Objective To observe the effect of high glucose on the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in cultured retinal Müller glia cells.Methods The retinal tissue of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was collected,and Müller cells were isolated and cultured.The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of Müller cells were identified by streptavidin-biotinperoxidase complex.Cultured rat Müller cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose),group A (20 mmol/L glucose),group B (30 mmol/L glucose) and group C (40 mmol/L glucose).ATF4 protein expressions in Müller cells of four groups were measured by Western blot four days after cultured.Results GFAP and GS expressed in more than 95％ of Müller cells.Over 95％ of Müller cells of group A,B and C were positive for GFAP and GS.Western blots indicated that ATF4 protein in group A,B and C increased obviously compared with the control group (q=0.293,0.754,0.484; P＜0.05).Conclusion High glucose can increase the expression of ATF4 protein and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in retinal Müller glia cells in vitro.

The incidence,morbidity and mortality of stroke are very high.The evaluation of ischemic penumbra has very important significance for guiding clinical treatment and assessing prognosis.Currently,ischemic penumbra can be evaluated using imaging technologies,such as MRI,CT,positron emission tomography,and single photon emission computed tomography.

Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; etiology ; therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; therapy ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic

OBJECTIVE: To synthesis chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogel containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyethyleneimine (MWCNTs-PEI) complexes and to lay a foundation for further research of dual slow-release delivery system. METHODS: Chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel containing MWCNTs-PEI was prepared by MWCNTs-PEI dispersed to the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. As the indicator of the gelling time, the experiment studied the effect of β-GP concentration, pH, temperature and MWCNTs-PEI composite quality on the thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel, and then it was charactered by using transmission electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometer(IR), and initially investigated in vivo compatibility. RESULTS: The dynamic rheology method investigated the gelling temperature were about 37.0°C. Within a certain range, the gelling time of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel was shortened with the increase of concentration of β-GP, pH, temperature, and the quality of MWCNTs-PEI complexes, and they could be transformed into the hydrogel in vivo. The addition of MWCNTs-PEI complex didn't react chemically with the thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel and significantly make the holes of the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel smaller by SEM and FT-IR, eventually leading to the swelling rate and the corrosional ratio decrease. CONCLUSION: Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate thermosensitive hydrogel containing amino-carbon nanotubes has a rapid gelation and good temperature-sensitivity, which can serve as a good double sustained-release carrier.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize water-soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyethyleneimine (MWCNTs-PEI) composite with low cytotoxicity and to lay a foundation for further research of loading drugs with carbon nanotubes. METHODS: MWCNTs-PEI composite was prepared by modifying carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs-COOH) with polyethylene (PEI), and then the composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectra, UV spectra and thermalgravimetric analysis. The cytotoxicity of the composite on PC12 cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay to preliminarily evaluate its biocompatibility. RESULTS: The dissolubilities of MWCNTs-PEI and MWCNTs-COOH complexes were respectively 1.009 and 0.0601 mg · mL-1, and the former was about 16 times of the latter. The cytotoxicity of MWCNTs-PEI composite on PC 12 cells was significantly milder than that of MWCNTs-COOH composite as indicated by MTT assay (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MWCNTs-PEI composite not only improves the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes, but also reduces its in vitro cell toxicity.

In recent years, the theory of cancer stem cells has provided a new perspective on the treatment of cancers including breast cancer. The accurate sorting of breast cancer stem cells is critical. The sorting procedure is consist of 4 steps: isolation of side population, serum-free suspension culture,determination of specific cell surface markers and of the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 ( ALDH1 ) enzymatic through the ALDEFLUOR assay. Some studies choose drug resistance as an additional method for sorting cancer stem cells because of the enrichment of cancer stem cells after chemotherapy . The controversy about the sorting outcome of breast cancer stem cell mainly focus on molecular markers like CD44+ CD24- and ALDH1+ . The problem needed to be settled is to identify which sorting method and markers are appropriate.

Child ; Fibroma ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic therapy on nosocomial infection in patients with severe viral hepatitis,and inquire into its applied mechanism.Methods 159 cases of severe viral hepatitis were divided into groups according to clinical stage and the applied circumstance of antibiotic medicine;Group A:receiving no prophylactic antibiotics therapy,Group B intravenous injection of the third generation cephalosporins and Group C intravenous injection of the semisymthetic penicillins.All cases had no infection on admission and received no antibiotics for 7 days before entering hospital and had stayed in hospital over 72 hours.Results Nosocomial infection occurred in 76 patients among the 159 selected cases.The incidence of nosocomial infection of Group A,Group B and Group C was 56.16%(41/73),34.0%(17/50) and 50.0% (18/36),respectively.The occurring time of nosocomial infection of Group B in early,middle and late stage patients with severe viral hepatitis was significantly later than Group A.The incidence of nosocomial infection in middle and later stage patients was significantly lower,and the mortality was significantly decreased in middle stage patients.There was significantly difference between group A and B(P0.05).Conclusion Prophylactic usage of antibiotics of third generation cephalosporins can not only delay nosocomial infection but also decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection in middle and late stage patients and mortality in middle stage patients with severe viral hepatitis.

Objective To investigate expression of glycogen synthase kinase(GSK)-3? and phosphorylation GSK-3? (p-GSK-3?) in the anterior temporal neocortex in patients with refractory epilepsy(RE). Methods Expression of GSK-3? and p-GSK-3? were detected by RT-PCR, FQ-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry in the anterior temporal cortices of 36 RE cases. 8 patients without RE had been used as the controls. Results Compared with control group,the expression of GSK-3? mRNA and protein were significant higher(allP

Objective To assess the efficacy,comfort and tolerability of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).Methods The literature of RCTs concerning high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus usual oxygen care (UOC) in ARF patients was searched using the national and international electronic databases.All relevant studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and then the included studies were evaluated,and finally,the extracted data were analyzed using Rev Man 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results eleven RCTs were included in 3 170 patients,of those 1 550 patients were in HFNC group,while 1 620 patients were in UOC group.There was no statistical difference in mortality among in HFNC and UOC group (OR =0.92,95％ CI:0.70-1.2,P =0.53),neither was the incidence of nosocomial infection (OR =0.85,95％ CI:0.63-1.15,P =0.3).The incidence of endotracheal intubation was lower in HFNC group than in UOC group.The comfort and tolerablity was greater in HFNC group than that in UOC group.Conclusions No difference in mortality or nosocomial infection was detected in patients with ARF treated with HFNC compared with UOC.However,HFNC seem well tolerated by patients and showed a lower rate of endotracheal intubation.