Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of trimetazidine in short-term treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by heart failure. Methods Sixty seven cases of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with heart failure were recruited and divided into two groups randomly,the control group(n = 33) had conventional therapy and the treatment group (n = 34) had conventional therapy plus oral tid 20 mg trimetazidine administration for 3 months. Results The heart function improved significantly in both groups. The overall effective rate was significantly lower in the control group than the treatment group(69. 7% vs. 88.2%,P ＜ 0. 05). In the treatment group, before treating the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output per minute (CO), 6 min walk test(6-MWT), were(28.7 ± 13. 6) %,(31.0 ± 8. 7) ml,(3. 10 ± 0. 49) L/min,(138.0 ± 30. 4) m respectively, and after treazing these indices were(38. 5 ± 9. 7) %,(48. 5 ± 6. 8) ml, (4. 90 ± 0. 98) L/min,(350. 0 ± 20. 4) m respectively, which increased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜0. 05). However,in the treatment group ,before treatment left ventricular. End-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were (68. 0 ± 8. 0)mm,(70. 0 ± 7. 8) mm,(669. 0 ± 71.4) μg/L respectively, whereas after treatment these indices were(59. 0 ± 6. 7) mm,(68.0 ± 7. 9) μg/L,(340. 0 ± 56. 0) μg/L respectively, which decreased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜ 0. 05). In the control group, before treatment LVEF, SV, CO, 6-M WT were(28. 5 ±13.9) %,(30. 0 ± 9. 9) ml,(3.00 ± 0. 48) L/min,(130. 0 ± 28. 6) m respectively, whereas after treating these indices were(34. 0 ± 8. 5) %,(34. 0±11.0) ml,(3. 90 ± 0. 56) L/min,(254. 0 ± 30. 0) m, respectively,which increased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜ 0. 05). While in the control group, before treatment LVESD,LVEDD and BNP were (67.0 ± 9. 0) mm, (70. 0 ± 8.0) mm,(666. 0 ± 70. 8) μg/L respectively, whereas after treatment these indices were(60. 0 ± 5. 5) mm,(66. 0 ± 5.7) mm,(350. 0 ± 55.3) μg/L respectively, which decreased significantly after treatment (Ps ＜ 0. 05). Moreever, the improvement of these indices in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Ps ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The additional administration of trimetazidine to conventional anti-failure treatment can significantly improve the heart function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy,which is worth to be generalized clinically.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between chemical exposure, DNA methylation status and gene-environment interactions in the development of childhood acute leukemia (AL).

METHODSFrom January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2010, an exploratory case-control study was conducted on childhood AL among children who were less than 15 years of age in Shanghai, China. A total of 131 patients with newly diagnosed AL were recruited from 3 Shanghai children hospitals. The controls selected from the same hospital were healthy children who attended the physical check-up held by the department of Children's Healthcare, or who visited the clinic of developmental pediatrics or orthopedics (excluding blood diseases and malignant tumors). 140 controls matched with cases in gender and age were included in this study. Chemical exposure were investigated by questionnaires, methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was adopted to analyze the methylation or deletion status of 8 genes, and gene-environment interactions were analyzed by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API) and synergy index (S).

RESULTSThere were 131 and 140 subjects in case and control group, who were aged (6.9 ± 3.8) and (6.9 ± 3.9) years old (t = 0.01, P = 0.911), respectively. After adjusting age and other potential confounding factors, chemical substances' exposure of children/mother/father were all significantly higher in cases than that in controls (Children: OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.69-9.02; Mother: OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.12-6.52; Father: OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.05-3.47). For the 8 genes analyzed, the methylation status of DAPK and PTEN and P73 in case group were significantly higher than that in control group (cases: 3.1% (4 cases), 16.0% (21 cases), 7.6% (10 cases); controls: 0.7% (1 case), 2.9% (4 cases), 0.7% (1 case); χ²: 7.11, 16.90, 11.38; P value: 0.029, 0.000, 0.003). The methylation status of P16 in case group was significantly lower than that in control group (cases: 3.8% (5 cases); controls: 8.6% (12 cases), χ² = 10.33, P = 0.007). The interactions of children chemical substances' exposure and 3 genes' (PTEN, P16 and P73) methylation status were probably existed after adjusted for confounding factors (PTEN: RERI = -7.01, API = -2.14, S = 0.24; P16: RERI = 4.08, API = 0.53, S = 2.59; P73: RERI = 4.32, API = 0.48, S = 2.19), we also found the potential interaction between maternal chemical substances' exposure and PTEN, P16 gene methylation status (PTEN: RERI = -1.30, API = -0.38, S = 0.65; P16: RERI = 1.70, API = 0.38, S = 1.97).

