The purpose of this study was to examine statistical methods for assessing variance in students' learning attitudes over 2 months. The students' learning attitudes, measured by tutorial assessment sheets, were analyzed quantitatively by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Items on the tutorial assessment sheets were divided throughout the practice period into two axes of speculation (behavior and partnership). At the initial and medium-term stages of this practice, the dispersion of student's consciousness for given assessments was able to determine the quantity. We could then determine the quantity of recognizing the importance of topics to learn, and consciousness for learning was a feature often found at the end of this practice.

AIMTo identify proteins induced by androgen in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis.

METHODSWe analyzed protein profiles in TM4 Sertoli cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS).

RESULTSWe found increases in the expression of a 5.0-kDa protein at 15 min, an 11.3-kDa protein at 24 h and 4.3 kDa, 5.7 kDa, 5.8 kDa, 9.95 kDa and 9.98 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. In contrast, the expression of 6.3 kDa and 8.6 kDa proteins decreased at 30 min, and 4.9 kDa, 5.0 kDa, 12.4 kDa and 19.8 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. The 11.3-kDa protein was identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) known to having various functions. The 9.98-kDa protein was identified as calgizzarin related to calcium channels. The timing of their expression suggests that MIF and calgizzarin are involved in late regulation of spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells by androgen.

CONCLUSIONMIF and calgizzarin are two important androgen-responsive proteins produced by Sertoli cells and they might play a role in regulating spermatogenesis.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Kinetics ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Protein Array Analysis ; S100 Proteins ; genetics ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis