Adolescent ; Adult ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To establish an animal behavioral model of tinnitus with step -down test ,and make use of the model to analyze the tinnitus genesis site in the salicylate-rats .Methods Forty wistar rats were includscl in this study ,they were randonly into 2 groups(experinent group and constrot group ,20 rats each group) .Ascertain that the animals treated with sodium salicylate(SS) have the sensation of tinnitus with the method of step -down test behavioral model .After having established a behavioral conditioned reflex ,subjects responded correctly to jump onto a climbing pole after hearing the sound .Then animals were under bilateral auditory nerves section ,to test whether the ablated-animals could still jump onto the pole after being treated with SS .Results Animals with the ab‐lating surgery could seldom jump onto the pole ,only reaching 1 .59 ± 0 .12 times average per 10 tests .Compared with con‐trol group ,there were significant differences with t-Test (P<0 .05) ,suggesting that subjects could not hear the tinnitus after the surgery .Conclusion Sodium salicylate could not make the animals with bilateral auditory nerves section to have the sensation of tinnitus .The peripheral auditory system plays an extremely important role in salicylate-induced tinnitus .

AIM: To establish recombination plasmid pEGFP-NGB and to investigate the expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglia cells. METHODS: The NGB cds was isolated by using RT-PCR method with total RNA extracted from fetal Kunming mouse brain, then the NGB cds was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1 of EGFP reported green fluorescence protein. The expression vector of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB was successfully constructed. GeneJamer transfection reagent was used to transfer recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB into culture neuroglial cells. The mRNA and protein expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglial cells were investigated. RESULTS: The positive clone sequencing was consistent with the sequence of Genbank. The NGB mRNA and protein expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglial cells were detected at high levels. The high expression of green fluorescence protein was observed by fluorescence microscope in culture neuroglial cells. CONCLUSION: The expression vector of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB was successfully constructed and green fluorescence protein was expressed in cultured neuroglial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods of culture, identification and label of embryonic rat neural stem cells. METHOD: The cells isolated from fetal rat hippocampus were identified with nestin immunocytochemical fluorescent staining. The cellular multiplication was observed by immunocytochemical fluorescence co-label after accession of BrDU. The neural stem cells (NSCs) were marked with fluorescent dye, bisbenzimide (Hoechest33342) and induced to differentiate. The differentiated cells were detected with Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunocytochemical fluorescent staining respectively. RESULT: Nest-like clusters of neural stem cells were obtained in suspension and the cells could be differentiated into neurons and astrocytes which maintaining the main characteristics of NSCs after 8 passages of culture. The label efficiency of cells with Hoechest33342 was 97% and no attenuation of fluorescent brightness was observed after 8 passages of culture. The cellular fluorescence was observed in the NSCs and the differentiated cells. CONCLUSION The cells from embryonic rat hippocampus possessed the abilities of division, multiplication and self-renew, which were believed to be the main characteristics of NSCs of the central nervous system. The cells could be efficiently labeled with fluorescent dye and could be used as donor cells in experimental research on NSCs transplantation.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To study the relation ship between the branch patterns of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and imaging pelvic measurement parameters for anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection (AR) of rectal cancer.Methods:Five hundred thirty-four patient were enrolled from Jan 2008 to Dec 2018 at the General Surgery Department of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital. The AL related imaging risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results:AL was found in 36 (6.7%) patients. AL related mortality rate was 11.1% (4/36) compared to 0.4% (2/498) in those without the complications of no AL cases ( P<0.001). Seven pelvic imaging measurement results were attained in 412 patients including anteroposterior diameter of the inlet of the pelvis, anteroposterior diameter of the outlet of the pelvis, upper edge of the symphysis pubis to the tip of the coccyx, sacrococcygeal distance angle from the lower edge of the pubis to the upper edge of the pubis to the sacral promontory, distance between the ischial spines and that of ischial tuberosity. Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the above 7 pelvic measurement parameters and the occurrence of AL (all P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between branch patterns of IMA and AL after rectal cancer surgery ( P=0.712). Conclusion:AL as a severe postoperative complication in rectal cancer patients undergoing AR procedure were caused by multiple factors. Neither IMA branch patters nor pelvic imaging measurement seem to be related to the occurrence of AL after AR for rectal cancer.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric carcinoma (AFPGC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on 2 671 GC patients admitted from Jan 1998 to Dec 2018 , AFPGC patients and matching AFP negative GC cases were enrolled and their clinicopathological features and prognostic factors were analyzed. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the significance, Univariate analysis was performed by using COX proportional hazard model.Results:There were 98 AFPGC in this study accounting for 4.5% of all GC of the corresponding time period. The proportion of male to female was 2.16∶1, the average age was (65±12) years. The serum AFP levels significantly decreased after operation in most patients (median: 52 ng/ml vs. 5 ng/ml, Ｚ=-2.736, P=0.001). Serum AFP and CEA levels in patients with AFPGC before treatment were significantly higher than that in patients with AFP negative GC (both P<0.05) . Vascular invasion(62.71% vs. 40.68%) and liver metastasis (31.63% vs .6.12%) were more likely to occur in AFPGC groups (both P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in tumor size, location, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (all P>0.05). The prognosis of AFPGC was significant pooer than that in AFP negative GC ( P<0.05). Prognosis of AFPGC patients was significantly correlated with preoperative serum AFP level, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, simultaneous liver metastasis and vascular invasion (all P<0.05) . COX multivariate survival analysis found that preoperative serum AFP level was independent risk factors of patients with AFPGC ( P<0.05). Conclusion:AFPGC is a special GC charactering poor prognosis .

