Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the acceptability of task shifting to volunteer barangay health workers (BHWs) in the implementation of community-based Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) in the Philippines. Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve stakeholders. The study was conducted in the urban city of Marikina which has a high prevalence of diabetes, and high death rates for diabetes and cerebrovascular disease relative to the regional and national rates. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting participants. Results: Task shifting Diabetes Self-Management Education to BHWs is generally acceptable to the participants. Expanding the roles of BHWs should be supported by adequate training, compensation, supervision, and financial and non-financial incentives. Ensuring adequate support and resources to execute BHWs’ duties and responsibilities as volunteer health workers can promote the effective implementation of task shifting DSME in primary care. Conclusion Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence of the acceptability of task shifting to BHWs in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study highlights the importance of institutionalizing task shifting in the health system to promote acceptance and sustainability
Community Health Workers ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Primary Health Care

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the acceptability of task shifting to volunteer barangay health workers (BHWs) in the implementation of community-based Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) in the Philippines. Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve stakeholders. The study was conducted in the urban city of Marikina which has a high prevalence of diabetes, and high death rates for diabetes and cerebrovascular disease relative to the regional and national rates. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting participants. Results: Task shifting Diabetes Self-Management Education to BHWs is generally acceptable to the participants. Expanding the roles of BHWs should be supported by adequate training, compensation, supervision, and financial and non-financial incentives. Ensuring adequate support and resources to execute BHWs’ duties and responsibilities as volunteer health workers can promote the effective implementation of task shifting DSME in primary care. Conclusion Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence of the acceptability of task shifting to BHWs in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study highlights the importance of institutionalizing task shifting in the health system to promote acceptance and sustainability.
Community Health Workers ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Primary Health Care

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Research plays an important role in generating new knowledge that could improve health outcomes when translated into action. As such, there must exist a supportive research policy environment that facilitates the provision of necessary resources and sustainably ensures an appropriate number of skilled researchers buttressed by institutions. These, in turn, are envisioned to provide facilities, information systems, financial grants, and avenues for career development and collaboration. This study aims to analyze factors in the current policy environment that makes health research possible in the Philippines.

METHODS: Qualitative exploratory design was used to characterize the Philippine health research environment. Guided by Adamchak's framework on policy environment, a content review of 39 policy documents (1991 to 2018) by the four core agencies of the Philippine National Health Research System was conducted. Seven elements of the policy environment were described.

RESULTS: The policies analyzed in this study mainly addressed the legal, political, cultural, economic, and ecological elements of the policy environment. Policies that support the demographic and technological elements are lacking, in that these leave out details that are essential for capacity building and use of research output. A cross-cutting effort to resolve gaps may be necessary.

CONCLUSION: Several factors continuously affect the environment in which policy is developed. There is room for improvement in terms of showcasing the government's regulatory quality and independence from political pressure. Equal attention must also be paid to human capital development, innovation partnerships, and mechanisms to improve knowledge impact, absorption, and utilization.

Background: The enactment of the Philippine Universal Health Care (UHC) Act mandates the formation of Integrated Health Care Provider Networks (IHCPN), linking hospitals and health facilities, which includes government and privately-owned primary care providers. While hospitals and some health facilities are already under government regulation, primary care providers have not been subjected to formal licensing requirements. In this changing service delivery model, the possible impact of three regulatory policy options being considered need to be assessed according to the goal of ensuring that health services remain affordable and are of high quality. Methodology: A multi-method approach to regulatory impact analysis (RIA) systematically assessed three regulatory options: 1) one Department of Health (DOH) license per hospital and health facility (status quo); 2) one DOH license for all public hospitals and health facilities within an IHCPN and another for individual private hospitals and health facilities; and 3) one DOH license per individual hospital and health facility, and one DOH certification issued to individual hospitals and health facilities as part of an IHCPN. Information from literature, documents, focus group discussions, and cost analyses were triangulated. Results: Regulators are faced with two main risks: there is no standard for networked health care delivery that could provide a foundation for regulation, and provider participation is voluntary, which could lower the interest of private providers to integrate. The three regulatory options considered these risks. Option 1 requires the least change in regulatory policy, but is expected to increase costs to regulators due to the expansion of licensing and enforcement work covering primary care providers. Option 2 requires the most change in regulatory policy, but may be the least expensive to enforce, especially if all facilities join a network. This can also be preferred in a setting with existing interlocal health zones, and participation in the network by private providers poses the most challenge. Option 3 is a tiered regulatory set up that projects the highest cost to regulators as a result of both establishing new certification standards and guidelines on top of a wider scope for enforcement. Conclusion This is the first RIA conducted for the Philippine health system, with challenges similar to those experienced in developing countries. Across the three pre-determined regulatory models, the least costly option may not be the easiest to mount and enforce. Implementability appears to be a stronger consideration which seems to be hinged to the option requiring incremental rather than large form of changes.
Philippines ;