Objective To evaluate the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on the survival and brain metastatic rates in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in complete remission. Methods Fifty one patients with limited stage SCLC in complete remission after chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) group (n=26) and control group (n=25). Patients in PCI group received irradiation to a dose of 25.2～30.6?Gy by 1.8～2.0?Gy per fraction. With the survival rates of the two groups analyzed by life table and compared by Log Rank test, the difference in cranial metastatic rates between the two groups were tested by ? 2 test. The patients' clinical features such as age, sex, effect of treatment before PCI were comparable between the two groups. Results The incidence of cranial metastasis was 3.8% in the PCI group as compared with 32.0% in the control group, with the difference significant (? 2=5.15, P= 0.02 ). The 1 , 3 , 5 year survival rates were 84.6%, 42.3%, 34.6% in the PCI group and 72.0%, 32.0%, 24.0% in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (? 2=2.25, P=0.13). No serious complications were observed in patients who received PCI. Conclusion For patients with limited stage SCLC complete response after chemoradiotherapy, PCI can decrease the incidence of cranial metastasis and tends to improve the survival rate.

Objective The study was to investigate the effect of psychological intervention on emotion and long-term effect of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy. Methods A total of 100 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were divided into the psychological intervention group and the control group with 50 cases in each. The patients in the psychological intervention group were given psychological intervention besides receiving radiotherapy and routine nursing which were similar to the control group. Anxiety score and depression score as well as survival rates before and after radiotherapy between two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in anxiety score and depression score between two groups before radiotherapy, but after radiotherapy, the anxiety score and depression score were more remarkably reduced in the psychological intervention group than in the control group. The 1, 3, 5-year overall survival rates were 100.0%, 94.0%, 85.9% respectively in the psychological intervention group, and were 96.0%, 85.6%, 70.7% respectively in the control group. Duration from the end of radiotherapy to relapse were (32.22±16.82) months in th psychological intervention group and (20.73±13.06) months in the control group. Conclusions Psychological intervention can improve anxiety and depression and shows a tendency to defer the occurrence of relapse and to improve the survival rate in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy. The further research need to be done.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side-effects in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy (2DCRT).MethodsAmong the 292 newly diagnosed,nonmetastatic recurrent NPC,211were treated with IMRT and 81 with 2DCRT.All patients were staged according to the seventh edition of the UICC 2009 staging system.Kaplan-Meier and Logrank methods were used for survival analysis.A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine prognostic factors.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 91.8％,there are 38 patients in 2DCRT and 106 patients in IMRT group was followed more than 3 years.There were significant differences in the 3-year actuarial overall survival (OS) rate ( 36.9％ and 51.3％,x2 =8.44,P =0.004) and local progression-free survival (LRFS) rate (63.3％ and 86.0％,x2 =13.83,P =0.000),and no significant differences in actuarial distant metastasis free survival rates (79.0％ and 83.5％,x2 =0.25,P=0.618 ) between the 2DCRT group and the IMRT group.Multivariate analysis showed that T category and IMRT ( yes vs.no) were the independently prognostic factors for OS and LRFS ( x2 =9.51,5.20,P =0.002,0.023 and x2 =4.84,9.24,P =0.027,0.002 ).The incidence of grade 3and4 trismus and radiation-induced encephalopathy were 19.9％,8.1％ for the IMRT group and 43.2％,24.7％ for the 2DCRT group ( x2 =16.37,P =0.000 and x2 =14.64,P =0.000).Whereas,severe mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx was observed in IMRT group which was not common in 2DCRT (33.2％∶7.4％,x2 =20.19,P=0.000).ConclusionsHigher local tumor control and overall survival were achieved by IMRT than 2DCRT,the incidence of severe trismus and radiation-induced encephalopathy was also reduced by IMRT,in cost of a higher incidence of mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.

Objective To compare the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for T3-4 N0-1 M0 and T14 N2-3 M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after induction chemotherapy.Methods From 2002 to 2005,400 patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳa NPC were randomly divided into 2 groups :induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (IC/CCRT,201 patients),and induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone group (IC/RT, 199 patients).Subgroup analysis was conducted for 197 patients with stage T3-4N0-1M0 NPC and 203 with stage T1-4N2-3M0 NPC.Results The follow-up rate were 96.2%, with a median followg-up time of 3.9 years.For T3-4N0-1 M0 NPC patients in IC/CCRT group (104 patients) and IC/RT group (93 patients), the 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 84.0% and 85.9% (χ2=0.08,P =0.780) ,77.0% and 72.0% (χ2=0.44,P =0.510) ,89.5% and 92.3% (χ2=0.65 ,P = 0.420), and 84.9% and 77.0% (χ2= 1.59, P = 0.210), respectively; For T1-4 N2-3 M0 NPC patients in IC/CCRT group (97 patients) and IC/RT group (106 patients), the corresponding rates were 67.4% and 82.2% (χ2=3.48,P=0.060), 61.5% and 68.0% (χ2= 1.86,P=0.170), 86.2% and 87.0% (χ2=0.57 ,P =0.450) and 66.2% and 75.6% (χ2=2.07 ,P =0.150), respectively.Acute sideeffects were similar except more leucocytopenia in IC/CCRT group than IC/RT group.Conclusions Compared with IC/RT, IC/CCRT dose not improve the overall survival in patients with T3-4N0-1 M0 and T1-4 N2-3 M0 NPC.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with that of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with loco-regionally advanced naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:Data of 240 patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC were reviewed. These patients were admitted to the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2004 and December 2008. Among the 240 patients, 117 under-went the IC+IMRT and 123 were treated with the CCRT+AC. The IC+IMRT group received a regimen including cisplatin and 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU). The CCRT+AC group received cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy and subsequently received adjuvant cisplatin and 5-FU. The survival rates of the patients were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the survival curves were compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results:The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, local relapse-free survival, and the nodal relapse-free survival were 78.0%versus 78.7%, 68.9%versus 67.5%, 79.0%versus 77.0%, 91.6%versus 91.0%, and 95.3%versus 93.7%in the IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC groups, respectively. The survival between the two groups exhibited no significant differences. Higher rates of Grades 3 to 4 nau-sea-vomiting (8.1%vs. 1.7%, P=0.023) and leukopenia (9.7%vs. 0.9%, P=0.006) were observed in the CCRT+AC group. Multivariate analysis revealed that N stage and age were significant prognostic factors for the OS of the patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC. Conclusion:The treatment outcomes of IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC were similar. Distant metastasis remained as the predominant mode of treatment failure.