Objective To establish a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by transplanting tumor tissue mass into the rabbit's liver,to analyze and observe the growing features of the liver tumor.Methods The tumor tissue mass(about 106-108 VX2 liver tumor cells)was inoculated into the left hepatic labe in 20 rabbits to establish rabbit VX-2 hepatic carcinoma model.The observation included the following two respects.(1)The tumor's volume at 7,10,14,17 and 21 days after the procedure was measured by ultrasonography and the growth rate of tumor was calculated.(2)The morphological feature of the tumor was inspected both macroscopically and microscopically.Results The growing pattern of the tumor was compatible with the exponential curve.Seventeen days after transplantation the increase rate of the tumor volume was much higher than that of the tumor diameter. Histopathologjcally,the growing pattern of the tumor took the form of infiltrative way,with its appearance being quite similar to the VX2 squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Transplantation of tumor tissue mass is the technique of first choice to establish the VX2 liver carcinoma model in rabbits.This experimental model is a very ideal animal form for both clinical and fundamental studies of liver carcinoma.

Objective To establish a suitable and stable metastatic rabbit VX2 liver tumor model for the use in experimental study,to discuss the successful rate of different tumor transplanting methods,and to analyze the digital subtract angiography(DSA)imagining features of the transplanted liver tumor.Methods Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups with 20 rabbits in each group.For the rabbits of two groups,receiving injection methods and used as control groups,VX2 carcinoma particle(containing about 5×107 carcinoma cells) was inoculated into the left hepatic lobe through injection via hepatic artery or through direct injection with a syringe needle.For the rabbits in the retrofit group tumor tissue particle(containing about 106-108 carcinoma cells)was directly transplanted into liver through puncturing of the Glisson's capsule.The observation included the following two respects. (1)The tumor's survival rate of the three groups was evaluated.(2)The DSA imaging feature of the transplanted tumor was observed.Results The survival rate of the transplanted tumor in three groups was 7/20,10/20 and 19/20 respectively,with the survival rate of the retrofit group being the highest in 3 groups(P＜0.05).On DSA the transplanted tumors were rich in blood supplying.Conclusion For the establishment of rabbit VX2 liver carcinoma model,the direct transplantation of the tumor tissue particle is obviously superior to the injection method(direct injection or through hepatic arterial injection)in obtaining higher successful rate.This technique provides clinical and fundamental liver cancer studies with a reliable,stable and mature tumor animal model.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, and the related factors in family members of schizophrenic patients in a Shanghai community. Methods: From March to May 2017, the family members of 206 schizophrenic patients registered in Xuhui district Kangjian community of Shanghai were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey. The participants were evaluated with Patient Health Questionnaire Self-rating Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and the Anxiety Screening Scale (GAD-7). The factors related to depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in the family members of schizophrenia patients were 40.3%(83/206) and 37.9%(78/206), respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the relationship with the patient, education levels were the influencing factors of depressive symptoms (χ²=17.045, 9.702; P<0.01); while age, relationship with the patient, education levels were factors related to the occurence of anxiety symptoms (χ²=11.862, 22.042, 15.060; P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the parents of patient was more prone to depressive symptoms than spouses (OR=2.861, P<0.01); higher education was more prone to be depressive than primary education (OR=10.071, P<0.01). Age group 18-40 years were more prone to anxiety than the age group ≥66 years (OR=0.060, P<0.05); sibling relationship is more prone to anxiety than spouse relationship (OR=10.018, P<0.01), followed by parental relationship (OR=7.467, P<0.01); higher education was more prone to anxiety than primary education (OR=5.119, P<0.05). Conclusions There is high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in family members of schizophrenic patients, which is related to the relationship with the patient, the education level of family members and other factors.

Objective:To explore the changes of brain activity in drug-resistant or drug-controlled medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients by the method of functional connectivity density (FCD), and to analyze their correlation with the course of the disease.Methods:According to the definition of drug-resistant epilepsy by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2010, 146 patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy who were clearly diagnosed as unilateral hippocampal sclerosis in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine from July 2009 to February 2019 were divided into drug control group ( n=73) and drug-resistant group ( n=73). The 3.0 T resting state functional magnetic resonance scan was performed on all subjects to compare the difference in FCD between the two groups, and calculate the correlation between the FCD value of the brain area and the course of the disease between the two groups of patients. Results:There was significant difference between the two groups in FCD. Compared with the drug control group, the drug-resistant group had significantly lower FCD values in the insula, lenticular nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus and precentral gyrus on the side of the epileptogenic focus. The FCD value of the precuneus on the side of the epileptogenic focus in the drug-resistant group was negatively correlated with the duration ( r=-0.30, P=0.01). Conclusions:The FCD of patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy was lower than that of the drug control group. In addition, there may be progressive damage to the brain. The difference is helpful for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms related to drug resistance in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, and finding reliable neuroimaging markers related to drug resistance.