Objective To investigate the college students′understanding of antimicrobial agents knowledge in two colleges of Huainan and provide a scientific basis to further conduct the health education of rational use of anti -microbial drugs among college students .Methods The antimicrobial perception of 2 college students with 10 differ-ent majors were investigated by cluster-sampled with the questionnaires designed by the authors .Results The correct answer rate of antimicrobial agents knowledge was 61.7%in overall college students ,72.3%in pharmaceutical pro-fessional class students,53.4%in non-medical specialty,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In lower grade students,the rate was 57.2%and 68.1%in high school students.Also the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The rate of students who use antimicrobial drugs without guidance reached 84.1%,the rate in pharmaceutical professional class students (88.6%) was higher than that in non-medical professional class students (80.6%) (P<0.01).Conclusion College students are not sufficiently aware of using antibiotics reasonably and adverse reaction .Consequently ,related publicity and education should be strengthened in various forms to improve lev-el of using antibiotics reasonably among college students .

PurposeDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can significantly improve the diagnosis of non-enlarged lymph node metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the DWI findings and the prognosis, and to identify prognostic factors.Materials and Methods Forty-seven patients with colorectal cancer underwent MRI scan including DWI sequence before surgery. Imaging ifndings were compared with the pathologic results to determine the metastatic lymph nodes (DWI positive) or non-metastatic lymph nodes (DWI negative). Postoperative disease-free survival and overall survival for 5 years of the patients with DWI positive and DWI negative lymph nodes were compared. Correlation between the prognosis and the related factors were investigated including regional DWI-positive lymph nodes, short axis diameter and long axis diameter of the largest DWI-positive lymph node, and number of DWI-positive nodes.Results Of 47 patients,10 (21%) patients had regional DWI-positive lymph nodes showed high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images. The patients with regional DWI negative lymph nodes had a signiifcant better ifve-year disease-free survival and overall survival (P<0.05). The short axis diameter of the largest DWI-positive lymph node was correlated with distant metastasis (AUC=0.77,P<0.05). The short axis diameter and long axis diameter of the maximum metastatic lymph nodes were correlated with overall survival (AUC=0.84 and 0.75,P<0.05). Five-year disease-free survival and overall survival of the patients with short axis diameter of the largest DWI-positive lymph node ≤9 mm were higher than the patients with lymph node short axis diameter >9 mm (P<0.05). Five-year disease-free survival and overall survival of the patients with long axis diameter of the largest DWI-positive lymph nodes ≤11 mm were higher than the patients with long axis diameter >11 mm (P<0.05). Five-year disease-free survival of the patients with all DWI positive lymph nodes resected was higher than the patient without DWI-positive lymph nodes resected (P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with regional DWI-negative lymph node had a better prognosis. Of the patients with DWI-positive lymph nodes, the patients with smaller lymph nodes have better prognosis than who have larger lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the effect of montelukast sodium chewable tablets on pulmonary function in children with allergic asthma . Methods 86 cases of children with allergic asthma were randomLy divided into 2 groups, 43 cases in the control group were treated with routine clinical treatment, 43 cases in the experiment group received more with montelukast sodium chewable tablets.Serum T lymphocyte subsets, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 concentration levels, as well as FVC, FEV1, PEF levels and clinical efficacy were compared of two groups pre-and post-treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment, Serum CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +, FVC, FEV1 and PEF levels in 2 groups increased, serum CD8 +, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-a levels decreased, compared with the control group, serum CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +, FVC, FEV1, PEF level and the effective rate in the experiment group post-treatment were higher, serum CD8 +, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-αlevels and the ineffective rate were lower, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Montelukast sodium chewable tablets can effectively improve the imbalance of immune function in children with allergic asthma , improve lung function, and has good clinical efficacy.

