related with MA caused marrow in-situ hemolysis.IFA is recommended as a routine test for AIG.There is still some limitations of AIG diagnosis according to histopathological features of gastric endoscopy specimen.The clinical features should be taken into consideration.

Objective To study the changes of apoptosis in brain after traumatic injury(TBI)treated with exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)gene therapy in oder to find out the role of exogenous VEGF gene in protectiog brain tissue.Method The injurea cerebral cortex from the rat models of brain with traumatic injury was injected with adenovirus(adenovirus,Ad)as the carrier of VEGF-165 gene(Ad-VEGF-165 Gene).RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein in the brain 6 h,24 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d after injury,and apoptosis in the injured location of brain was also detected by TUNEL successively after Ad-VECF-165 gene therapy.Results With exogenous Ad-VEGF-165 applied to the locally injured brain tissue after injury,VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein showed consistent expression and their expressions were significantly higher than those in trauma group and vehicle control group.Compared with the trauma group.the apoptosis in the gene therapy group 24 h,3 d and 7 d after injury presented a.significant reduction,and had close relationship with VEGF.(Control group:4.17±0.73;TBI group,24 h:47.18±6.01,3 d:79.44±11.23;TBI+VEGF group.24 h:28.72±5.31,3 d:54.18±7.66;P＜0.05).Conclusions The exogenous VEGF gene therapy administered to have protective effects on the local brain tissue in rats with traumatic injury in a certain time.

Objective To investigate the therapy of chronic eczema patient by mounting method withshen que point,and its effect to relieve itch fast and increase the comfort and contentment of patients.Meth-otis 68 caiges of chronic eczema were randomly enrolled into the experimental gttmp(38 cases)and the controlgroup(30 cases).The experimental group added mounting method with shen ClUe point to normal therapy in-observed the beginning time of itch remission and the therapeutic effect of two groups after 14 days.ResultsCompared with the control group,We found that itch remission in the experimental group wok effect earlier thanthat of the control group,P<0.05.and the therapeutic effect in the experimental group wag significantly differ-ent from that ofthe control group after 14 days.P<0.05.Conclusions The mounting method with sben quepoint can relieve pruritus of patients with chrunie eczema effectively and promote therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate atrial stunning after successful cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation by utilizing tissue Doppler imaging(TDI),M-mode echocardiography in left atria-ventricuhr annulus motion,together with pulsed Doppler echocardiography and apexcardiogram.Methods Thirtyeight patients with atrial fibrillation who in 1 hour after successfully underwent electrical or pharmacological cardioversion were involved.The peak motion velocity of mitral annulus during atrial contraction period(Am)and peak motion velocity during early diastolic period(Em) was detected by TDI.The biggest motion argument of mitral annulus during atrial contraction period(DAD)and biggest motion argument during early diastolic period(DED)was detected byM-mode echocardiography.The blood flow velocity of mitral during early diastole(E)and atrial contraction(A) was also measured by pulsed Dopphr echocardiography and pressure wave during atrial systole was recorded by apexcardiogram.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had atrial stunning(atrial stunning group and non-atrial stunning group).Results The incidence of atrial stunning occurred in left atrium was 28.9%(11/38)at 1 hour after successful cardioversion.There was no significant difference in cardioversion method between two groups(P>0.05).The patients in atrial stunning group had longer duration of atrial fibrillation and Larger left atrium(P<0.05).A,Am and DAD in the atrial systole period in atrial stunning group was 0.but in non-atrial stunning group was(43±34)cm/s,(6±4)cm/s,(0.27 ±0.18)cm,respectively,and there were significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Atrial stunning can happen in left atrium after successful cardioversion,and atrial stunning is related to the duration of atrial fibrillation and the dimension of left atrium.

Objective To explore the causes of occupational exposure and methods of personal protection from occupational exposure.Methods Twenty seven cases with occupational exposure to HIV hospitalized in our hospital from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 27 cases with occupational exposure to HIV,8 were policemen,4-physicians,12-nurses and 3-laboratory technicians.Of them 4(3 medical workers)were of skin exposure,17(16 medical workers)were injured by sharp devices,and 6(all policemen)were injured by scratch or bite.Post exposure prophylactic interventions were provided for all of them,and no infection was identified after 12 month medical observation.Conclusion Regular training of occupational exposure to HIV for medical workers and judicial staff will be needed.