nitrite nitrogen(0.006?10-9/a).Conclusion The carcinogenic toxicant pollution in water collected from sampling site 2 is serious,so it is can not be used as the drinking water source.

Objective To investigate the influence of simulated heart motion on the Doppler spectrum velocity- time integral (VTI) of simulated blood flow measurements through an in vitro model. Methods Using heart-motion simulator model TD-3 designed by ourselves to note the feature of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart and simulated blood flow which moved separately and synchronously.The affection of the simulated heart's motion on the VTI of the simulated blood flow and their quantitative relationship were observed.Results When the simulated heart and blood flow moved synchronously, the VTI of the combined motion was the algebra sum of their VTI when their motion independently. The velocity and frequency of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart were unchanged. Conclusions The motion of simulated heart has a great influence on the value of Doppler blood flow spectrum VTI and this effect should be considered when blood flow volume was measured using Doppler's methods.

Objective To evaluate the nature of Doppler flow spectrum of normal lower limb venous and to assess the influence of respiratory and cardiac cycle on it. Methods The right common femoral veins of 32 healthy adults were evaluated by pulsed wave Doppler with simultaneous electrocardiogram and respiratory tracing. Results In normal respiration,the Doppler spectrum of common femoral vein was divided into three types. Type C(“C” is for cardiac) displayed a wave rhythm which shared similarity with the heart beat and consists of atrial systolic (a),systolic (s) and diastolic (d) wave. Cardiac waveforms were modulated by respiratory motion: during expiration,the velocity of s,d wave gradually increased and during inspiration gradually decreased,and a wave was on the opposite. Type R(“R” is for respiration) displayed a waveform which is in harmony with respiratory signal basically. Type CR displayed a waveform which is an integration of type C and type R. Conclusions During quiet respiration,lower limb venous Doppler flow spectrum is influenced both by respiratory and cardiac cycle. The appreciation of this phenomenon would be instructive on analyzing the Doppler spectrum of lower limb venous in normal and pathological condition.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of propofol against lung injury following ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were anesthetized with mtraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. Bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed for occlusion of the circulation of the hind limbs. Right internal jugular vein was cannulated for drug administration. The animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 12 in each group) : (1) sham-operated group in which bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed but not occluded; (2) I/R group in which the bilateral femoral artery and vein were occluded for 4h with the atraumatic microclips and the released for 6h reperfusion , and (3) I/R + propofol group received a bolus of 5 mg?kg-1 propofol 10 min before reperfusion followed by propofol infusion at 10 mg?kg-1?h-1. In group 1 and 2 the animals received same amount of normal saline instead of propofol. At the end of 6h reperfusion the animals were sacrificed by bloodletting. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD activity, the lung water, iNOS and ICAM-1 expression and microscopic examination. Results I/R significantly increased lung water and MDA content, and expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 and decreased SOD activity, while propofol significantly attenuated these changes induced by I/R of hind limbs. Light microscopic findings in I/R group included alveolar edema, localized pulmonary atelectasis and hemorrhage and large amount of polymorphonuclear infiltration. Electron microscopic examination showed a series of ultrastructural changes such as diffuse irregular thickening of basement membrene, alveolar type Ⅰ cell swelling, alveolar type Ⅱ cell injury associated with emptying of lamella bodies. These changes were significantly less prominent in the rats which received propofol. Conclusion Propofol has protective effects on the lungs against injury induced by I/R of the hind limbs.

Objective To evaluate T-lymphocyte subsets and sjTREC gene level in sepsis children and to provide a reasonable theoretical basis for immune regulation. Methods This prospective study was performed on children who were classified as sepsis group (n = 25), severe sepsis group (n = 23), and control group (n = 50). The T cell subsets were measured before the blood products,immune agents,and nutritional support were administrated. By real-time fluorescence quantitive-PCR method, the sjTREC levels of the patients with sepsis and healthy children were quantitatively detected respectively;then the sjTREC levels were absolutely quantified by two standard curve method. The results were demonstrated by sjTREC and endogenous reference gene (Cα) copies ratio (sjTREC/Cα× 2 × 1000) and statistically analyzed by SPSS 16. 0 software. Results The levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 + T cells in severe sepsis group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.01). The level of sjTREC of severe sepsis group was 173.86 +38.37,which was significantly lower than those of sepsis group (345. 15 ± 66. 21) and control group (389. 42 ± 50. 20) (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Children with severe sepsis have a range of T-lymphocyte subsets disorders and decreased thymic output function, so early immunotherapy can improve clinical outcome.

Objective To study the effect of Yinxingdamo (compound of ginkgo biloba extract) on hemodynamics of cerebral circulation in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods Sixty patients with first ACI of carotid artery system were randomly divided into a treatment group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases), and treated with the drug Yinxingdamo plus therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise, respectively. The cerebrovascular dynamics indexes (CVDI) of both groups were investigated before and after the treatment. Results The Vmin and Qmin of carotid artery in the two groups were increased after treatment and the cerebrovascular resistance (R) was decreased (P

OBJECTIVETo compare the tissue engineered cartilage constructed with chondrocytes derived from auricular and articular cartilage.

