This paper reviewed the evolution of discipline and professional development of the medical sciences in Shanghai,evaluated the performance of the strategic planning for the discipline and professional development,explored the innovative model for developing the disciplines and professionals,analyzed the main reasons of the good performance.Some policy suggestions were proposed,including integrating all kinds of resources.forming new vigor and synergy,strengthening the development for the disciplines and professionals in public health,improving the capacity of the prevention and control of diseases,lncrcasing the impact of the clinical medical centers and key disciplines,enhancing the quality of health services,culturing more talent professionals,and developing the excellent team with multiple levels.Meanwhile,it was prospected that the medical discipline and professional development would make a good progress in the future.

Objective To investigate effects of driving fatigue on working memory. Methods The control group included 12 taxi drivers after adequate rest while the fatigue group included 27 taxi drivers who had been driving for 10h. Digit memory span, words span, Digit Subtraction Test, Random Number Generation test were used. Results Compared with the control(6.60 ±0.40,90.67 ±6.65,158.27 ±29.12,0.30 ±0.06,24.29 ±10.59,35.90 ± 10.64 ), driving fatigue group were significantly( P ＜ 0.05 )different in the number of backward number memory span( 5.37 ± 0.72 ), percentage of number of right reaction of the number of total reaction of Digit Subtraction Test(79.95 ± 8.04), total number of RNG( 88.33 ± 19.48 ), RNG(0.40 ± 0.05 ), Coupon( 12.35 ±12.88), NSQ(49.72 ± 8.06). Conclusion Driving fatigue can decline the working memory.

Since the beginning of clinical use in the 1970s,hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has become the standard tool for monitoring glycemic control in patients with diabetes.The role of the HbA1c test was broadened in 2010,when the American Diabetes Association added HbA1c as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes.However,hemoglobin variants,various clinical scenarios and drugs may yield false results that would mislead clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective Health belief model and theory of reasoned action or theory of planned behavior have been used widely in studies of health behavior and combined to use in many studies to explain and predict definite health behaviors.A systematic review was conducted to analyze how two theories combined in the studies related to health behaviors,to explore general factors influencing different health behaviors,and so that to provide evidence for future health promotion and health education strategies.Methods Nine databases were searched using predetermined search strategies and 322 indexes were identified.Key information of included studies was extracted and the quality of each one was assessed according to Strobe Checklist and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results 40 papers including 37 studies were finally included in this review.6 studies were of high quality,while others were of medium quality.Most studies were cross-sectional survey.Two theories were usually as the framework basis and used to develop research instruments in the included studies.Some researchers used behavioral intention as an outcome variable instead of actual behavior.Subjective norms,perceived susceptibility,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavioral intention;perceived barriers,behavioral intention,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavior.Conclusions There are some limitations need to avoid in the future studies synthetically using HBM and TRA/TPB.Improving individuals' perceived susceptibility and subjective norms by extending the target population can serve as the common intervention to change health behaviors;further studies should identify individuals' perceived barriers and control beliefs of specific behaviors,and make responding interventions.

Acadamy is the basis of discipline construction,and the public trust is the life of academy.However,the decline of public trust has become prominent in our science field.This paper is aimed at revealing the potential factors for the decline,and to propose measures to counteract them,so as to to remodel the public trust in academia.

The paper described the necessity of establishing standardized residency training system,and introduced the progress of such training on a unified platform in Shanghai since 2010.In its summary of the success and experiences in Shanghai, the authors proposed to step up three-level management,set up a government-funded risk fund;guarantee income and welfare of residents and encourage their sense of belongings;encourage motivation of clinical teachers to enhance training quality;to build a systematic postgraduate medical education system in alignment with the standardized specialists training.

Objective To investigate how target position and observer's heading affect spatial direction judgement (object locating judgement vs. orienting judgement). Methods Based on visual spatial scene and spatial memory, localization judgement and orientation judgement were used as tasks in four subjects-within experiments respectively. The data of response time were collected as the main dependent variables, and the total, 80 subjects (40 female), participated in the study. Results 1) 0? (front) and 180? (back) advantage effect, north advantage effect (expect for Exp.3), and cardinal direction-R90? position advantage effect were significant; 2) There was no significant difference on response time between Exp.1 and 2, and between Exp.3 and 4; no significant difference on time used for location was found between Exp.3 and 4, but each of them was longer than its corresponding response time for judgement task. Conclusion The effect modes of heading and target position are all consistent between the two types of spatial direction judgements, and the effect modes will not be changed according to differences in information medium and processing.

Objective To analyze how to establish a quality control(QC) procedure covering the whole samples process within a hospital.Methods To analyze how the different sample handling stage require specific QC methods according to the processing demond of different stage.Results The QC at the original stage help to select proper sample type of specific disease according to its research purpose.The QC at the process stage help to ensure the proper handling procedure of disease samples according to the biological characteristics,which would provide reliable samples for the research.The feedbacks of sample research results to biobank help the biobank to obtain more understanding and more resource to ensure its sustainable development.Conclusions Analysis of the whole process QC on the management of biobank will facilitate and maintain the biobank with high quality and ultimately support the translational medical research.

Objective To boost the transformation and sustainable development of medical scientific achievements. Methods Investigations in the form of questionnaires were made and descriptive statistics was conducted. Results Eighty to ninety percent of the achievements awards were allocated to the research project teams or the principal prize winners. Most of the achievements transformation awards were retained by the units while only ten to twenty percent went to the principal awardees and only two to three percent went to the management and intermediary personnel. There also existed such problems as weak awareness of achievements transformation and lack of scientificalness in the achievements review and evaluation system, assessment system and assessment indexes. Conclusion The awareness of scientific achievements transformation should be enhanced and the transformation should be implemented on a market oriented and commercial basis; the scientificalness of achievements review and evaluation should be improved; more awards should be given and more social fundraising activities should be conducted; and scientific research management should be included among the factors to be considered when allocating money awards.

As a new cross disciplinary study, translational medicine is expected to promote modern biomedical research to a new stage. In recent years, establishment of research structure of translational medicine has been completed or initiated in some areas where medicine is comparatively well developed, though this conduct is still at an exploratory stage. Referencing abroad experience,This paper discusses the innovative mechanisms and strategies for organization of traslational medicine with referrence to foreign expericences.