CONCLUSIONThe study suggested the strong combined effects of chemical substances exposure of children and abnormal methylation status were risk factors of childhood AL, and there existed different interaction between them, which may indicate the important role in the pathogenesis process of childhood AL.

Acute Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA Methylation ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Leukemia ; epidemiology ; Maternal Exposure ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL).

METHODSA 1:2 matched case-control study of childhood AL was conducted in Shanghai between April 2011 and January 2014. The study enrolled 66 cases aged < 15, diagnosed with AL and 132 controls matched by age, gender and residence. All of the controls had no hematological diseases or previous history of malignancy. Children who had been adopted and had congenital genetic syndromes such as Down's syndrome or a positive HIV test result were not eligible as either cases or controls. Information was obtained from standardized face-to-face interviews of their parents/guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and household environment. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze effecting factors of childhood AL, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

RESULTSAmong 198 cases, 66 cases were aged (5.0 ± 3.7) years old, and 132 controls were aged (6.0 ± 3.8) years old (t = 0.48, P = 0.523). The paternal drink frequencies of cases and controls were 57.6% (38/66), and 31.1% (41/132), respectively (χ² = 4.91, P = 0.027). And the frequencies of household insecticides usage in the last year in the two groups were 78.8% (52/66), and 65.2% (86/132) (χ² = 3.87, P = 0.049). Chemical exposure during childhood (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.34-16.89), maternal exposure to chemicals (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.65-12.33), household insecticides use during 0-3 years of child (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.31-6.39), and renovating after their children's birth (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.26-7.74) were associated with an increased risk of childhood AL and these differences between the cases and the controls have statistical significance. Besides, we found that frequent contaction with other children during 0-3 years old (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.69) and ventilation during sleeping in summer (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood AL.

CONCLUSIONOur results support the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and childhood AL.

Acute Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides ; Leukemia ; epidemiology ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Exposure ; Neoplasms ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL) . Methods A 1∶2 matched case-control study of childhood AL was conducted in Shanghai between April 2011 and January 2014. The study enrolled 66 cases aged<15, diagnosed with AL and 132 controls matched by age, gender and residence. All of the controls had no hematological diseases or previous history of malignancy. Children who had been adopted and had congenital genetic syndromes such as Down's syndrome or a positive HIV test result were not eligible as either cases or controls. Information was obtained from standardized face-to-face interviews of their parents/guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and household environment. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze effecting factors of childhood AL, odds ratios (OR) and their 95%confidence intervals (CI) were calculated . Results Among 198 cases, 66 cases were aged (5.0±3.7) years old, and 132 controls were aged (6.0±3.8)years old (t=0.48, P=
0.523). The paternal drink frequencies of cases and controls were 57.6% (38/66), and 31.1% (41/132), respectively (χ2=4.91, P=0.027). And the frequencies of household insecticides usage in the last year in the two groups were 78.8% (52/66), and 65.2% (86/132) (χ2=3.87, P=0.049). Chemical exposure during childhood (OR=4.76, 95%CI:1.34-16.89), maternal exposure to chemicals (OR=4.51, 95%CI:1.65-12.33), household insecticides use during 0-3 years of child (OR=2.90, 95%CI: 1.31-6.39), and renovating after their children's birth (OR=3.12, 95%CI:1.26-7.74) were associated with an increased risk of childhood AL and these differences between the cases and the controls have statistical significance. Besides, we found that frequent contaction with other children during 0-3 years old (OR=0.32, 95%CI:0.15-0.69) and ventilation during sleeping in summer (OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.18-0.98) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood AL. Conclusion Our results support the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and childhood AL.

Objective To evaluate the association between chemical exposure, DNA methylation status and gene-environment interactions in the development of childhood acute leukemia (AL). Methods From January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2010,an exploratory case-control study was conducted on childhood AL among children who were less than 15 years of age in Shanghai, China. A total of 131 patients with newly diagnosed AL were recruited from 3 Shanghai children hospitals. The controls selected from the same hospital were healthy children who attended the physical check-up held by the department of Children's Healthcare, or who visited the clinic of developmental pediatrics or orthopedics (excluding blood
diseases and malignant tumors). 140 controls matched with cases in gender and age were included in this study. Chemical exposure were investigated by questionnaires, methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was adopted to analyze the methylation or deletion status of 8 genes, and gene-environment interactions were analyzed by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API) and synergy index (S). Results There were 131 and 140 subjects in case and control group,who were aged(6.9 ± 3.8)and(6.9 ± 3.9)years old(t=0.01,P=0.911),respectively. After adjusting age and other potential confounding factors, chemical substances' exposure of children/mother/father were all significantly higher in cases than that in controls (Children: OR=3.90, 95%CI:1.69-9.02; Mother: OR=2.71, 95%CI:1.12-6.52;Father:OR=1.91, 95%CI:1.05-3.47). For the 8 genes analyzed, the methylation status of DAPK and PTEN and P73 in case group were significantly higher than that in control group (cases:3.1%(4 cases), 16.0%(21 cases),7.6%(10 cases);controls:0.7%(1 case),2.9%(4 cases),0.7%(1 case);χ2:7.11,16.90,11.38;P value:0.029, 0.000, 0.003). The methylation status of P16 in case group was significantly lower than that in control group (cases: 3.8%(5 cases);controls: 8.6%(12 cases), χ2=10.33, P=0.007). The interactions of children chemical substances' exposure and 3 genes' (PTEN, P16 and P73) methylation status were probably existed after adjusted for confounding factors (PTEN:RERI=-7.01,API=-2.14,S=0.24;P16:RERI=4.08,API=0.53,S=2.59;P73:RERI=4.32,API=0.48,S=2.19), we also found the potential interaction between maternal chemical substances' exposure and PTEN,P16 gene methylation status(PTEN:RERI=-1.30,API=-0.38,S=0.65;P16:RERI=1.70,API=0.38,S=1.97). Conclusion The study suggested the strong combined effects of chemical substances exposure of children and abnormal methylation status were risk factors of childhood AL, and there existed different interaction between them, which may indicate the important role in the pathogenesis process of childhood AL.

Objective To investigate the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL) . Methods A 1∶2 matched case-control study of childhood AL was conducted in Shanghai between April 2011 and January 2014. The study enrolled 66 cases aged<15, diagnosed with AL and 132 controls matched by age, gender and residence. All of the controls had no hematological diseases or previous history of malignancy. Children who had been adopted and had congenital genetic syndromes such as Down's syndrome or a positive HIV test result were not eligible as either cases or controls. Information was obtained from standardized face-to-face interviews of their parents/guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and household environment. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze effecting factors of childhood AL, odds ratios (OR) and their 95%confidence intervals (CI) were calculated . Results Among 198 cases, 66 cases were aged (5.0±3.7) years old, and 132 controls were aged (6.0±3.8)years old (t=0.48, P=
0.523). The paternal drink frequencies of cases and controls were 57.6% (38/66), and 31.1% (41/132), respectively (χ2=4.91, P=0.027). And the frequencies of household insecticides usage in the last year in the two groups were 78.8% (52/66), and 65.2% (86/132) (χ2=3.87, P=0.049). Chemical exposure during childhood (OR=4.76, 95%CI:1.34-16.89), maternal exposure to chemicals (OR=4.51, 95%CI:1.65-12.33), household insecticides use during 0-3 years of child (OR=2.90, 95%CI: 1.31-6.39), and renovating after their children's birth (OR=3.12, 95%CI:1.26-7.74) were associated with an increased risk of childhood AL and these differences between the cases and the controls have statistical significance. Besides, we found that frequent contaction with other children during 0-3 years old (OR=0.32, 95%CI:0.15-0.69) and ventilation during sleeping in summer (OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.18-0.98) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood AL. Conclusion Our results support the association between children's and their parents' lifestyles, household environmental exposures and childhood AL.

Objective To evaluate the association between chemical exposure, DNA methylation status and gene-environment interactions in the development of childhood acute leukemia (AL). Methods From January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2010,an exploratory case-control study was conducted on childhood AL among children who were less than 15 years of age in Shanghai, China. A total of 131 patients with newly diagnosed AL were recruited from 3 Shanghai children hospitals. The controls selected from the same hospital were healthy children who attended the physical check-up held by the department of Children's Healthcare, or who visited the clinic of developmental pediatrics or orthopedics (excluding blood
diseases and malignant tumors). 140 controls matched with cases in gender and age were included in this study. Chemical exposure were investigated by questionnaires, methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was adopted to analyze the methylation or deletion status of 8 genes, and gene-environment interactions were analyzed by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API) and synergy index (S). Results There were 131 and 140 subjects in case and control group,who were aged(6.9 ± 3.8)and(6.9 ± 3.9)years old(t=0.01,P=0.911),respectively. After adjusting age and other potential confounding factors, chemical substances' exposure of children/mother/father were all significantly higher in cases than that in controls (Children: OR=3.90, 95%CI:1.69-9.02; Mother: OR=2.71, 95%CI:1.12-6.52;Father:OR=1.91, 95%CI:1.05-3.47). For the 8 genes analyzed, the methylation status of DAPK and PTEN and P73 in case group were significantly higher than that in control group (cases:3.1%(4 cases), 16.0%(21 cases),7.6%(10 cases);controls:0.7%(1 case),2.9%(4 cases),0.7%(1 case);χ2:7.11,16.90,11.38;P value:0.029, 0.000, 0.003). The methylation status of P16 in case group was significantly lower than that in control group (cases: 3.8%(5 cases);controls: 8.6%(12 cases), χ2=10.33, P=0.007). The interactions of children chemical substances' exposure and 3 genes' (PTEN, P16 and P73) methylation status were probably existed after adjusted for confounding factors (PTEN:RERI=-7.01,API=-2.14,S=0.24;P16:RERI=4.08,API=0.53,S=2.59;P73:RERI=4.32,API=0.48,S=2.19), we also found the potential interaction between maternal chemical substances' exposure and PTEN,P16 gene methylation status(PTEN:RERI=-1.30,API=-0.38,S=0.65;P16:RERI=1.70,API=0.38,S=1.97). Conclusion The study suggested the strong combined effects of chemical substances exposure of children and abnormal methylation status were risk factors of childhood AL, and there existed different interaction between them, which may indicate the important role in the pathogenesis process of childhood AL.

