Identifying biomarkers predicting clinical response to treatment of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade can guide patient selection and therapeutic individualization.Some researches have shown that patients with cancer will acquire better clinical effects by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 pathway whose characteristics include higher pretreatment expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells or tumor infiltrating immune cells,the massive infiltration of intratumoral CD8 + T cells,the high mutation frequency of tumor cell gene.These biomarkers are expected to become indicators which can select patients.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2(eEF1 A2),which plays a role in the translational elongation process,is normally expressed only in the heart,brain and skeletal musle,but recent studies found it is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and closely related to the oncogenesis and development of tumor.As the signal transduction mechanism is clarified,eEF1A2 is likely to become a novel target for tumor therapy.

High mobility group protein A (HMGA) plays a critical role in the development of a variety of tumors.It's expression level will abnormally increase with the increase of the malignant degrees of astrocytoma and metastasis potential.Let-7 which is a kind of small RNA endogenous coding negatively regulates HMGA genes as a tumor suppressor.The expression of let-7 reduces while HMGA rises in many kinds of tumors was obversed.Therefore,this finding provides new references for the early diagnosis of tumor and also provides new approaches for therapy of tumor.

The ADAMs(a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of transmembrane or secreted proteins with important roles in cell fusion,adhesion,degradation of extracellular matrix,proteolysis,and signaling.The most important domains of ADAMs includes metalloprotease domain and disintegrin domain.Some ADAMs have been observed in gastric and colorectai cancer,and produced a marked effects during the tumor development and metastasis.The further research of ADAMs may provide more choices for tumor target therapy.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative MRI for advanced gastric cancer and metastasis. Methods MRI was preoperatively performed in 36 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma by the superconductive type of magnetic resonance imaging instrument through a single breath holding fast scan sequence, the results were correlated with the intraoperative and histopathologic findings.[WT5”HZ] Results[WT5”BZ] The correct rate of localization and qualitative determination in gastric carcinoma by MRI were both 100%. The displaying rate of metastatic lymph notes was 83%(25/30), and the correct diagnostic rate was 73%(35/48) for metastasis or invasion to adjacent abdominal organs.[WT5”HZ] Conclusions[WT5”BZ] Gastric carcinoma shows characteristic MRI pictures, hence MRI examination has the advantage of diagnosing gastric cacinoma, its spreading, even metastasis of lymph nodes.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor( CIST) and digestive tract cancer in 6 cases. Methods The clinical and pathologic data of 6 patients of synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and digestive tract cancer from January 2005 to September 2010 in Wuhan Union Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 4 cases both tumors were located in the same organ, in the other 2 cases tumors were located in the adjacent sites of digestive tract. Only 1 case was found both tumors by preoperative examination , and the others were found digestive tract cancer. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors were all in the very low risk group, the diameter of CISTs was less than 1 cm and the mitotic score was less than 2/50 HPF in all the cases. Digestive tract cancer showed no specical demonstrations both macroscopically and microscopically. Conclusions Clinical features of synchronous occurrence of CIST and digestive tract cancer are atypical. We should pay much attention to this entity in clinical practice. In this series, most CIST are in early stage and of low risk of malignance. The prognosis of patients with synchronous occurrence of GIST and digestive tract cancer mainly depends on digestive tract cancer.

EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2),which represses gene expression by catalyzing lysine 27 of histone H3.It is overexpressed in prostate cancer,breast cancer,bladder cancer,gastric cancer and several other cancers.There is a close correlation between overexpression of EZH2 and progression of malignancy,invasion and migration of cancer cells.With a thorough understanding of the function,up and down stream regulatory mechanism and clinicopathological features,EZH2 will be expected to as a target and provide a new way for the treatment of cancers.

Objective By observing the effectiveness of epidermal growth factor(EGF)combined with 5-flauouracil(5-FU)in the treatment of human colorectal cancer,to explore the anti-tumor effects of EGF.Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects of EGF and 5-FU alone or combined use on the growth of tumor cells.The effects of EGF on PCNA expression were detected by Western blot,and flow cytometry was done to measure the changes in cell cycle.Results EGF could induce proliferation of tumor cells.With the increase in concentration of EGF,the number of cells in G0 phase was significantly reduced,and the expression of PCNA obviously increased.There was significant difference between 100 or 1 000 ng/mL EGF groups and control group(P＜0.05).The combined use of EGF and 5-FU could more significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells than 5-FU alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion EGF can enhance the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cell Caco-2 to 5-FU,which might be related to the induction of proliferation of quiescent colorectal cancer cells.

Objective To explore the methods, safety and efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and pericardial devascularization. Methods Five patients underwent LS and pericardial devascularization from January to June 2003. Results All the operations were completed under laparoscope and no hand-assisted procedure was required. The operating time was 3.0～4.0 hours (mean, 3.5 hours) and the intraoperative blood loss was 250～450 ml (mean, 350 ml). No surgical complications occurred. Conclusions Laparoscopic splenectomy with pericardial devascularization is a feasible, effective, safe and minimally invasive procedure for patients with normal-sized to medium-enlarged spleen.

Objective To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) enhance the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 or not. Methods Cultured HepG2 cells were treated by TNF-? with various concentration and time. The morphological changes of HepG2 cells were studied microscopically and the proliferation of HepG2 were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 mRNA in cultured HepG2 were determined by relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The VEGF and MMP-9 protein level in supernatants and in cytoplasm were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunocytochemical staining, respectively.Results There was a little morphological changes in HepG2 with TNF-? treatment, but no change of cell proliferation in corresponding time. The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 mRNA was enhanced gradually with the TNF-? concentration increasing, the VEGF and MMP-9 protein level in supernatants and in cytoplasm was elevated gradually with the concentration increasing. There was a dependance on the concentration when the concentration of TNF-? was lower than or equal to 10~4 U/L. Furthermore, the effect of promotion was close to peak when the TNF-? concentration up to 10~4 U/L; but no time-effect pattern observed. Conclusion TNF-? can enhance the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 at the level of mRNA and protein in hepatic cancer cell line.