Objective:To evaluate the safety of Yangzhengxiaoji capsules for the treatment of cancer and precancerosis. Methods:Clinical trials and studies were collected by searching Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, WANFANG database, VIP information database, Pubmed, ScinenceDirect Online, and MEDLINE@EBSCO. The clinical data of Yangzhengxiaoji capsule for the treatment of cancer and pre-cancerosis were included. The quality of the included studies was then evaluated. Related data were extracted with reference to Cochrane Handbook 5.0. Afterward, meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.0 software. Results:A total of 19 studies focusing on 2 125 patients receiving Yangzhengxiaoji capsules were included and investigated in this meta-analysis. Results showed that the adverse reaction rates of myelosuppression, WBC and platelet decrease, gastrointestinal reaction, nausea/vomiting, and hepatotoxicity were sig-nificantly lower in the trial groups with Yangzhengxiaoji capsule-assisted chemotherapy/radiotherapy than in the control groups with chemotherapy/radiotherapy only (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rates of nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity were not statistically different between the trial groups and the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Yangzhengxiaoji capsule could be safely administered to treat cancer and precancerosis.

Background Rhodopsin (RHO) gene is the most common disease gene for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP),one of the main pathogenesis is that misfolded mutant RHO proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).Objective This study aimed to determine the genetic basis for a consanguineous Chinese Han adRP family.Methods This study procedure complied with Helsinki Declaration.All participants in the family were investigated under the informed consent.Regular ocular examination was performed on the patients in this family.Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out to screen the mutations in 189 genes associated with hereditary retinal diseases (HRDs).After being analyzed and filtered,variations detected by NGS were validated by Sanger sequencing and evaluating of pathogenicity.The wild-type RHOWT and mutant RHOP53Rwere cloned into the vector pEGFP-N1.Then the two plasmids were transfected into adult retinal pigmentosa epithelium cell line(ARPE19) and human embryo kidney 293 line (HEK293) to observe the location of rhodopsin-GFP fusion protein in cells,and the expression of ERS related protein XBP1 in the cells was detected by quantitative-PCR and Western blot.Results This family included 5 generations with the typical adRP characteristics.Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous variation,p.P53R in RHO gene,which was fully cosegregated in the family.Wild-type RHOWT-GFP fusion proteins showed the green fluorescence on the endoplasmic reticulum and cytomembrane,but the misfolded mutant RHO-GFP fusion protein gathered only in endoplasmic reticulum.Compared to wild-type RHOWT,the XBP1 was activated and increased by (1.28 ±0.09) fold.The introns of 26 bases in XBP1 mRNA were removed in the HEK293 cells with mutant RHO-GFP fusion protein,and the expression of XBP1 was stronger in the HEK293 cells with mutant RHO-GFP than that in HEK293 cells with wild type RHO-GFP and cells with blank pEGFP-N1 plasmid.Conclusions Heterozygous variant RHO p.P53R is very likely the pathogenical mutation in the adRP family.The RHOP53R mutant rhodopsin protein can not be delivery effectively from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane,and these proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum,which causes ERS.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rabies-exposed populations in Anji County, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide insights into rabies control in the county. Methods: All data pertaining to rabies were captured from Monthly Report of Rabies-exposed Populations in Huzhou City and Investigation Form of Multiple Dog Injuries reported by dog injury clinics in Anji County from 2017 to 2021, and the species of animals causing dog injuries, duration, degree and site of exposure, and post-exposure treatment of rabies-exposed populations were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 46 186 cases with rabies exposure were reported in dog injury clinics in Anji County from 2017 to 2021, and the rate of exposure appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year (Z=-23.249, P<0.001), with an annual mean exposure rate of 1 739.59/105. The number of cases with exposure to rabies peaked in July and August (10 066 cases, 21.79%). Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries (31 732 cases, 68.70%), and the rate of exposure to dog bites appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year (Z=-35.541, P<0.001). There were 11 350 cases with cat-causing injuries (24.57%), and the rate of exposure to cat bites appeared a tendency towards a rise (Z=14.834, P<0.001). Lower extremity was the main site of exposure (22 364 cases, 48.42%), and the proportions of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure to rabies were 72.85% and 25.23%, the rates of exposure both appeared a tendency towards a decline (Z=-14.522, P<0.001; Z=-21.820, P<0.001). The proportion of using human rabies immune globulin was 25.72% among populations with grade Ⅲ exposure, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (Z=6.636, P<0.001). Conclusions The rate of exposure to rabies appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anji County from 2017 to 2021. Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries, and the rate of cat bites appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2021; however, the proportion of using human rabies immune globulin remains to be improved among populations with grade Ⅲ exposure.

