BACKGROUND China is the most populated country and the second economic entity worldwide. Hong Kong and Shenzhen are two adjacent cities in southern China, with similar environmental, cultural, ethnic groups, and economic development. They both have a very interesting turning point in their destiny, leading to a miraculous economic development. However, their government structure and health care system are totally different.[1] This is a vivid example of Deng Xiaoping's formulation of the principle of "one country, two systems".