Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination （OSCE）–Reflection Method （OSCE-R）, a version of the OSCE for training physical therapists which incorporates group reflection through video, has been developed and implemented in our study. The purpose of this research was to introduce the OSCE-R to the second-year students and to examine its effects on learning.
Method: The subjects were 91 second-year students of the physical therapy department of our university. Before and after group reflection, OSCE score comparison, reflection sheet analysis, a questionnaire survey, and interview investigation were performed.
Results and Discussion: The OSCE scores increased significantly, and students learned the importance of reflection and empathy with patients. The combination of theory and clinical practice helped students to actively learn while crossing boundaries between school and hospital.

Background: Patients with malignant brain tumors are often accompanied by progressive loss of consciousness, aphasia, and paralysis, and often miss the time to make decisions on their own. Methods: In an acute neurosurgical unit, a multidisciplinary conference was held to support decision-making, and a brain tumor-specific advance care planning (ACP) leaflet was created and operated. The attainment rate of the five steps of ACP and the number of times the ACP process was repeated during hospitalization were evaluated for 79 inpatients before and after the introduction of the leaflet. Results: Forty-eight patients received decision-making support with the leaflet, while 31 did not. The rate of achievement of the discussion (38.7% vs 89.6%, p<0.001) and writing down (6.5% vs 33.3%, p=0.006) in ACP significantly increased after the introduction of the leaflet. Conclusion: The newly developed brain tumor-specific ACP leaflet was useful in promoting ACP for patients with brain tumors and providing decision support. In addition, a multidisciplinary ACP support framework for brain tumor patients has been established through ACP conferences.