BackgroundRecent researches suggested that properties of neurons in the lateral geniculate neuron (LGN) may represent an important neural limitation on the development of basic spatial and temporal vision,and even binocular rivalry.However,previous studies on the properties of spatiotemporal frequency tuning of LGN were rather concentrated on a monkey or cat,whereas little is known about rat.ObjectiveThis study was to examine the development of spatiotemporal frequency tuning in rats LGN.MethodsTwenty Wistar rats were collected and divided into 14-16 day,20-22 day,27-30 day and 60 day groups according to the different ages after their eyes opened and 5 rats were assigned for each group.Extracellular single neuron recording was carried out in the rats to study the spatio-temporal receptive field properties of neurons in LGN by sinusoidal gratings visual stimuli.Dynamic changes of the spatio-temporal receptive field properties of neurons in LGN with the development of Wistar rats were evaluated.ResultsThe differences between band-pass and low-pass distribution of temporal frequency or spatial frequency of rat LGN were not statistically significant (x2 =0.68,0.47,P＞0.05 ).The optimal temporal frequency of receptive field in rat LGN went up to the maximum value until 60 day in Wistar rats.The mean optimal temporal frequencies of neurons in the four different age groups were ( 2.5 ± 1.3 ),( 2.6± 1.2),(2.6± 1.1 ) and ( 3.6± 1.1 ) Hz with significant differences among the 4 groups (F=4.53,P＜0.05 ),and those in the 14-16 day group,20-22 day group,27- 30 day group were significantly lower than in the 60 days group ( q =4.43,4.10,4.03,P ＜ 0.05 ).No significant differences were seen among the 14-16 day group,20-22 day group and 27-30 day group ( P＞0.05 ).The optimal spatial frequency values in the four groups were ( 0.04 ± 0.04 ),( 0.04 ± 0.03 ),( 0.05 ± 0.03 ),( 0.05 ± 0.04 ) cpd,respectively without statistical difference among them ( F =0.58,P ＞ 0.05 ).The temporal and spatial bandwidth values in the various age groups were not statistically significant among the four groups ( F =0.37,1.22,P＞0.05). Conclusions The development of temporal and spatial frequency characteristics of the rat LGN receptive field may be related to its functional visual pathway.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation is a double-edged sword to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) including lung injury, and systemic inflammatory response high tidal volumes are thought to increase mortality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of dynamic ventilatory factors on ventilator induced lung injury in a dog model of ARDS induced by hydrochloric acid instillation under volume controlled ventilation and to investigate the relationship between the dynamic factors and ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI) and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy dogs were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Subjects in the experimental group were then further divided into four groups by different inspiratory stages of flow. Two mL of alveolar fluid was aspirated for detection of IL-8 and TNF-α. Lung tissue specimens were also extracted for total RNA, IL-8 by western blot and observed under an electronic microscope. RESULTS: IL-8 protein expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and D. Although the IL-8 protein expression was decreased in group C compared with group B, the difference was not statistically significant. The TNF-α ray degree of group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01), especially in group C (P>0.05). The alveolar volume of subjects in group B was significantly smaller, and cavity infiltration and cell autolysis were marked with a significant thicker alveolar septa, disorder of interval structures, and blurring of collagenous and elastic fiber structures. A large number of necrotic debris tissue was observed in group B. CONCLUSION: Mechanical ventilation with a large tidal volume, a high inspiratory flow and a high ventilation frequency can cause significant damage to lung tissue structure. It can significantly increase the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 as well as their mRNA expression. Furthermore, the results of our study showed that small tidal ventilation significantly reduces the release of pro-inflammatory media. This finding suggests that greater deterioration in lung injury during ARDS is associated with high inspiratory flow and high ventilation rate.

OBJECTIVETo detect the variation of gene expression profile of G1/S transition and elucidate the role of related genes regulating cell cycle from G1 to S phase in gastric cancer.

METHODSNocodazole-thymidine and double thymidine methods were used to synchronize gastric cells at G2/M and G1/S point, cDNA microarray chips was applied to examine the gene expression profile at G1 early and late phase, S early and late phase during the cell cycle, hierarchy analysis was conducted by a professional software package.