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics of skull base in children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) by three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of skull base.Methods:Three-dimensional spiral CT data of HFM children with unilateral involvement who had not received any treatment from the First Center of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups according to the Pruzansky-Kaban classification standard: Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅲ. The three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the skull base were performed using Mimics 17.0 software. Linear measurements of the skull base included the distance from tuberculum sellae to optic canal (OT), foramen rotundum (FrT), foramen ovale (FT), internal acoustic meatus (IT), hypoglossal canal (HT), and the distance from anterior clinoid process to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (ClS) and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone (ClP). The measurement indexes of skull base angle included anterior cranial angle (ACA), middle cranial angle (MCA), posterior cranial angle (PCA), and petrous ridge angle (PRA). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement result. Paired t-test was used for comparison within each group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between different types. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 40 children with HFM were collected, with 10 cases in each group. The result of skull base angle measurement showed that the MCA of the healthy side of typeⅠHFM was significantly larger than that of the affected side, and the MCA and PRA of the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM were larger than those of the affected side ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the angle of skull base between the healthy side and the affected side of typeⅡa andⅡb HFM ( P>0.05). In terms of linear distance measurement of skull base, FrT and HT on the healthy side of typeⅠHFM were longer than those on the affected side; FrT, IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡa HFM were significantly longer than those on the affected side; IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡb HFM were longer than those on the affected side; and HT on the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM was longer than those on the affected side ( P<0.05). The difference between FrT and ClP (affected / healthy) of four types of HFM was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The morphology of HFM is different between the affected side and the healthy side. As for the angle of skull base, MCA was obvious smaller in the affected side than that in the healthy side in the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ HFM. As for the linear measurement, the distance from the hypoglossal canal to the tuberculum sellae on the affected side is shorter than that on the healthy side in each type HFM, indicating that the growth and development of the cranial base on the affected side is affected in a certain degree.

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics of skull base in children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) by three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of skull base.Methods:Three-dimensional spiral CT data of HFM children with unilateral involvement who had not received any treatment from the First Center of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups according to the Pruzansky-Kaban classification standard: Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅲ. The three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the skull base were performed using Mimics 17.0 software. Linear measurements of the skull base included the distance from tuberculum sellae to optic canal (OT), foramen rotundum (FrT), foramen ovale (FT), internal acoustic meatus (IT), hypoglossal canal (HT), and the distance from anterior clinoid process to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (ClS) and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone (ClP). The measurement indexes of skull base angle included anterior cranial angle (ACA), middle cranial angle (MCA), posterior cranial angle (PCA), and petrous ridge angle (PRA). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement result. Paired t-test was used for comparison within each group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between different types. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 40 children with HFM were collected, with 10 cases in each group. The result of skull base angle measurement showed that the MCA of the healthy side of typeⅠHFM was significantly larger than that of the affected side, and the MCA and PRA of the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM were larger than those of the affected side ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the angle of skull base between the healthy side and the affected side of typeⅡa andⅡb HFM ( P>0.05). In terms of linear distance measurement of skull base, FrT and HT on the healthy side of typeⅠHFM were longer than those on the affected side; FrT, IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡa HFM were significantly longer than those on the affected side; IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡb HFM were longer than those on the affected side; and HT on the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM was longer than those on the affected side ( P<0.05). The difference between FrT and ClP (affected / healthy) of four types of HFM was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The morphology of HFM is different between the affected side and the healthy side. As for the angle of skull base, MCA was obvious smaller in the affected side than that in the healthy side in the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ HFM. As for the linear measurement, the distance from the hypoglossal canal to the tuberculum sellae on the affected side is shorter than that on the healthy side in each type HFM, indicating that the growth and development of the cranial base on the affected side is affected in a certain degree.