Fyn is a Src family protein tyrosine kinase associated with TCR/CD3 complex. Fyn appears to play a role in the activation of T cells based on its enzymatic activation and tyrosine phosphorylation following the ligation of TCR/CD3, and it also plays a critical role in the calcium flux and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The protective response against murine Leishmania major infection is associated with the T helper-type 1 (Th1) responses and the ability to modulate Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and interferon-γ, respectively. The role of Fyn tyrosine kinase in vivo was directly examined by the response to infection with L. major in C57BL/6 fyn-deficient mice. Despite the absence of Fyn, the mice remained resistant to this infection with only mild lesion development, and, they demonstrated Th1 responses as assessed by the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and cytokine milieu. The findings in the fyn-deficient mice failed to support a relationship between the anticipated functions of Fyn in vitro and the immune response to L. major infection in vivo. As a result, in leishmanial disease, Fyn probably plays a minor role in the protective immune response and is, therefore, not a key factor in such a response.
Infection as complication of medical care ; Role ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinase ; Upper case tea ; Laboratory mice

Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still associated with high mortality and morbidity, and early outcome is poor compared with outcome in patients with stable angina. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical results of on-pump beating heart CABG vs. off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) for ACS patients. From a total of 432 CABG patients, we retrospectively analyzed 72 (16.7%) patients who underwent emergency CABG between 2004 and 2008. Emergency CABG cases were divided into 2 operative groups : an on-pump beating-heart CABG group (on, n=31) and an OPCAB group (off, n=41). A preoperative history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), detection of troponin T, preoperative creatine phosphokinase (CPK) value, low ejection fraction, presence of mitral regurgitation (MR) (>II) and cardiomegaly were markedly higher in the on group. There were no statistically significant differences in intraoperative factors. In-hospital mortality was 3.2% (1 patient) in the on group and 7.3% (3 patients) in the off group. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in incidence of all-cause morbidity (on=71.0% : off=41.5%, p=0.01), respiratory failure (on=58.1% : off=29.3%, p=0.01), ICU stay (on=6.5±4.6 days : off=4.1±3.2 days, p=0.01), and necessary inotropic support (on=51.6% : off=17.1%, p=0.02). Multivariate regression analysis of preoperative and intraoperative factors was performed to identify independent factors for in-hospital mortality and morbidity. On multivariate analysis of preoperative factors, only the pre-CPK value reached statistical significance as an independent factor for in-hospital mortality and morbidity.

A 62-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dextrocardia on her chest X-ray film. She had been in good health though the X-ray abnormality had been pointed out from her childhood. Echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac catheterization revealed situs inversus, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, and severe tricuspid valve (systemic atrioventricular valve) regurgitation with mild systemic ventricular dysfunction. The surgeon stood on the patient's left side during the operation. On cardiopulmonary bypass, the tricuspid valve, facing almost dorsally, was exposed through a superior transseptal approach. Tricuspid valve replacement with a mechanical valve was performed with leaflet preservation. Systemic ventricular function is preserved at one year after operation.