Objective To analyze the prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Tianjin,and to establish early screening of DDH in China.Methods System of health care for maternity and children in Tianjin were used to perform early ultrasound-screening program for DDH during the first 6weeks of life.The infants with abnormal conditions or suspected ultrasound results were transferred to Tianjin hospital.All the infants were clinically examined by experienced pediatric orthopaedic physician.Anteroposterior pelvic X-rays were taken for suspected infants to make a definite diagnosis.Results Hip ultrasound examinations were performed for 94 443 infants between December 26,2009 and December 25,2010.The 136 cases (165 hips) were suspected as DDH and 168 cases (200 hips) were diagnosed as DDH by ultrasound.All of them were transferred to Tianjin hospital.Among suspected patients,the positive signal of Ortolani or Barlow was found in 10 cases (11 hips).The DDH signal on the radiograph was positive in 73 cases (84 hips).Two hundred and fifty-one infants (295 hips) were finally diagnosed as DDH.There were 40 boys and 211 girls.Also,left hips and infants bom in autumn or winter were more often involved.The prevalence of DDH in Tianjin area was 2.66% (251/94 443).Conclusion Accurate early detection and diagnosis of DDH could be expected with the Tianjin pattern of preliminary screening,secondary screening and definite diagnosis.Careful clinical examination and X-ray are important for diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the alterations and phenotypes of dendritic cells, inflamma-tory monocytes and macrophages in immunocompetent mice during Pneumocystis murina ( P.murina) infec-tion for further analysis of the function of these cells during P.murina infection.Methods Wild type male C57BL/6 mice at age 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups including the group with P.murina infection and the group receiving sham surgery.The mice without any intervention were used to set up the blank control group.The loads of P.murina strains in lung tissues of each mouse were quantified by TaqMan real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction after the infection.Histopathological examination was per-formed to evaluate the degree of inflammation in lung tissues.The numbers of dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in lung tissues, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples, and the changes of inflammatory monocytes in spleen tissues were measured by flow cytometry analysis.The expression of major histocompatability complexⅡ(MHCⅡ), CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and CC chemokine re-ceptor 2 ( CCR2 ) by dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in lung tissues during P.murina infection were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.All of the data were collected one, two, three and four weeks after the corresponding treatments.Results The loads of P.murina strains in P.murina in-fected mice were elevated after two and three weeks infection, but decline at week 4 (P>0.05).Significant pathological changes including the alveolar destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration and thickened alveolar septum in mice with P.murina infection were observed under a microscope at week 3 and week 4.Compared to the sham surgery treatment group, the number of CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells were increased in lung tissues, but decreased in blood samples during P.murina infection ( P<0.05) .The levels of inflammatory monocytes in blood samples fell at week 3 and then rose at week 4 during P.murina infection (P<0.05). No significant difference with the change of macrophages in mice was observed during P.murina infection ( P>0.05).The CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells in lung tissues of mice with P.murina infection expressed high levels of MHCⅡand CX3CR1, and low levels of CCR2.The inflammatory monocytes in lung tissues of mice expressed high levels of CCR2, moderate levels of MHCⅡand low levels of CX3CR1 during P.murina in-fection.High levels of CX3CR1 and low levels of MHCⅡ and CCR2 were observed in macrophages from lung tissues of mice with P.murina infection.Conclusion Highly expressed CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells and MHCⅡwere detected in lung tissues of mice during P.murina infection, indicating that CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells were involved in the host defense against P.murina infection.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of unsaponifiable matter from the seed oil of Momordica cochinchinensis.

METHODThe fatty oil from the seeds of M. cochinchinensis was extracted with petroleum ether, and the saponification was carried out with potassium hydroxide. The unsaponifiable matter was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the structures of their constituents were elucidated by means of IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and authentic chemicals.

RESULTKarounidiol (1), isokarounidiol (2), 5-dehydrokarounidiol (3), 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol (4), beta-sitosterol (5), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (6), and stigmast-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7) were elucidated.

CONCLUSIONThese compounds were found in this plant for the first time.

Molecular Structure ; Momordica ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

In this paper, a novel and simple RP-HPLC method for the determination of related substances of tiopronin for injection was described. The RP-HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column, with acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid(8 ∶92), mobile phase in isocratic mode at a rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The photodiode array detector was set at 210 nm. Seven related substances were detected and the structures were characterized by mass spectrometry. The method showed great suitability, specificity and excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0. 3 to 50 μg/mL(r≥0. 999), and the limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0. 10 and 0. 31 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method determined by the entire mean recovery ranged from 98. 7% to 103. 7%. The intra-and inter-day precision was satisfactory(RSD≤4. 4%)and robust(RSD≤6. 4%). And this method was successfully applied for the determination of related substances of tiopronin for injection, which revealed the retention of sulfhydryl compounds and glycine analogues on the RP-HPLC and the effect of the pH value of the mobile phase on the chromatographic behavior of the analytes.

Objective: : Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) is a crucial factor for the survival of neuron. The role of NMNAT2 in damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of NMNAT2 in TBI-induced neuronal degeneration and neurological deficits in rats. Methods: : The TBI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by a weight-dropping method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C staining, and neurological score analyses were carried out. Results: : NMNAT2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the injured-side cortex at 6 hours and peaked 12 hours after TBI. Knocking down NMNAT2 with an injection of small interfering RNA in lateral ventricle significantly exacerbated neuronal degeneration and neurological deficits after TBI, which were accompanied by increased expression of BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax). Conclusion : NMNAT2 expression is increased and NMNAT2 exhibits neuroprotective activity in the early stages after TBI, and Bax signaling pathway may be involved in the process. Thus, NMNAT2 is likely to be an important target to prevent secondary damage following TBI.

