Objective To investigate how target position and observer's heading affect spatial direction judgement (object locating judgement vs. orienting judgement). Methods Based on visual spatial scene and spatial memory, localization judgement and orientation judgement were used as tasks in four subjects-within experiments respectively. The data of response time were collected as the main dependent variables, and the total, 80 subjects (40 female), participated in the study. Results 1) 0? (front) and 180? (back) advantage effect, north advantage effect (expect for Exp.3), and cardinal direction-R90? position advantage effect were significant; 2) There was no significant difference on response time between Exp.1 and 2, and between Exp.3 and 4; no significant difference on time used for location was found between Exp.3 and 4, but each of them was longer than its corresponding response time for judgement task. Conclusion The effect modes of heading and target position are all consistent between the two types of spatial direction judgements, and the effect modes will not be changed according to differences in information medium and processing.

Objective To analyze how to establish a quality control(QC) procedure covering the whole samples process within a hospital.Methods To analyze how the different sample handling stage require specific QC methods according to the processing demond of different stage.Results The QC at the original stage help to select proper sample type of specific disease according to its research purpose.The QC at the process stage help to ensure the proper handling procedure of disease samples according to the biological characteristics,which would provide reliable samples for the research.The feedbacks of sample research results to biobank help the biobank to obtain more understanding and more resource to ensure its sustainable development.Conclusions Analysis of the whole process QC on the management of biobank will facilitate and maintain the biobank with high quality and ultimately support the translational medical research.

Objective To study the expression and regulation of aquapofins (AQP) in cystic epithelial cells of jck mice with polycystic kidney disease. Methods Localization and regulation of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 protein were analyzed by using the immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Kidneys of jck homozygous mice were 4 folds larger than those of litter matched wild-type mice. There were multiple cysts and fibrosis in the renal tissue of jck mice. The epithelial cells in cysts were flat in shape. Blood urea level in jck mice was (42.6 ± 6.7) mmol/L, which was 5 folds higher than that in wild-type mice [(8.4±1.9) mmol/L] (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AQP1 was expressed in the apical and hasolatend membranes of epithelial cells in proximal tubules, as well as in the thin descending limb of Henle and endothelial cells of descending vasa recta. There was no AQP1 expression in epithelial cells of cysts. AQP2 was expressed in the apical membranes of collecting ducts and renal cysts. AQP3 and AQP4 were expressed in basolateral membranes of collecting duct and renal cystic epithelial cells of jck mice. Western blot analysis showed the same protein sizes of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 in both jck and wild-type kidneys. However, AQP1 expression was down-regulated in jck kidneys (P<0.01). Conclusion The renal cystic epithelia expresses AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4, which indicates that epithelial cells in renal cysts are derived from renal collecting ducts in jck mice and aquaporins may play an important role in renal cyst development.

To investigate the Th1/Th2 profile in peripheral blood of patients suffering from condyloma acuminatum (CA) with or without genital herpes. The levels of the intracellular cytokines (IFN ? and IL 4) of CD4 + T lymphocytes of peripheral blood were assayed by flow cytometry in 35 patients with CA (among them 15 patients were complicated by genital herpes) and 20 healthy volunteers as controls. The results showed that all the patients with CA had significantly higher percentage of Th2 cells and lower percentage of Th1 cells compared with heathy controls( P

Objective To observe the relationship between the levels of plasma VEGF,PAI-1 and the severity of the diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods ELISA method was used to measure the levels of VEGF and PAI-1.Results The level of VEGF was increased in all diabetic patients compared with the normal control group[(17.86?12.25)ng/L],and that of the patients with BDR[(93.41?54.69)ng/L]was higher than that of the patients with NDR[(52.17?21.81)ng/L]and PDR[(61.24?37.55)ng/L].The level of PAI-1 was also increased in all diabetic patients.The increase tendency was more obvious in patients with BDR[(58.29?20.53)?g/L]and PDR[(66.84?23.81)?g/L].Conclusion The damage of the vascular endothelial cell and the impaired fibrinolysis state exist in diabetic retinopathy.So it is very important to measure the levels of VEGF and PAI-1 for the early diagnosis and intervention treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To knock down hemolysin hlyA gene and insert green fluorescence protein gene of vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate NFYY101. Methods Amplified fragments of hlyA gene upstream (hlyAup) and downstream (hlyAdown),lacz-GFPuv,and hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown, and plasmids treated with specific enzymes were utilized to construct recombinant plasmids pUC18-hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown and pCVD442-hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown. Following the construction of the recombinant suicide plasmids ,a vaccine candidate was constructed by homologous recombination ,while SM10λpir carrying pCVD442- hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown was utilized as the donor strain to transfect NFYY101. Results Construction of recombinant suicide plasmids pCVD442- hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown was satisfactory that hemolysin hlyA gene was knocked out and green fluorescence protein gene was successfully inserted of vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate NFYY101. Conclusion Construction of the recombinant suicide plasmid pCVD442-hlyAup-laczGFPuv-hlyAdown successfully can be used for knocked out the hlyA gene and added green fluorescence protein gene as genetic marker into the chromosomal DNA of vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate.

Glenohumeral subluxation is one of the most frequent complications in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. This paper reviewed the recent advances in research on post-stroke Glenohumeral subluxation from the epidemiology, pathogenesis and related factors, diagnosis,treatment and so on.

Objective　To study the preventive effect of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer and the immune function influence on postoperative patients with colorectal cancer treated by TIL, rIL-2 and cyclophosphamide by portal vein infusion. Methods　One hundred and twenty-four patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Dukes B and Dukes C stage) were randomly divided into immunotherapy group and control group. The control group were treated with 5-Fu and MMC by intravenous injection after resection of colorectal cancer. The immunotherapy group were treated with TIL, rIL-2 and cyclophosphamide by portal vein infusion after resection of the tumor, then with chemotherapy as the control group. All cases were followed-up for 3 years. Results　Eight cases (12.3%) had hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in the immunotherapy group, but nineteen cases (33.2%) in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The NK, IL-2 activity and CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 levels in peripheral blood of the immunotherapy group increased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions　The TIL, rIL-2 and cyclophosphamide treatment after resection of colorectal cancer is effective in improving antitumorgenic immune function, and preventing hepatic metastases.

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is no systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of NRF-1 in the spinal cord during remifentail-induced hyperalgesia in a rat model of incisional pain.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (C); incisional pain group (group Ⅰ); remifentanil group (group R); incisional pain + remifentanil group (group Ⅰ + R).All the rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane.A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin,fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the right hindpaw in I and I + R groups.In C and I groups,normal saline was subcutaneously infused for 30 min.In group I + R,remifentanil (0.04 mg/kg,0.4ml) was subcutaneously infused for 30 min starting from the onset of skin incision.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT) was measured at 24 h before operation and at 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after operation.After measurement of PWMT at 48 h,the rats were sacrificed and L4,5 segments of the spinal cord were removed rapidly to detect the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,PWMT was significantly decreased at each time point after operation,and the expression of NRF-1 in the spinal cord was up-regulated in I and I + R groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I,PWMT was significantly decreased at each time point after operation,and the expression of NRF-1 in the spinal cord was up-regulated in group I + R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation of NRF-1 expression in the spinal cord may be involved in the development of remifentail-induced hyperalgesia in a rat model of incisional pain.