Objective To analyse long-term follow-up outcome of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for atrial ifbrillation (AF) in a single center and to investigate the clinical relative factors which affecting the effect. Methods The inpatient, operating and outpatient data of patients, who were treated by CBA for AF in our center from January 2009 to April 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Left atrium diameter (LAD) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Failure-treatment of CBA was defined by episode of AF, atrial lfutter, atrial tachycardia lasted for 30 seconds after 3 months. Results A total of 199 patients were enrolled. The rates of phrenic nerve paralysis, pericardial effusion, transient ischemic attack were 1.5%(n=3), 0.5%(n=1), 0.5%(n=1),respectively. All complications were resolved spontaneously.152 patients had completed follow-up data after ifrst-time CBA during a long-term follow-up of mean 23±14 months, 65 patients (42.8%) treated success. 75 patients with failure-treated were (86.2%) experienced the atrial arrhythmia recurrence in ifrst 12 month. The characteristics of failure-treated patients included with older age[(62±7) years vs. (52±10) years, P=0.0379]and larger LAD[(48±6)mm vs. (43±6) mm, P<0.0001]. The Logistic analysis showed that LAD[OR=0.896(0.842,0.953), P=0.005]and age[OR=1.037 (1.000,1.076), P=0.0488]could individually predict the treat-failure after ifrst CBA, and only LAD[OR=0.876 (0.822,0.935), P < 0.0001]could individually predict the total CBA. Conclusions CBA procedure for AF is safe and effective, and the result of long-term follow-up is preferable. Most atrial arrhythmia are recurred during ifrst 12 month after CBA. LAD can individually predict the failure in treatment of CBA.