BACKGROUNDIn order to make posterior fossa decompression for the management of Chiari I malformation simple and less invasive while using direct visualization, a novel solely endoscopic procedure has been employed for the decompression of Chiari malformation type I. The objective of this study was to present neural endoscopic posterior fossa decompression and atlas laminectomy for Chiari type I patients.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with Chiari type I underwent neural endoscopic posterior fossa decompression and atlas laminectomy. We described the procedure for neural endoscopic posterior fossa decompression and atlas laminectomy. All patients in this series demonstrated cerebellar tonsil herniation below the foramen magnum in addition to syringomyelia. All patients in the reviewed study underwent preoperative MRI as well as 3-month postoperative MRI. Additional follow-up MRI varied but was usually repeated 12 months to 18 months after surgery. Postoperative MRI studies were retrospectively reviewed and compared with preoperative studies.

RESULTSAll patients showed clinical improvements, and none had any complications. Patients with syringomyelia had symptoms entirely disappear. Eleven patients (52.4%) experienced radiographic improvement in syringomyelia (decreased size or resolution) during the follow-up period. Nine patients (42.8%) demonstrated decreased syrinx size and four (19%) demonstrated resolved syrinx. Of the 15 patients with symptomatic syringomyelia, 11 (73.3%) experienced symptomatic improvement. The median time to symptom improvement was four months after surgery. Post surgical MRI examinations indicated complete and sufficient decompression of foramen magnum region.

CONCLUSIONSEndoscope atlanto-occipital decompression surgery is an innovative, safe and effective surgical procedure. It has similar results compared to traditional surgery, however with the added advantages of being minimal invasive, having fewer complications, decreased influence on stability of occipital bony structure, and a faster recovery as well as reduced hospital stay and expenses.

Adolescent ; Arnold-Chiari Malformation ; surgery ; Child ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Syringomyelia ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnostic implication of immunophenotyping and gene rearrangement in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL).

METHODSAccording to the selection criteria of 2005 WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas, 20 SPTL patients were enrolled in this study. A 10-antibody panel was used for immunophenotyping and in addition, polymerase chain reaction for TCR gamma and IgH gene rearrangement and in situ hybridization for EBER1/2 were also employed.

RESULTSThere were 9 males and 11 female with a mean age of 29.5 years. Immunophenotypic study showed that all the patients expressed one to three T-cell associated antigens (CD2, CD3 or CD45RO), 18 patients were positive for beta F1, 18 for CD8, 20 for TIA-1 and 16 for granzyme B. None of the patients expressed CD4, CD20 and CD56. TCR gamma gene rearrangement was found in 16 of 20 cases (80.0%) and none for IgH gene rearrangement. The positive rate of EBER1/2 was 25.0% (5/20).

CONCLUSIONSSince the majority of SPTL patients show clonal TCR gene rearrangements, correlations among clinical presentation, histological features, immunophenotype and gene rearrangement data are considered important in confirming a diagnosis of SPTL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; CD56 Antigen ; analysis ; immunology ; Child ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panniculitis ; RNA, Viral ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Skin Neoplasms ; immunology ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDExtranodal natural killer/T-cell (NK/T cell) lymphoma, nasal-type, is a rare lymphoma. Skin is the second most common site of involvement after the nasal cavity/nasalpharynx. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, the association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and p53 gene mutations of the lymphoma.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for EBER1/2, TCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mutations of p53 gene analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis were employed in this study.

RESULTSIn the 19 cases, the tumor primarily involved the dermis and subcutaneous layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the cases expressed CD45RO, CD56, CD3ε, TIA-1 and GrB. Three cases were positive for CD3 and two cases were positive for CD30. Monoclonal TCRγ gene rearrangement was found in 7 of 18 cases. The positive rate of EBER1/2 was 100%. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9 in the 18 cases. Fifteen cases showed Pro (proline)/Arg (arginine) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the exon 4 at codon 72. The expression of p53 protein was 72% (13/18) immunohistochemically.

CONCLUSIONSCutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9, and Pro/Arg SNPs on p53 codon 72 were detected in the cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma. The overexpression of p53 protein may not be the result of p53 gene mutation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; Young Adult

Saliva is being attached great importance for its application in illness diagnosis and have more advantage on the diagnose in oral cavity cancer (OCC). Studies have showed that interleukin (IL) in the saliva could be used as a potential biomarker for OCC diagnosis. Moreover, they have a close connection with tumor genesis, invasion, and metastasis in OCC. Therefore, we reviewed research progress on the relationship between salivary interleukins and OCC.

During the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) , many patients have developed drug resistance due to the use of targeted EGFR inhibitors. The main reasons for drug resistance are EGFR site mutations and bypass activation. Activation of ALK pathway is one of the major types of bypass activation. A recent authoritative study indicates that ALK is closely related to immunotherapy. This article reviews the treatment of ALK in tumors from three aspects: the structure and physiological function of ALK, the small molecule inhibitor of ALK, the biological function of ALK and its related treatment methods for NSCLC, and prospects future directions for better application of ALK in the treatment of NSCLC.