OBJECTIVETo examine the plasma lipid level and distribution of dyslipidemia in workers of Chongqing enterprises and institutions.

METHODSBy using cluster sampling method, 20 000 workers of Chongqing enterprises and institutions aged 18 to 60 were selected as target population from January to October, 2009. We conducted questionnaire survey, physical and laboratory examinations including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Workers were divided into 18 - 29 years old group, 30 - 39 years old group, 40 - 49 years old group and 50 - 60 years old group. Characteristic and distribution of dyslipidemia were analyzed.

RESULTSTotal cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly different in various age group (all P < 0.01). TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in the 30 years and over groups were all significantly higher than in the under 30 years old group(all P < 0.01). The TG levels in the 40 - 49 years old group and the 50 - 60 years old group were similar (P > 0.05). After adjusting for age, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in males were all significantly higher than in females (all P < 0.01). The incidence of dyslipidemia in this population was 35.01% and significantly higher in males than that of females (58.27% vs. 11.01%, P < 0.01). The incidence of dyslipidemia increased with aging (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in Chongqing enterprises and institutions. The incidence of dyslipidemia is higher in males than in females and higher among the 30 years and over workers than that of under 30 years old workers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo study an application of a method of improving the quality of sampling in review to determine the light areas of endemic fluorosis(referred to as endemic fluorosis) in quality control. Methods Of 15 light endemic fluorosis township(town), six were randomly sampled, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 22 village primary school children aged 8 to 12 were reviewed to determine the improved quality of sampling in Xuyong county Sichuan province. ResultsSix townships(towns) were selected by simple random sampling from 15 endemic fluorosis townships(towns) for review inspection in Xuyong country. A total of 22 villages were verified, accounting for 22.7％ of the total 97 villages verified. Of the 416 children for review inspection of dental fluorosis, 383 children were positive. The consistent rate of children' s dental fluorosis was 92.07％, and the verification to be slight villages was up to 21 endemic villages, accounting for 95.45％. ConclusionsThe application of a method of improving the quality of sampling can improve the efficiency of quality control, and improve the accuracy. It is a novel quality control method.

OBJECTIVETo detect central obesity and related adverse cardiovascular disease risk factors by waist-to-height ratio (WHR) among normal weight adults in Chongqing area.

METHODSA total of 20 000 participants aged 18 - 59 from one hour economic cycle of Chongqing area were selected by group sampling method. We measured the height, waist circumference (WC), body weight, blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar. Body Mass Index (BMI) and WHR were computed. We analyzed the differences of the correlated indexes between non-central obesity group (WHR < 0.5) and central obesity group (WHR ≥ 0.5) of those had normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI (kg/m(2)) < 24). And we used logistic regression method to analyze the relation between central obesity and related adverse cardiovascular risk factors.

RESULTSAmong 11 612 normal weight subjects, 1801 (15.51%) participants were normal weight central obesity. Of non-central obesity group and central obesity group, the levels of waist WC were (73.71 ± 5.91) and (84.47 ± 4.58) cm (F = 328.74, P < 0.01); diastolic blood pressure levels were (72.85 ± 10.30) and (78.22 ± 11.90) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, F = 23.62, P < 0.01); triglyceride levels were (1.22 ± 0.95), (1.97 ± 1.91) mmol/L (F = 114.70, P < 0.01); total cholesterol levels were (4.66 ± 0.84) and (5.04 ± 0.92) mmol/L (F = 13.10, P < 0.01); high density lipoprotein levels were (1.41 ± 0.31), (1.25 ± 0.29) mmol/L (F = 29.44, P < 0.01); low density lipoprotein levels were (2.65 ± 0.74) and (3.03 ± 0.77) mmol/L (F = 9.98, P < 0.01); glycemia levels were (4.94 ± 0.82) and (5.25 ± 1.37) mmol/L (F = 47.21, P < 0.01). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed the central obesity normal weight group was 1.28 (1.02 - 1.60), 1.49 (1.20 - 1.84), 2.24 (1.92 - 2.60), 1.77 (1.53 - 2.05), 1.58 (1.15 - 2.16) and 1.31 (1.06 - 1.63) times more likely than the normal group to have significantly elevated levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and blood glucose.

CONCLUSIONWHR can effectively reflect the normal weight central obesity and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease;the adverse cardiovascular disease risk was high among normal weight central obesity adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the influencing factors on behavior related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers under Structural Equation Model (SEM).Methods In Chongqing,Sichuan,Guangxi,Xinjiang provinces,1613 female commercial sex workers were participated in a questionnaire survey.Factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers were analyzed based on SEM.Results Influencing factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers would include social status,knowledge on AIDS,risk through self-evaluation,condom use,frequency of sexual services etc.GFI,AGFI,RMR were 0.9952,0.9898 and 0.0115 respectively.Conclusion Social status,knowledge on AIDS,risk through self-evaluation,condom use and frequency of sexual services were affecting the behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers.