0.05).IGF-Ⅰlevel in the serum in carnosine group increased significantly(P

Objective: To investigate the ictal epileptic activation using simultaneous electroencephalogram functional MRI(EEG-fMRI),and to study the neural mechanism and the roles of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures in the generation and propagation of the epileptic activity.Methods: A patient with partial epilepsy was retrospectively found to have slight seizures during the simultaneous EEG-fMRI examination.Two sessions of the ictal functional MRI data were processed and analyzed using the general-linear model.Results: Consistent activation patterns were obtained from the two sessions of data.The positive activation was found over the bilateral parietal lobes,insula cortex,bilateral striatum,thalamus and some nuclei of the brain stem,as well as over the vermis and right cerebellar hemisphere.The maximum intensity point was in the left parietal lobe.Conclusion: The seizure activation is originated from the cerebral cortex,and then propagates through the reciprocal circuits made up of the cortex and the subcortical structures.The cerebral cortex and the brain stem reticular formation are the main structures that propagate the seizure to contralateral hemisphere.The subcortical structures play important roles in the seizure propagation and seizure manifestation.

Objective To establish a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by transplanting tumor tissue mass into the rabbit's liver,to analyze and observe the growing features of the liver tumor.Methods The tumor tissue mass(about 106-108 VX2 liver tumor cells)was inoculated into the left hepatic labe in 20 rabbits to establish rabbit VX-2 hepatic carcinoma model.The observation included the following two respects.(1)The tumor's volume at 7,10,14,17 and 21 days after the procedure was measured by ultrasonography and the growth rate of tumor was calculated.(2)The morphological feature of the tumor was inspected both macroscopically and microscopically.Results The growing pattern of the tumor was compatible with the exponential curve.Seventeen days after transplantation the increase rate of the tumor volume was much higher than that of the tumor diameter. Histopathologjcally,the growing pattern of the tumor took the form of infiltrative way,with its appearance being quite similar to the VX2 squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Transplantation of tumor tissue mass is the technique of first choice to establish the VX2 liver carcinoma model in rabbits.This experimental model is a very ideal animal form for both clinical and fundamental studies of liver carcinoma.

Objective To establish a suitable and stable metastatic rabbit VX2 liver tumor model for the use in experimental study,to discuss the successful rate of different tumor transplanting methods,and to analyze the digital subtract angiography(DSA)imagining features of the transplanted liver tumor.Methods Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups with 20 rabbits in each group.For the rabbits of two groups,receiving injection methods and used as control groups,VX2 carcinoma particle(containing about 5×107 carcinoma cells) was inoculated into the left hepatic lobe through injection via hepatic artery or through direct injection with a syringe needle.For the rabbits in the retrofit group tumor tissue particle(containing about 106-108 carcinoma cells)was directly transplanted into liver through puncturing of the Glisson's capsule.The observation included the following two respects. (1)The tumor's survival rate of the three groups was evaluated.(2)The DSA imaging feature of the transplanted tumor was observed.Results The survival rate of the transplanted tumor in three groups was 7/20,10/20 and 19/20 respectively,with the survival rate of the retrofit group being the highest in 3 groups(P＜0.05).On DSA the transplanted tumors were rich in blood supplying.Conclusion For the establishment of rabbit VX2 liver carcinoma model,the direct transplantation of the tumor tissue particle is obviously superior to the injection method(direct injection or through hepatic arterial injection)in obtaining higher successful rate.This technique provides clinical and fundamental liver cancer studies with a reliable,stable and mature tumor animal model.

Objective To develop a simple and effective method for monitoring cortical ischemia after temporary occlusion of the parent arteries during anterior circulation intracranial aneurysm surgery. Methods Fifty-two patients with anterior circulation aneurysm (58 aneurysms) received craniotomy from April to November 2008, and at the same time,cortical electroencephalograpby (EEG) and scalp EEG were monitored during the surgery.According to the international 10/20 electrode placement system, scalp electrodes were placed on O1, O2, P3, P4, T5, and T6 for monitoring the changes in the depth of anesthesia. A cortical strip electrode was placed on the cortical surface supplied by the artery that was possibly blocked during the operation, which was used to monitor the possible cortical ischemia. For patients who had cortical EEG suppression after the temporary occlusion of the parent arteries Were compared with the changes of scalp EEG. Whether there were ischemic events in the corresponding supply territory after vascular occlusion were observed after surgery. Results Of the 58 aneurysms, 40 aneurysms and 41 major arteries were occluded temporarily. After being occluded temporarily in 19 arteries of 18 patients, cortical EEG changed significantly,while scalp EEG did not change significantly. Only 9 patients had ischemic events in the corresponding supply territories after the occlusion in the cortical EEG significant change group. The changes in the depth of anesthesia had the consistent impact on cortical and scalp EEG. Conelusions Simultaneous monitoring of cortical and scalp EEG is a simple and effective method for monitoring cortical ischemia during anterior circulation intracranial aneurysm surgery, and may effectively identify the effect of anesthesia on EEG.

Objective To investigate the effect of lentivirus carrying shRNA-VDR vector on GLi1 in pros-tate cancer PC-3 cells. Methods The cells were cultured according to the culture conditions of PC-3 cells. Expression of VDR and GLi1 in PC-3 cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry SP method.The efficiency of PC-3 cell virus infection was evaluated.The effect of VDR gene interference and GLi1 transcription level on PC-3 cells was detected by RT-PCR.Results Cell culture,cell status was recorded and PC-3 cells were in good condition and the passages was 4 days. Fluorescence quantitative and immunocytochemi-cal SP showed that VDR and GLi1 were expressed in PC-3 cells.The virus infection efficiency showed that the in-fection efficiency was about 95% when adding LV3-NC lentivirus to PC-3 cells at 1:10 ratio. RT-PCR showed that VDR-shRNA lentivirus successfully disturbed VDR expression and decreased by 85%(P < 0.05)compared with the control group after 72 days of VDR-shRNA lentivirus transfection. Transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 9% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). The transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 248% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The cultured PC-3 cells were in good condition. VDR and GLi1 genes were expressed in PC-3 cells. Lentivirus showed highest efficiency in infecting PC-3 at 1:10 ratio. When VDR was disturbed,the expression of GLi1 in-creased.In prostate cancer cells,vitamin D can inhibit the Hh signaling pathway and cause GLi1 expression down expression.

Objective:To explore the changes of brain activity in drug-resistant or drug-controlled medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients by the method of functional connectivity density (FCD), and to analyze their correlation with the course of the disease.Methods:According to the definition of drug-resistant epilepsy by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2010, 146 patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy who were clearly diagnosed as unilateral hippocampal sclerosis in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine from July 2009 to February 2019 were divided into drug control group ( n=73) and drug-resistant group ( n=73). The 3.0 T resting state functional magnetic resonance scan was performed on all subjects to compare the difference in FCD between the two groups, and calculate the correlation between the FCD value of the brain area and the course of the disease between the two groups of patients. Results:There was significant difference between the two groups in FCD. Compared with the drug control group, the drug-resistant group had significantly lower FCD values in the insula, lenticular nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus and precentral gyrus on the side of the epileptogenic focus. The FCD value of the precuneus on the side of the epileptogenic focus in the drug-resistant group was negatively correlated with the duration ( r=-0.30, P=0.01). Conclusions:The FCD of patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy was lower than that of the drug control group. In addition, there may be progressive damage to the brain. The difference is helpful for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms related to drug resistance in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, and finding reliable neuroimaging markers related to drug resistance.