Cerebellum connects with each part of the auditory pathway directly or indirectly, forming the anatomical basis for a cerebellar role in auditory process. Functional imaging studies and clinical observations provide more abundant support for this view. Tinnitus is one of the most common clinical manifestations when the auditory system is impaired and remains unsolved. Basic science researches in neurotransmitter chemistry and molecular biochemistry, together with functional imaging studies, indicate that cerebellum might contribute to the pathophysiology of tinnitus. In this review we summarize the current understanding of cerebellar role in auditory process and tinnitus.
Auditory Pathways ; Cerebellum ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; physiopathology

PURPOSE: It is well known that linear growth in diabetic children is closely related to metabolic control and age of onset. Some studies showed growth retardation in diabetic children regardless of the degree of metabolic control, whereas others reported no growth impairment. Until now, no study has been done comparing linear growth between type 1 and type 2 diabetic children. Therefore, we compared the growth and weight status between type 1 and type 2 diabetic children. METHODS: 145 children with type 1 DM and 27 patients with type 2 DM were studied. Their growth status in height standard deviation score(HTSDS), obesity according to standard weight for height and body mass index(BMI), and HbA1c level at onset, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after treatment were compared. RESULTS: There was no distinct correlation in HTSDS in type 1 and type 2 DM, but in type 2 DM obesity according to standard weight for height and BMI was higher than in type 1 DM. deltaHTSDS 5 years after treatment of diabetic children with poor glycemic control were significantly decreased(P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between HbA1c and obesity according to standard weight for height and BMI. CONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between the type of diabetes and growth status, but the poor glycemic controled group showed a significant decrease in deltaHTSDS. These data suggest that the growth of diabetic children could be impaired in the case of poor glycemic control and long duration of diabetes.
Age of Onset ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Obesity

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the nasolabial angle change and the correlation analysis ot Angle'Is Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with vertical growth pattern after tooth extraction orthodontic treatment and provide experimental results to help in making orthodontic treatment plan and treatments.

METHODSA total of 38 Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with vertical growth pattern and tooth extraction orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric X-rays were performed, and 18 measurement items were measured. The change values of pre- and post-treatment, youngsters, and adults were compared to analyze the correlation of the nasolabial angle change.

RESULTSThe nasolabial angle between youngsters and adults was enlarged after treatment, but the nasolabial angle of the adult group changed more significantly. Ul to FH, Ul to NA, U1-NA, Spr-Ptm were reduced after treatment, and the adult group decreased more significantly. The upper lip sulcus and flange thickness, A'-Ptm, upper lip length, and nose prominence were enlarged after the adolescent treatment, but the adult had a certain degree of decrease. The difference had statistical significance. In the correlation of the nasolabial angle change analysis of the two groups, namely, Ul to FH, Ul-NA and U1 to NA had significant negative correlation, significant positive correlation to the upper lip inclination angle, and more significant correlation in the adult group. Upper lip flange thickness and nasolabial angle were negatively correlated, and the upper lip sulcus thickness was positively correlated. However, no significant correlation was observed between these two in the adult group.

CONCLUSIONThe nasolabial angle change of adolescents with vertical growth pattern in class II division 1 malocclusion after extraction treatment is related to the upper anterior teeth hard tissue and upper lip soft tissue, whereas only adults and upper anterior teeth hard tissue are related.

Lysozyme generally exists in animals,plants and microorganisms,and it is used as a natural anti?infection materi?al and one of the important non?specific immune factors in organisms. This paper reviews the progress of researches on its classifi?cation,gene structure and function,and expression regulation in Oncomelania hupensis,and on the factors affecting its activi?ties in recent years,in order to further discuss its distribution in O. hupensis.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) as a potential carcinogen commonly exists in traditional fermented foods. It is important eliminate urea that is the precursors of EC in many fermented foods, including Chinese Rice wine. On the basis of achieving high-level overexpression of food-grade ethanol-resistant acid urease, we studied the hydrolysis of urea and EC with the recombinant acid urease. Recombinant acid urease showed degraded urea in both the simulated system with ethanol and Chinese Rice wine (60 mg/L of urea was completely degraded within 25 h), indicating that the recombinant enzyme is suitable for the elimination of urea in Chinese Rice wine. Although recombinant acid urease also has degradation catalytic activity on EC, no obvious degradation of EC was observed. Further investigation results showed that the Km value for urea and EC of the recombinant acid urease was 0.7147 mmol/L and 41.32 mmol/L, respectively. The results provided theoretical foundation for realizing simultaneous degradation of urea and EC.
Oryza ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Urea ; chemistry ; Urease ; metabolism ; Urethane ; chemistry ; Wine ; analysis

