ObjectiveTo investigate physiotherapists both in China and Japan by the questionnaire, and find problems appeared by Chinese physiotherpists.MethodsForty-nine therapists in China Rehabilitation Research Center and forty-three qualified physiotherapists in Japan participated in this study. Contents of the questionnaire include their view on the physical therapy, working condition, academic activity and etc. Received questionnaires were analyzed.ResultsResults from the statistics analysis showed that there were significant differences in education, the role in clinical work, kinds of diseases to be treated, academic activity and etc between Chinese and Japanese physiotherpists.Conclusion Main problems in China according to results of the questionnaire are lack of appropriate understanding of rehabilitation concept, lack of recognized teachers and specialized education organization, lack of rehabilitation facilities and equipment.

ObjectiveTo study the best estimating method of measuring length of crutches.Methods99 healthy student acted as volunteers for the test and the height of crutches was estimated with error margin of linear regression.ResultsThe error value of subtracting 41cm from the height of the subject was 7.071, and the error value of tip of Olecranon to the 3rd fingertip was 9.165.Conclusion The value of subtracting 41cm from the height of subject is more reliable in estimating the ideal length of crutches. The value of tip of Olecranon to the 3rd fingertip is ideal for determining fitting of the handgrip.

A survey was conducted on 117 agricultural cooperatives and 121 city, town and village offices in Nagano Prefecture to find out how they provide health care to the population. The following is a summary of the findigs of the questionnaire survey based on interviews.
1. Collaboration between agricultural co-ops and local public offices in health control activities has become closer. Nearly half of the agricultural co-ops plan and implement health screening programs jointly with city, town and village authorities. One of the favorable effects of the joint undertaking manifests itself in the form of improvement in the ratio of participants to the total populace. The average percentage of participation in the joint programs comes at 48.8% as against the prefectural average of some 22%. Moreover, the joint efforts bring about the desired effect on the implementation of after-screening guidance and other health promotion programs.
2. Of local health leaders, 87.2% said that they keep in contact with each other. Those who meet once in every one to three months account for 24.8% of the total. In the areas where health leaders have liaison meetings regularly, it is noted that there is close cooperation between medical insitutions and various health-related organizations, resulting in a marked improvement in the percentage of participation in health screenings. It is also noted that there is overall improvement in the attitude toward health control.
3. As regards the participation of inhabitants in health control activities, the women's, the young men's and the producers' associations have representatives to the health control promotion council of the agricultural cooperative in each region. Of the three associations, the women's association is the most enthusiastic with the participation ratio of 55.4%. Meanwhile, 67.8% of the agricultural co-ops send their representatives to the health promotion council of each municipal body. More representatives of agricultural co-ops and inhabitants should take part in the council in the interest of people's well-being.

A check of the health of residents in their twenties and thirties in Nagano Prefecture's rural communities indicates that the rate of hypertensives and the incidence of cholesterolemia were low in those age groups. There were signs that the prevalence of obesity is somewhat high among males but low among females. Virtually no incidence of anemia was observed among men but the incidence was fairly high among women. The number of persons with hepatic dysfunction was relatively large among men. In terms of the intake of nutrients, there were not a few men for whom the meals were imbalanced, and the intake of alcoholic beverages was high.
It is necessary that women should refrain from taking in confectionary and taken in fishmeat, meat, milk, egg, soybeans and other proteins. In Nagano Prefecture's rural communities, there remain signs that the intake of salt is high even in young generation, so that it is important to take measures for the prevention of hypertension.

To demonstrate delayed neuro-toxicity of organophosphate, we administered 13 types of organophosphorous pesticide to hens. Initially, a screening test was performed with nine varieties of the chemical product. Later, four types were given to the fowls. Those hens dosed with S-Seven and Surecide developed ataxia and other neurophatic symptoms in the lower limbs.
After 50 days of observation, all the hens were killed and anatomized. Phathohistological examination revealed various changes in the hens that developed neuropathic symptoms: atrophy, diminution and disappearance of nerve cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord ; edematous changes in the myelin; swelling of the neuroglia ; atrophy and vaculolar degeneration of liver cells; and necrobiosis of nepaticlobures.
It was found that these changes are closely related with the development of ataxia and doses of the chemical.
It was also found that the pathotistological changes occurred to a less extent in those hens which did not develop toxicoses.

We investigated the content of NO₃-N in the well water of the eastern, middle and nothern districts of Nagano Prefecture. The NO₃-N content seasonally changes and takes on the pattern of a high in summer and a low in winter.
Rain is considered to dilute the contaminated well water, but it lets NO₃-N flow from the soil into the.well water, when the rain is poured by a typhoon. As a result, a high content of NO₃-N is measured in the well water.
The water sample of 25 out of 85 wells in Matsukawa Town exceeded the tolerance level of NO₃-N (10 ppm, but 44.3 ppm in terms of NO₃^-).
By crop area, the amount of NO₃-N was highest in the fruitgrowing area, which was followed in order of the vegetable-growing area, the flower-growing and the rice planting area.
We consider that the contamination of well water is caused both by chemical fertilizers and the less absorbility of the soil.

Paraquat is one the most popular herbicides in agriculture in Japan. To study the chronic toxicological effects of paraquat on animals, rats were fed a paraquat-containing diet for 1 year and 2 months (1, 5, 25mg/kg of body weight/day). Paraquat administration induced serious histochemical changes in various organs, such as the lung, heart, kidney and liver in rast. Pulmonary fibrosis occurred in the group of rats given 1mg paraquat/kg of body weight/day in diet.
The alkaline phosphatase activity and creatinine content in the blood serum significantly increased. The concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum decreased significantly.
A significant increase of lipid peroxidation was observed in the brain, kidney and liver.

Two hundred and thirty adipose tissues were collected from inpatients, who had undergone an operation and an autopsy in the Saku Central Hospital from 1980 to 1982. Organochlorine pesticides were extracted from the adipose tissues and determined by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron-capture detector.
The mean value was 1, 429 ppm for total BHC among males, and 1.665 ppm among females, 4.893 ppm and 3.791 ppm for total DDT, 1.082 ppm and 0.782 ppm for PCB, respectively. Regression analysis between the total BHC residue and the ages of patients indicated a positive correlation for both sexs. As for the relation between the rate of obesity and the residues, low rates of obesity (-10%--19%) were most significantly correlated with high values of total BHC, total DDT and PCB.
We also discussed relations between cancerous diseases and the residues.

Over the past eight years, small doses of an organophosphorous insecticide known in Japan as Sumithion (fenitrothion) have been administered weekly to rehsus monkeys and beagles. In this report, the results obtained during the past three years are discussed.
During the period, two monkeys and one hound died. Pathohistological examination revealed degeneration and disappearance-regeneration of liver tissues, edema of oculomotor muscle stomas, spinal cords and oculomotorius nerve fibers, and atrophy of limph nodes. These are considered the effects of the insecticide.
The surviving animals did not develop any abnormal changes or signs associated with Sumithion-induced disorders. Weight loss was not observed. Routine blood tests were negative. However, serum chemical analyses conducted in the seventh year showed that there are statistically significant differences in GPT, LDH and cholinestrase activity among the animals.