Background: Anesthesiologists being under high pressure and in a stressful environment may predispose to poor pre-induction preparation. The pre-induction period was identified to be a circumstance where medical errors occur. Thus, routine use of checklists is implemented to prevent these. Methods: A Pre-Anesthesic Induction Checklist was formulated and validated by the members of Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine staff. The study was designed as a pragmatic trial, quality improvement, and quasi-experimental conducted in the hospital's main operating room in a simulated setting. The participants included sixteen (16) anesthesiology residents who were divided into two groups, without a checklist and with a checklist, with an equal number of residents per year level who underwent eight simulated general anesthesia induction set-ups each. Results: The checklist was used in 64 out of 128 simulations. The group with the checklist had an average completeness score of 95.26% and an average duration of 7.06 minutes compared to the group without the checklist, which had an average score of 70.81% and an average time of 8.75 minutes. Thus, there is an average 24.45% decrease in missed steps and an average 1.69-minute decrease in preparation duration among the residents who used the checklist. In the 128 simulations done, the most common actions and items missed of >20% are the following: Succinylcholine (67.97%), laryngeal mask airways (62.50%), confirmation of identifying factors of patients (55.47%), checking of vaporizer (42.97%), checking of sodasorb (36.72%), checking of breathing circuit (30.47%), video laryngoscope (26.56%), and suction (25.00%). Conclusion The mean total duration of preparation and mean completeness score between with checklist and without checklist groups are significantly different, both having a p-value of <0.0001. The Pre-Anesthetic Induction Checklist significantly reduced the number of missed steps and the duration of preparation time of a simulated pre-anesthesia induction period.
Checklist ; Anesthesia, General

Introduction: The researchers aimed to determine the efficacy of tea tree oil in comparison to benzoyl peroxide in treating mild acne. This study also aimed to identify the side effects of both treatment modalities. Methods: Using a randomized single blinded controlled clinical trial, teenagers and young adults with mild acne vulgaris were allocated to receive tea tree oil gel or benzoyl peroxide for four weeks. The effectiveness of the agents was measured using the Investigator's Global Assessment Scale. Posttreatment scores were compared with the baseline within groups. The difference was compared between the two study arms. Adverse reactions to the two agents were also noted. Results : Both tea tree oil and benzoyl peroxide groups showed a significant decrease in the posttreatment lesion counts compared to the baseline, however when the mean differences were compared between groups, the difference was not significant. Conclusion Tea tree oil is comparable to benzoyl peroxide in treating mild acne vulgaris among teenagers and young adults.
Tea Tree Oil ; Benzoyl Peroxide