Objective To observe the effects of telramethylpyrazine(TMP)on the splanchnic blood flow in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:telramethylpyrazine group(TMP group,n=16)and SAP group(n=16).At 12,24 hours after the induction of SAP,serum amylase was measured.The regional pancreatic blood flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound;the blood flow of portal vein,spleen artery and superior mesenteric artery were also measured.Results The level of the serum amylase was lower in the TMP group than that in the SAP group(P

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can sensitively and objectively reflect blood pressure level, which is closely related to target organ damage and disease prognosis. In hypertension, vascular endothelial damage is the most common lesion to target organs. There is little known about how ambulatory pulse pressure correlates to large artery elasticity and vascular endothelial function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes of large artery elasticity and of vascular endothelial function in patients with primary hypertension using an automatic pulse wave velocity determinator and ultrasound techniques, and to analyze the correlation of ambulatory pulse pressure to large artery elasticity and vascular endothelial function.DESIGN: A non-randomized concurrent control clinical observation. SETTING: Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Coronary Heart Disease, the 305 Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 156 inpatients and/or outpatients, who were recently confirmed with primary hypertension, were recruited for this study between June 2005 and April 2007. Patients consisted of 114 males and 42 females. All patients averaged 56 ± 4 years of age (range: 40-75). Inclusive criteria: Corresponding to diagnostic standards for preventing and treating hypertension instituted in 2004 by Chinese scholars. Confirmed as primary hypertension within 1 month. Not receiving any blood pressure lowering, hypolipidemic or nitrate-like drug treatments. Written informed consents for laboratory measurements were obtained from all subjects. The study was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. METHODS: According to the mean pulse pressure over 24 hours, all patients were assigned into 3 groups: Group A (mean pulse pressure ＜ 40 mm Hg, n=92), group B (40 mm Hg ≤ mean pulse pressure ＜ 60 mm Hg, n=39) and group C (mean pulse pressure ＞ 60 mm Hg, n=25). In each group, daytime pulse pressure and night-time pulse pressure, as well as 24-hour mean pulse pressure were measured using a non-invasive portable ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM-04, Meditech Inc, USA). Carotid-femoral and carotid-radial arterial pulse wave velocities were measured using an automatic pulse wave velocity determinator to evaluate large artery dilation. Blood flow mediated and nitroglycerin-dependent dilatation of the brachial artery was determined using a high-resolution ultrasound technique to evaluate vascular endothelial function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlations of ambulatory pulse pressure to large artery dilation and arterial endothelial function. RESULTS: All 156 patients were included in the final analysis. Correlation of ambulatory pulse pressure to large artery dilation: Carotid-femoral arterial pulse wave velocity was significantly positively correlated to daytime pulse pressure, night-time pulse pressure and 24-hour mean pulse pressure, with coefficient of partial correlation being 0.310, 0.281 and 0.303, respectively, P ＜ 0.01). There were no significant correlations of carotid-radial arterial pulse wave velocity to daytime pulse pressure, night-time pulse pressure or 24-hour pulse pressure (P ＞ 0.05). Correlation of ambulatory pulse pressure to arterial endothelial function: There was a linear relationship between ambulatory pulse pressure and blood flow-mediated blood vessel dilatation values. Linear correlation analysis was performed, taking ambulatory pulse pressure as an independent variable, and endothelial-dependent dilatation as a dependent variable. Results demonstrated that blood flow-mediated blood vessel dilatation was significantly negatively correlated to daytime pulse pressure, night-time pulse pressure and 24- hour mean pulse pressure (r = -0.684, -0.597, -0.668, P ＜ 0.01). There was no correlation of ambulatory pulse pressure to non-endothelial-dependent blood vessel dilatation. CONCLUSION: Ambulatory pulse pressure increase is closely related to large artery elasticity decrease and injury to endothelial function in patients with primary hypertension.