RESULTSA total of 2001 genes were detected available, 959 genes appeared to be upregulated or downregulated, including 147 genes upregulated at G1 late phase. These 147 genes are involved in DNA metabolism, transcription and translation,posttranslational modification, ubiquitination, signal transduction etc, which all affected cell cycle from different aspects.

CONCLUSIONComplex multiple gene processes, such as DNA metabolism, transcription and translation, posttranslational modification, ubiquitination, signal transduction etc,are implicated in and also essential for G1/S transition during gastric cancer cell cycle, part of these genes are significantly associate with overproliferation in gastric cancer.

Cell Division ; G1 Phase ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; S Phase ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptional regulation of BHLHB2 gene by the PML-RARα fusion protein in APL cells and reveal the pathogenesis of APL. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression change of BHLHB2 before and after the induction of PML-RARα in PR9 cells, and its expression level after the treatment of ATRA in PR9 and APL patient derived NB4 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based PCR was used to analyze whether the BHLHB2 promoter could be bound by PML-RARα in vivo. A large-scale gene expression profile dataset was used to observe the expression pattern of BHLHB2 in AML. The results showed that the expression level of BHLHB2 was significantly reduced with the induction of PML-RARα and ATRA could reverse this inhibition in both PR9 and NB4 cells and increase the expression of BHLHB2. However, the expression of BHLHB2 could not be induced by ATRA in U937 cells which do not express PML-RARα. Mechanism study revealed that PML-RARα could bound to the promoter of BHLHB2 in vivo to regulate the the expression of BHLHB2. It was found that the expression of BHLHB2 was relatively lower in APL as compared with other subtypes of AML and normal bone marrow cells. It is concluded that BHLHB2 is the target of PML-RARα, and the expression of BHLHB2 is inhibited by PML-RARα through binding to its promoter in APL.
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; U937 Cells

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Psammosilene tunicoides.

METHODThe two chemical constituents were separated by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTTwo beta-carboline alkaloids were separated from normal butanol fraction of P. tunicoides, and identified as 1-acetyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline (1) and 1-acetyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyl-beta-carboline (2).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is separated from this plant as natural products for the first time, and compound 2 was a new compound.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; Carbolines ; analysis ; Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the tolerance to endotracheal tube, on agitation and other complications of patients undergoing transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients aged 18-65 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) were randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine group (group D, n=60) and control group (group C, n=62).Group D were given intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine during the operation and group C with saline.The extubation time, observation time in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), the incidence of emergence agitation, cough, postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were analyzed.Results The extubation time [(29.7±11.5) min vs (22.2±8.5) min] and the length of stay in PACU [(41.5±11.8) min vs (35.3±10.0) min] were significantly longer in group D than those in group C (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of the incidence of emergence agitation (26.3% vs 32.3%), cough (49.1% vs 53.2%), postoperative sore throat (14.0% vs 24.2%) and hoarseness (10.5% vs 19.4%) between two groups.Conclusion Intraoperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine can prolong the extubation time and the length of stay in PACU.The incidence of agitation, cough, postoperative sore throat and hoarseness was not affected by dexmedetomidine.

Objective To explore the value of wound blush in predicting patients' ulcer healing whom with critical limb ischemia after revascularization.Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 173 cases of critical limb ischemia with ischemic ulcers under thetreatment of endovascular therapy followed the concept of angiosome.According to the condition of wound blush after endovascular therapy,by compared the difference of limb salvage rate and ulcer healing time,and try to analyze the value of wound blush in predicting ulcer healing in patients.Results Included in the study with a total of 173 cases (173 limbs),group wound blush(+) 109 patients,group wound blush (-) 64 cases,the age,proportion of male patients,smoking history,diabetes,coronary heart disease,chronic renal insufficiency,pre and post operative ankle brachial index,were no statistical difference between the two groups.The ulcer healing time of group wound blush (+) was significantly shorter than that of group wound blush(-) (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of ulcer healing in group wound blush(+) was significantly higher than that in group wound blush(-) (P ＜ 0.05).In group wound blush(+),the cumulative rate of limb salvage was statisticallyhigher than group wound blush (-) (P ＜ 0.05).By logistic regression analysis,wound blush(-) (OR =4.5,P ＜ 0.05),IRc revascularization (OR =2.6,P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors of ulcer healing.Conclusions The resoult of wound blush(+) shows a good distal perfusion of foot.It can be used as a predictive factor for critical limb ischemia ischemic ulcer healing,and wound blush (-) was an independent risk factor for ulcer nonhealing.