ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of antisocial personality disorder(ASPD) and infancy abuse.MethodsWith prospectively longitudinal research design,76 samples at infancy were initially recruited.Infancy abuse was measured by Child Protective Service records and reconfirmed by one hour family interview.56 remained samples at young adulthood were measured for antisocial personality disorder,depression,and substance abuse by utilizing Structured Clinical Interview-Ⅰ/Ⅱ (SCID-Ⅰ/Ⅱ) of DSM-Ⅳ.Longitudinal data was analyzed by multiple imputation and hierarchal regression.Results 33.9％ samples met at least one item of ASPD,38.0％ were diagnosed with substance abuse and 32.4％ with depression.Gender was correlated with ASPD symptoms (F=1.40,P =0.001 ).Infancy abuse significantly predicted ASPD (β =0.28,P=0.03 ).Further analysis demonstrated that infancy abuse was associated with ASPD with controlling substance abuse and depression (β =0.19,P =0.04 ).ConclusionInfancy abuse,with fundamental long-term effects on personality,is a risk factor for the etiology of antisocial personality disorder.The underlying mechanism might involve biological alternations.It is necessary to establish national early-life abuse monitoring and prevention system.