Objective To investigate the pathogenic role of high risk HPVs and genomic integration of HPV 16/18 DNA in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) patients. Methods Hybrid Capture HPV DNA assay and PCR were performed to detect high-risk HPVs and HPV 16/18 positive samples. Then RT-PCR, nested PCR and Southern blotting analysis were used in HPV 16/18 positive samples for the amplification and analysis of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts. Results In 32 cases of VIN patients, 24(75%) high-risk HPVs were detected, 23 were HPV 16, and only 1 was HPV 18. Genomic integration of HPV 16/18 was observed in 8 cases of VIN Ⅲ (7 HPV 16 and 1 HPV 18). Except 1 case of VIN Ⅱ, 15 of 23 HPV-16 positive specimens displayed HPV16 episomal transcripts, 7 displayed integrated transcripts. Conclusions HPV 16 is positive in most cases of VIN Ⅱ and VIN Ⅲ. Integration of HPV 16/18 oncogene only occurs in VIN Ⅲ. It is concluded that the integration of high-risk HPVs oncogene is related with the occurrence, and the development to vulvar cancer, of VIN.

Ninety normal subjects were determined by the respofnse of the skin to sunlight, and were classified as sun--reactive skin types of Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ,most of them were type Ⅳ (80. 11 % ),to the next were types Ⅴ and Ⅲ. The minimal erythema dose (MED) to UVB and UVA,and the immediate pigment darkening reaction(IPD) to UVA radiation were measured for each type. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the MED UVB and MED- UVA (r= 0. 47d, P＜O. 001 ). The mean IPDUVA was significantly lower than the mean MED--UVA. Both mean MED--UVB and MED--UVA were significantly higher among the subjects in this study in comparison with the English people with skin types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The validity of sun--reactive skin type in the study on photosensitive skin diseases and phototherapy is discussed.

Objective To investigate if corticosteroid could influence periphe ral blood CD3＋、 CD4＋ and CD8＋ cells in secondary syphilis and the prognosis of syphilis. Methods CD3＋、 CD4＋、 CD8＋ cells were detected in 11 patients wh o took corticosteroid and 20 patients who did not. The effects on the therapeuti c effect of lesions were observed. Results The levels of CD3＋ and CD4＋ in peri pheral blood were significantly lower in corticosteroid group than those in cont rols. The proportion of patients whose RPR test turned to negative and lesions c ured was significantly lower in corticosteroid group than those in controls with in the first three months after treatment. Conclusion Corticosteroid administrat ion decreases the levels of CD3＋ and CD4＋ in secondary syphilis and therefore influence the prognosis of syphilis.

PurposeTo evaluate HBV and HCV infection among high risk sexual behavior group and the relationship between them. Methods173 cases were investigated at the STD outpatient departnent of Huashan Hospital. The questionarie measured sexual risk factors including age, the number of lifetime sex partners, the number of sex partners in recent three months, the age of first intercourse, the history of STD, the style of sexual behavior. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by PCR. Patients who had past history of drug abuse or blood transfusion were excluded. ResultsHCV positive rate was higher in high risk group, especially in STD patients, and was positively related with STD history. Having sexual intercourse more than four partners in the last three months is the risk factor in getting HBV or HCV infection HBV and HCV infection are most commonly seen in syphilis people. Conclusions HCV infection is more oftenly seen among STD patients and people with multiple sex partners. Thus the sexual behavior way may play an important role in the transmission of HBV and HCV.

Objective To investigate the association of HLA class Ⅱ genes and vitiligo in the eastern China Han nationality. Methods Ninety-eight patients with vitiligo and 150 healthy controls were studied for HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 locus alleles by PCR-SSOP typing. Results The frequency of HLA-DQA1*03 increased significantly (Pc = 0.008) and DQA1*05 decreased significantly (Pc = 0.016) in the patients with vitiligo. Conclusions The results suggest that there exists a correlation between HLA class Ⅱ genes and vitiligo, and DQA1*03 allele may be a susceptible gene or have a close linkage with susceptible genes, while DQA1*05 allele may be a protective gene in the eastern China Han nationality.

Objective To establish a method of murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) combined with measurement of ear swelling for the identification of photosensitive agents. Methods The female BALB/c mice received test chemicals or vehicle alone on the back skin of both ears and then were exposed to UVA irradiation on three consecutive days. The post-auricular lymph nodes draining the ear tissue were excised 24 h following the last irradiation. Lymph node cell counts and lymphocyte proliferative rates were determined, which indicated lymph node hyperplasia. While ear swelling was also measured, to reveal skin irritating reactions. Some cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2 and IL-4) released by the draining lymph node were also analyzed by ELISA. Results Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, a strong photoallergen, caused lymph node hyperplasia without ear swelling. The mild photoallergen (6-methylcoumarin) showed neither lymph node proliferation nor ear swelling reactions. But 8-methoxypsoralen, a phototoxic substance, induced both lymph node hyperplasia and ear swelling. The level of IL-4 was significantly increased when the mice were previously sensitized with tetrachlorosalicylanilide (P