METHODSChondrocytes were isolated from porcine auricular and articular cartilage, and BMSCs were obtained from bone marrow aspirate and cultured. Each kind of chondrocytes were resuspended alone or mixed with BMSCs at a ratio of 1:1, and seeded onto PGA/PLA scaffolds to construct tissue engineered cartilage (n = 4). The constructs were cultured for 8 weeks in vitro and then subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for 6 weeks. The differences between chondrocytes monoculture from articular and auricular cartilage or between each of them co-cultured with BMSCs were evaluated by gross view, measurement of thickness and wet weight, histological examinations including H&E, Safranin O, type II collagen, and Ponceau's & Victoria blue staining, and gene expression analysis of cartilage related genes.

RESULTSNo obvious differences were found histologically among the complexes constructed in vitro 8 weeks except for few elastic fibers secreted in the auricular chondrocytes + BMSCs co-culture group. Neo-cartilage is thicker in the groups of articular chondrocytes (38. 1% than the group of auricular chondrocytes, P < 0.05) and articular chondrocytes + BMSCs co-culture (19.3% than the group of auricular chondrocytes + BMSCs, P < 0.05). However, after 6 weeks in vivo the elastic fibers were found positive in the complexes constructed by auricular chondrocytes, and its staining was even stronger and more homogenous in the group of auricular chondrocytes + BMSCs co-culture. The tissues generated by articular chondrocytes alone and co-cultured with BMSCs both formed the characteristic features of three-layer structure of hyaline cartilage and ossified in vivo with significant up-regulation of COL10A1 and MMP-13. To summarize, auricular chondrocytes formed the elastic cartilage while articular chondrocytes formed the hyaline cartilage during the development of tissue engineered cartilage either by monoculture or the co-culture with BMSCs.

CONCLUSIONSThe chondrogenic response of chondrocytes from different cartilage origins demonstrates that an initial chondrocyte and cartilage type recapitulates the same in later tissue-engineered development.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cartilage, Articular ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; Coculture Techniques ; Ear Auricle ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice, Nude ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To investigate the efficacy of surgical treatment for hepatolithiasis in patients of advanced age.Methods The clinical data of 196 patients of advanced age (≥80 years) and with hepatolithiasis who were admitted to the Kailuan General Hospital from January 2009 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 196 patients received surgical treatment.Patients were followed up via phone call or out-patient examination till May 2013.Results Fifty-eight patients received emergent operation within 24 hours after admission,and the other 138 patients received operation 7.4 days (range,1.0-18.0 days) after admission.Fifty patients received laparoscopic surgery,including 43 received cholecystectomy + choledocholithotomy + T tube drainage,7 received choledocholithotomy + T tube drainage.One hundred and forty-six patients received open surgery,including 78 received cholecystectomy + choledocholithotomy + T tube drainage,43 received choledocholithotomy + T tube drainage and 25 received choledocholithotomy + T tube drainage + partial hepatectomy.The operation time was (78 ± 16)minutes,and the volume of intraoperative bleeding ranged between 15 mL and 300 mL.One hundred and ninety-four patients were cured and 2 patients died.Thirty-seven patients had complications after operation,with the morbidity of 18.88％ (37/196).A total of 163 patients were followed up,with the follow-up rate of 83.16％ (163/196).The median time of follow-up was 26 months (range,7-52 months).Twelve patients had hepatolithiasis recurrence,and the recurrence rate was 7.36％ (12/163).Conclusion Surgical treatment for hepatolithiasis in patients of advanced age has the advantages of high cure rate,low incidence of complications and recurrence,and the clinical efficacy is satisfactory.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

BACKGROUND:It is controversial to treat sacroiliac joint fracture.Some scholars advocated expectant treatment,and some others advocated surgery therapy.Pelvic stability was responsible for the scheme selection.Sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation destroys pelvic stability,which easily induces instability and bone nonunion,resulting in sacroiliac joint pain,unequal size of lower limbs,sitting pain and dysfunction.Thus,prognosis of mental implant is significantly better than expectant treatment in treatment of unstable pelvic fracture.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures and their clinical application using various internal and external fixation of metal implants.METHODS:The computer-based research was done in Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) for articles published from January 1991 to December 2009 with the key words of "Pelvic fractures,instability,surgical treatment" by the first author.A total of 115 articles were retrieved,and those concerning characteristics and clinical application of implants in the treatment of unstable pelvic fracture.Articles addressing old and repetitive contents were excluded.Literatures of the same fields published in recent years or in authorized journals were selected.Finally,30 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation is a severe,high-energy trauma,has been paid great attention in the therapy,particularly in unstable sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation.A stable type of fracture and dislocation of the sacroiliac joint received a conservative treatment of unstable sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation appropriate line of external fixation,internal fixation for reconstruction of pelvic stability and internal fixation treatment varied,but the therapeutic effect of internal fixation needs to be improved.What are bio-mechanical characteristics of various internal fixation methods,and how the timing of weight-bearing activities following various internal fixations require further basic and clinical studies.An unstable sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation fixation has many ways,including the anterior and posterior fixed-fixed.Minim ally invasive therapy such as posterior CT guided sacroiliac joint lag screw is the developmental trend.