BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A has been applied to treat muscular convulsion by local injection and shows obvious effects in reducing muscular hypertonia with fewer side effects.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of botulinum toxin A on Meige's syndrome concerning facial convulsion, therapeutic effect, and side effects.DESIGN: Randomized self-control clinical study.SETTING: Neurological Department of Southwest Hospital Affiliated to the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Between June 2000 and May 2003, 24 outpatients were confirmed of having Meige's syndrome at the Neurological Department of Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and volunteered to receive botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection. Meige's syndrome was presented by convulsive eyelid closure in 10 cases, grinding teeth and smacking movement in 3 cases, involuntary blinking in 2 cases,frowning in 1 case, and mixed manifestations in 8 cases.METHODS: Totally 24 patients with Meige's syndrome were subjected to BTA injection at multiple spots of convulsive muscles by dosage of 2.5-5 U in each spot. Improvement of facial convulsion and curative effects were assessed at least once by clinical examination or telephone follow-up. Convulsion was graded in four degrees according to Cohen's scaling standard.Curative effects: [1] Complete alleviation: Convulsion was reduced to grade 0. [2] Obvious alleviation: Convulsion dropped by more than two grades. [3]Partial alleviation: Convulsion dropped by one grade. [4] Ineffective: Convulsion was not attenuated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Changes of muscular convulsion intensity after BTA injection in patients with Meige's syndrome; [2] improvement of various symptoms after BTA injection; [3] side effects of BTA.RESULTS: Totally 24 patients entered the result analysis. [1] Before treatment, there were one case of grade 0- Ⅰ, 7 cases of grade Ⅱ, 10 cases of grade Ⅲ and 6 cases of grade Ⅳ, as compared to 16, 6, 2 and 0 cases, respectively, after treatment (χ2 = 95.489 4, P = 7.313 41×10-10). [2] BTA could alleviate eyelid convulsion in an average of 3 days, with curative effect reaching the peak in 2 weeks. Symptoms were found to be completely alleviated in 75% (18/24), obviously alleviated in 17% (4/24) and partially alleviated in 8% (2/24), with the total efficiency of 100%. The effective duration was 8-44 weeks with the average of 24.4 weeks. [3] Muscle weakness at the injected spot and incomplete muscular paralysis at the uninjected spots occurred for a short time after injection, but were alleviated automatically within 1-8 weeks.CONCLUSION: BTA can obviously reduce convulsive degree and enhance the effects in treating Meige's syndrome; moreover, selection of muscles to be injected into and injection spots will help reduce side effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of medical image-three dimensional visible system (MI-3DVS) in percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy lithotripsy (PTCSL) for the treatment of hepatolithiasis.Methods The clinical data of 66 patients with hepatolithiasis (55 were from the First People's Hospital of Shunde City and 11 were from the Zhujiang Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed.The images of computed tomography were three-dimensionally reconstructed with MI-3DVS.The location,number,size,shape of the stones were figured out,and the operation strategies of PTCSL were designed according to the types of the disease.The clinical value of MI-3DVS was evaluated according to the operation results and postoperative recovery of patients.All the patients were followed up via telephone or out-patient re-examination.Results Liver,biliary system,stones and blood vessels were three-dimensionally reconstructed with the MI-3 DVS,and the size,number,shape,location of the stones and location,degree,length of the biliary stricture and its anatomical relationship with adjacent blood vessels were clearly displayed.The coincidence rate of planned and actual operations was 95.5％ (63/66).The mean operation time,intraoperative blood loss,rate of stone clearance,complication rate and duration of hospital stay of 63 patients were (117 ± 9) minutes,(18 ± 1) ml,92.4％ (61/66),6.1％ (4/66) and (15 ± 4) days,respectively.All the patients were followed up till September 2012,the median survival time was 16 months (range,1-69 months),and the recurrence rate of hepatolithiasis was 9.1％ (6/66).One patient died of tumor metastasis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome postoperatively.Conclusion MI-3DVS could effectively improve the safety and efficiency of PTCSL for patients with hepatolithiasis.

Objective To observe the effect of ecdysterone(EDS)on the level of VEGF protein in the brain,angiogenesis and neurologic function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Rat with focal cerebral ischemia were established by occluding their middle cerebral artery.The established rats(n=36)were randomly and equally divided into EDS treatment group and ischemia group.EDS(20 mg?kg-1?d-1 for 7 d)was intraperitoneally injected into the rats of EDS treatment group 2 h after operation,and the animal of ischemia group received an intraperitoneal injection of the same solvent as in EDS group.Another 6 rats served as normal control.Rats were sacrificed in 7,14 and 21 d after operation,and the VEGF protein level and microvessel density(MVD)was detected with immunohistochemical methods and analyzed quantitatively with image system.Effect of EDS on neurologic recovery following brain ischemia were assessed using the neurologic severity scores(NSS).Results VEGF expression was not seen in normal control,and was higher in ischemia group than in the EDS treatment group at day 7 and 14,but the significant difference was only observed at day 7(P

The factors for the undergraduate thesis design in biomedical engineering specialty were analyzed from the as-pects of tutor, student and administration, and some suggestions were proposed accordingly to enhance the undergraduate thesis design in biomedical engineering specialty.

