Objective To investigate the expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 proteins in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal hypopharyngeal mucosa. Methods The expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 proteins were exam-ined by immunohistochemical S-P technique in 60 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases of normal hypopharyngeal mucosa . The relationship between expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 proteins and clinical pathologi-cal feathers was analyzed. Results The positive rates of the expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 were 78.3% (47/60) and 66.7%(40/60) in 60 cases of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which were significantly higher than those in 15 cas-es of normal hypopharyngeal mucosa [13.3%(2/15) and 6.7%(1/15), P<0.05]. The lower the degree of differentiation, the later the clinical stage, the higher the positive expression rates of AKT and ERK1/2. There were significantly higher expres-sions of AKT and ERK1/2 in patients with lymph node metastasis than those of patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between expression levels of AKT and ERK1/2 (rs=0.400,P<0.05). Con-clusion There were higher expression levels of AKT and ERK1/2 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The activa-tion of AKT and ERK1/2 proteins promotes hypopharyngeal occurrence, development and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of simvastatin and aspirin on atherosclerosis and its effect on non endothelium dependent diastolic function(NMD)and blood lipid in patients.Methods Retrospective analyzed a total of 95 the clinical data of patients with atherosclerosis treated in Tianjin Baodi Hospital from August 2014 to May 2016.The patients were divided into simvastatin group and combined treatment group according to their treatment methods,simvastatin group was given simvastatin,combined treatment group was given aspirin on the basis of simvastatin.After four weeks treatment,the difference of plaque quantity,NMD and blood lipid between the two groups were observed.Results After treatment,the size and number of plaques in the combined treatment group were smaller than those in the simvastatin group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the NMD level in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the simvastatin group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the levels of IL-18,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the simvastatin group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the levels of LDL-C,TG and TC in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the simvastatin group,HDL-C levels were higher than simvastatin group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Simvastatin combined with aspirin can significantly improve the endothelium dependent diastolic function and lipid level in patients with atherosclerosis,and has good therapeutic effect.

Background Epipolis laser in situ keratomihusis(Epi-LASIK) is an potential surgery for myopia because it synthesize advantages of LASEK and LASIK. But its clinical effectiveness and safeness is remarkable.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical curative effects and safeness of Epi-LASIK for myopia in different diopter of population. Methods Retrospective study was designed for 208 eyes of 104 patients who underwent EpiLASIK for the correction of myopia. The patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative diopter:lower myopia group( ≤ -6.00 D, 111 eyes) and high myopia group ( ＞-6.00 D,97 eyes). The time of epithelial healing, postoperative syndrome, postoperative visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP) , the safe index, the efficacy index and haze were evaluated at 1,3,6,12 months postoperatively. The written informed consent was obtained from each individual before surgery. Results After operation, 20 eyes ( 18.02% ) of lower myopia group and 29 eyes (29.90%) of high myopia group had obvious pain, presenting statistically significant difference between two groups (X2 = 4. 060, P＜0.05 ). The mean time of epithelial healing was (5.49±0. 83 )days in lower myopia group and (5.85± 0.68 )days in high myopia group with a delayed epithelial healing time in high myopia group( u= 3. 377 ,P＜0.05 ).One year after the treatment,the uncorrected visual acuity( UCVA ) ≥ 1. 0 was 90. 99% ( 101 eyes) in lower myopia group and 75.26% ( 73 eyes) in high myopia group, and 9.91% ( 11 eyes) and 15.46% ( 16 eyes) of the eyes improved byl line or more in best spectacle corrected visual acuity(BCVA) ;whereas 3.60% (4 eyes)and 6. 18% (6 eyes)lost a line or more. 91.89% ( 102 eyes) and 85.57% (83 eyes) in both groups gained within 1.00 D of the attempted correction. The safety index and efficacy index were 1.04 and 0. 98 in lower myopia group,and 1. 01 and 0. 96 in high myopia group without statistically significant difference( P＞0. 05 ). haze occurred in 6 eyes in lower myopia group and 9 eyes in high myopia group and the difference in haze grading was not statistically significant between two groups ( P＞0. 05 ). The high intraocular pressure appeared in 10 eyes and 9 eyes in low myopia group and high myopia group respectively during the fellow up duration and back to normal after topical use of timolol. Conclusion Epi-LASIK is an effective and safe method for correction of different diopters of myopia because of its mild symptom and lower incidence of haze.

Objective:Entrepreneurial failure refers to the process of entrepreneurial performance continuous decline until the business is bankrupt. The aim of this research is to analyze implicit stigma effect against entrepre-neurial failure in college students. Methods:Sixty-four college students in a natural class participated in this survey, 4 D values of the total tool of entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma and its three dimensions (including cognitive appraisal,emotional reaction,and behavior tendency)were assessed with the traditional implicit association test (IAT). Through independent sample t test,the differences between zero and 4 D values were analyzed. The differ-ences of four D values at gender and entrepreneurial experienceon were explored,the difference between reaction time of the compatibility task and incompatibility task was analyzed,and the reliability of the tool of implicit stigma effect against entrepreneurial failure was evaluated. Results:The 4 D values were all greater than zero. In 3 inde-pendent dimensions and total IATs,the automatic association between entrepreneurial failure and negative words was closer relative to positive words (P<0. 001 ),it showed that their implicit negative attitude against entrepre-neurial failure was significant. Split-halfreliability and internal consistency coefficient of the total tool of entrepre-neurial failure implicit stigma were respectively 0. 87 and 0. 82. Conclusion:In this study,the entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma effect may be significant in college students. These college studeuts have implicit negative cognition and emotion,and discrimination behavior tendency against entrepreneurial failure.

Objective To investigate the applied value of adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs) transfected glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)by lentivirus in cerebral transplantation.Methods Primarily isolated and cultured, the rat ADSCs were transfected GDNF by high-titer lentivirus. Then, configuration of cells and expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were observed. By stereotaxic frame, transfected ADSCs were intrastriatally transplanted.1month and 2month after transplantation, survival and migration of marked cells were detected. GDNF expression, verified by Western blot, was compared with control group.Results ADSCs, transfected by lentivirus, can differentiate into neuron-like cells and express NSE in cytolymph. 1 month after transplantation, the majority of cells survived in transplanting area. 2 month later, part of transplanted cells still survived and migrated far from the transplanting area. In addition, the level of GDNF protein in the brain tissue was significantly higher compared with control group (all P

Objective To study the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and white blood cell(WBC),levels of plasma lipid,fibrinogen(Fib) in the patients with cerebral infarction(CI).Methods 38 patients with CI were examined on carotid arteries using magnetic resonance imagine(MRI) to discover the atherosclerotic plaques and ascertain their stability.WBC,the levels of plasma lipids [including total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein(LDL),lipoprotein(a)] and Fib were detected in CI patients and 31 healthy subjects(normal control group,all subjects were examined carotid arteries with color dopper ultrasonography and no plaques were found)].Results 26 patients with CI(68.4 %) showed carotid plaques and 12 patients with CI(31.6%)did not.Of these,the patients with unstable versus stable plaque were 20(52.6%) versus 6(15.8%) respectively.The levels of plasma Fib in the CI group(including CI without plaque,CI with stable plaque and CI with unstable plaque) were significantly higher than that in the normal control group(all P

0.05).In the 35 patient who had unitary incontinence before the operation,the symptom disappeared in 6(17.1%) patients,and deteriorated in 2(5.7%).While in the 38 patients without urinary incontinence before the operation,9(23.7%) showed the symptom postoperation.Totally,urinary incontinence was developed in 11 patients after the operation.Conclusions The patients with moderate-to-severe pelvic organ prolapse treated by traditional surgical procedures have a low rate of objective cure and a high rate of recurrent cystocele.It is important to repair the anterior pelvic floor during the operation.And the surgeons should be alert to the possibility of urinary incontinence.

0 05). The blood loss in group I (160?40ml)was significantly less than that in group II(190?60ml)(P

Objective To evaluate the impact of pancreatic duct hanging and continuous suturing maneuver in end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy on the incidence of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD),and to study the feasibility,safety and efficacy.Method 165 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were randomly selected and the incidences of pancreatic fistula for the different types of pancreaticojejunostomy were analyzed.Results The overall rate of pancreatic fistula was 13.9％ (23/165).The incidences of pancreatic fistula after pancreatic duct hanging and continuous suturing maneuver in end-to-side anastomosis (3.1％,2/65,group C) was significantly lower than the traditional intussusception anastomosis (23.1％,12/52,group A,P＜0.05) and the mucosa mucosa anastomosis (18.8％,9/48,group B).There was no significant difference between the traditional intussusception anastomosis and the mucosa mucosa anastomosis (P＞0.05).In group C,the average operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative drainage was obviously superior to the A and B group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the A and B group (P＞0.05).The other complications showed no significant differences among the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Pancreatic-duct hanging and continuous suturing maneuver in end-to-side anastomosis significantly reduced the rate of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduedenectomy.It was feasible,safe,convenient to use and should be popularized.

Objective To investigate laparoscopic-guided selective portal vein ligation in the two-stage hepatectomy for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Twenty-three patients with HCC who were not suitable for one-stage hepatectomy were admitted to the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2009 to February 2012.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Laparoscopic-guided selective portal vein ligation was firstly performed,dynamic changes of hepatic volume and predicted volume of liver to be resected were detected by computed tomography.Two-stage open hepatectomy was performed after assessment of resectability of HCC.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or q test.Results Laparoscopic-guided selective portal vein ligation was successfully performed on 22 patients (2 patients received concomitant cholecystectomy because the right branch of portal vein was difficult to expose),1 patient was converted to open surgery because of hemorrhage during portal vein separation.Three patients with multiple lesions received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization at 1 week after selective portal vein ligation.Dull pain in the hepatic region,low fever,nausea and vomiting were observed in the 23 patients,while no severe complications including peritoneal hemorrhage,bile leakage,hepatapostema was observed.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were back to normal at 1 week after the surgery.The right liver volume at postoperative week 3 was (590 ± 154)cm3,which was significantly smaller than (698 ± 135)cm3 before surgery.Compared with right liver volume at postoperative week 1,2,3,the right liver volume before operation was significantly smaller (F=15.62,P ＜0.05).The left hepatic volume at postoperative week 3 was (408 ± 149)cm3,which was significantly bigger than (331 ± 68)cm3 before operation.The left liver volume before operation was significantly different from those at postoperative week 1,2,3 (F =17.48,P ＜ 0.05).The predicted ratio of liver to be resected was 60％ ± 18％ at postoperative week 3,which was significantly smaller than 67％ ± 15％ before operation (F =12.35,P ＜ 0.05).Two patients with insufficient hyperplasia of offside liver,2 patients with intrahepatic metastasis at postoperative week 3,2 patients were lost to follow up and 3 patients gave up hepatectomy,14 patients received hepatectomy at 2-4 weeks after laparoscopic-guided selective portal vein ligation.The resection rate was 60.9％ (14/23).There were 2 patients received extended right hepatectomy,8 received right hepatectomy,4 received non-anatomical hepatectomy.All the 14 patients recovered well,and no hepatic failure,severe peritoneal effusion and infection was observed.Conclusion Laparoscopic-guided selective portal vein ligation is easy to perform,and it extends the indication of hepatectomy,increases the safety of two-stage hepatectomy.