Objective To investigate the expression of Th1/Th2 cytoki nes in early symptomatic syphilitic lesions and its relationship with the sero-c onversion of RPR test in patients with syphilis. Methods The expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in lesions from 30 patients with early symptomatic syphilis was i mmunohistochemically detected with ABC method. The serum titers of RPR test in t hese patients were measured in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after routine benzathine penicillin treatment. Results Among 10 cases of primary syphilis, the express ion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the lesions was found in 9 cases, while onl y Th1 cytokine expression was observed in the remainder case; and the sero-conve rsion of RPR test occurred in all 10 cases during the follow-up period. Among 20 cases of secondary syphilis, Th1/Th2 cytokines expressed in the lesions in 16 c ases, and only Th2 cytokines expressed in 4 cases; and the sero-conversion of RP R test was found in 12 cases during the follow-up period. The expression of Th1 cytokines in early syphilitic lesions was positively correlated with the sero-co nversion of RPR test. The higher the expression of IFN- the more likely the s ero-conversion of RPR test. Conclusion The early activation and persistence of the expression of Th1 cytokines may play an important role in the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To determine the effects of tempol(a nitroxide), in the exposure of ultraviolet-B (UVB), on cell proliferation, superoxide enzyme (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,MMP-3 in human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. Methods Fibroblasts were irradiated by a single exposure of 36 seconds to 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB and at the same time incubated with, or without, tempol and detected twenty-four hours later. SOD activity and lipid peroxidation,as shown by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by biochemical assay. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 (mRNA level) were examined by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB significantly inhibited cell proliferation rate to (84?8)% (P

Objective To investigate the p53 gene mutations in Chinese patients with epithelial skin cancers. Methods Biopsies of 22 squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and 18 basal cell carcinoma(BCC)were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) and DNA sequencing for alterations in the exons 5～8 of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Results p53 gene mutations were found in 32.5%(13/40)of tumor tissues and 92.3%(12/13) of the mutations occurred at sun exposed areas. 36.4%(8/22)of SCC tissues and 27.8%(5/18) of BCC tissues presented p53 gene mutations. Of the 13 mutations within the exons examined, 76.9%(10/13) were missense mutations and 23.1%(3/13) were nonsense mutations. Twelve of the 13 mutations were of single nucleotide substitutions. Six of the 13 mutations involved dipyrimidine sites, where a C was replaced by a T or CC was replaced by TT(five C→T transitions and one CC→TT transition). Conclusion Ultraviolet(UV) radiation might be related to the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Mutations of p53 gene caused by solar UV might play a significant role in UV tumorigenesis, although other carcinogens might also be involved.

Objective To investigate the optimal regimen of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD),and to analyze factors influencing treatment compliance.Methods Demographic data,results of photobiological tests,treatment parameters and clinical responses were collected from CAD patients who received NB-UVB phototherapy in Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from January 2008 to June 2015,and were reviewed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was done by using two independent samples t-test and chi-square test with SAS9.3 software to compare the clinical data between patients who completed and did not complete the NB-UVB phototherapy.Results A total of 79 CAD patients with Fitzpatrick skin type Ⅳ received NB-UVB phototherapy.Of these patients,61 (77％) completed the whole treatment,while 18 (23％) dropped out because of intolerance to the NB-UVB radiation.Among the 61 patients who completed the treatment,the average initial,final and cumulative radiation doses of NB-UVB were (0.08 ± 0.01) J/cm2,(0.32 ± 0.08) J/cm2and (5.9 ± 2.5) J respectively,and patients received (28 ± 8) times of treatment in average.When the radiation dose went up to 0.30 J/cm2,most skin lesions were cleared in 52 (85％) patients.A total of 19patients received phototesting again after the end of phototherapy.Among 16 patients sensitive to ultraviolet A (UVA) before the treatment,6 had normal minimal erythema dose to UVA (UVA-MED),and another 6 had improved UVA-MED after the treatment.Among 16 patients sensitive to UVB before the treatment,11 got normal UVB-MED and another 3 had improved UVB-MED after the treatment.Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender,age,duration of the disease,sensitivity to UVA and UVB radiation,results of photopatch test and patch test between the patients who completed and did not complete the treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The appropriate NB-UVB phototherapy for CAD patients should start at an initial radiation dose of 0.08 J/cm2 in spring and end at a final radiation dose of 0.30 J/cm2 for about 28 sessions,which can effectively reduce the photosensitivity to both UVA and UVB in CAD patients.Additionally,NB-UVB phototherapy can be applied in CAD patients of different gender,age,disease duration and photosensitive condition.