Objective To develop a ribbed,oxygen-enriched and inflatable tent to fulfill the requirements for mobile enriched oxygen supply under plateau conditions.Methods The tent was developed with ribbed skeleton,PVC material,nested structure,buffer door,channel for fresh air dispersion,exhaust recovery pipeline and etc,and the self-developed plateau oxygen enrichers were involved in to establish a mobile oxygen-enriched room.The enrichers were divided into four grades of 20,50,70 and 100 m3/h,which were used to execute 8-h oxygen-enriched fresh air dispersion in the tent.The change curves of the fractions for oxygen and carbon dioxide were compared and analyzed at 5 disperse points in the tent.Results Optimal effect was acquired with 20 m3/h oxygen enricher,the oxygen concentration reached 27％ in the tent after 8-h dispersion,while the carbon dioxide fraction was 1 800 ppm (1 ppm=l×l0-6) and it took 3-h to raise oxygen concentration to 25％.Conclusion The tent combined with 20 m3/h oxygen enricher decreases the equivalent altitude from 5 000 m to less than 3 000 m,and is hopeful to be spreaded in the plateau troops after improvement.

Objective: In order to understand temporal and spatial distributions of alternating electromagnetic field (AEMF) of a coil thoroughly, the 3-D finite-element models of this kind of Biomagnetic Fields are established and analyzed for the research on bioeffect of magnetic field on microcirculation. Methods: Designing CAD models, setting boundary conditions, meshing models and obtaining numerical solutions were completed all within Comsol Multiphysics in terms of the theory of electromagnetic field. Results: Axial and radial plot of spatial attenuation rate of the AEMF, which were accordance with measured data, were simulated while the temporal and spatial distributions of AEMF were acquired. Conclusion: Models of 3-D finite-element of this kind of biomagnetic fields which appeared to exactly simulate the real magnetic field were first established systematically, and solved the placing problem of magnetic fields for the research on bioeffect of magnetic field on microcirculation and provided platforms for the simulation of hemodynamic of blood flow in the magnetic field.

Objective To design a test phantom for clinical routine quality control of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods The commonly used phantom such as Magphan SMR170 and Victoreen 76-903 were used for experiments with the same parameters,and the test data of all the modules were compared.The advantages and disadvantages of all the modules were analyzed,and an optimization scheme was proposed accordingly.Results The phantom could be applied to the detection of high-image-quality MRI machine,and solved the problems in positioning,size matching and etc.Conclusion The new phantom meets the demand of magnetic resonance imaging clinical routine testing,and provides a certain reference for phantom optimization design.

Objective: Through statistical analysis of drug resistance and homology of Acinetobacter baumannii in geriatric department of our hospital, we can provide evidence for clinical experience in antibiotics use and nosocomial infection control. Methods: The drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the elderly rehabilitation department in Ningbo Kangning Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 was analyzed by retrospective analysis.The homology of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical isolates was detected by PCR ERIC-PCR method and agarose gel electrophoresis method. Results: The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 41.6% and 35.4%, respectively.The resistance rates to cefepime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were 40.3%, 38.9% and 36.7%, respectively.The resistance rate to imipenem was 38.9%, and the sensitivity rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam, gentamicin and tobramycin were all over 70%.A total of 226 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were genotyped by ERIC-PCR.They were mainly classified into A, B, C, D and E 5 types.Among them, 116 strains were type A, 68 strains were type B, 26 strains were type C, 8 strains were type D and E. Conclusion The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to some antibiotics in geriatric rehabilitation department is still at a high level, so we should continue to strengthen the rational use of antibiotics; at the same time, the strains are highly homologous, and there is likely to be clonal transmission in the department, so we should take more effective measures to prevent and control its transmission in hospital.

English for science and technology (EST) is the language medium for academic communication among scientists and technologists. The expression of EST is characterized by concise-ness, correctness, objectiveness and understandability. The EST course is regarded as a key process for the undergraduate students to reinforce the English foundation and improve the capacity of English application after their College English study. In this paper, the authors introduced an interest-motivated, output-dominated, snowballing and interactive teaching strategy, according to the accumulated experi-ence of EST teaching in the past few years coupled with the unique medicine-engineering combined characteristics for the major of biomedical engineering.

Objective To develop a novel stress fracture animal model system based on dynamic cyclic mechanical loading.Methods Ulnae and tibiae of rats were respectively fixed using differently shaped fixtures (including a fixed holder and a movable holder).The axial mechanical loading was applied via a linear actuator based on LabVIEW control program.During the loading process,a load cell and a laser displacement transducer were used to detect the force and displacement changes in the limbs,respectively.The two signals were sampled at real time by PC-based LabVIEW data acquisition program.A compressive loading test (peak force of 50 N) was conducted to examine the consistency and reliability of cyclic loads after completing the loading system.The loading system and an ElectroForce 3220 mechanical testing machine were respectively used to measure and compare the Young's modulus of a standard ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)cylinder to calibrate the loading system.Results The compressive loading test (peak force of 50 N) demonstrated that the mechanical loading system was able to apply consistent loads with controllable intensity and time.The calibration experiment indicated the accuracy of the loading system.Conclusion The novel mechanical loading device has characteristics of precision,scientificity and reliability,and it is approaching the real development situation of stress fracture,which may provide a reliable experimental base for exploring the precautionary measures of stress fracture.