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy of the medial approach(MA) and the lateral approach (LA) in the treatment of colorectal disease.

METHODSStudies published from January 1994 to April 2013 that compared MA to LA in laparoscopic colorectal resection were collected. Publications in English were mainly identified from Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and those in Chinese from Wanfang database and CNKI database. Conversion rate, operative time, blood loss, number of harvested lymph nodes, hospital stay, complication, mortality, recurrence, and hospitalization costs of MA and LA were meta-analyzed using fixed-effect and random-effect models.

RESULTSFive cohort studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 3 retrospective studies) including 881 patients were enrolled and analyzed. Of these patients, 416 and 465 underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection with MA and LA respectively. As compared to LA, MA had significantly lower conversion rate (OR=0.42, 95%CI:0.25-0.72, P=0.001), shorter operative time (WMD=-52.62, 95%CI:-63.23--42.01, P<0.01), less number of harvested lymph nodes (WMD=-1.17, 95%CI:-1.89--0.45, P=0.001), while blood loss was less and hospitalization cost lower. Significant differences in intraoperative complications and postoperative complications were not found between the two group (OR:0.57, 95%CI:0.15-2.18, P=0.41; OR:0.78, 95%CI:0.52-1.17, P=0.23).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with LA, MA has the advantages of shorter operative time and lower conversion rate with similar safety. Differences in blood loss, hospitalization cost and oncological safety between the two approaches warrant further investigation.

Objective To study the relationship between bronchial asthma and smoking status in Chinese people.Methods Asthma epidemiological survey and stratified-cluster-random method survey were performed in residents over 14 years in 8 provinces (cities) of China from February 2010 to August 2012.Asthma was diagnosed based upon case history,clinical signs and lung function test.Smoking status was investigated by questionnaire.Results Sampling population was 180 099 and 164 215 were valid.A total of 2 034 subjects were diagnosed as asthma including 79 692 men and 84 523 women.The overall prevalence rate of asthma was 1.24％ (2 034/164 215).Smokers were 23.8％ (39 137/164 215) in the whole population.Smokers were 34.5％ (702/2 034) in asthmatic patients,compared with 23.7％ (38 435/ 162 181) in no-asthmatic population.The incidence of asthma was 1.79％ and 1.06％ in smokers and nonsmokers respectively (P ＜0.001),suggesting that OR of smoking was 1.70 (95％ CI 1.55-1.86,P ＜ 0.001).According to asthma control test (ACT) score,the level of asthma control in non smoking group was higher than that in smoking group(43.2％ vs 35.3％).The times of hospitalization due to acute exacerbations (0.51 vs 0.41 events/person/year),total hospitalization rate (27.35 ％ vs 20.12％),annual emergency room visits (0.80 vs 0.60 events/person/year) and emergency room visit rate (31.77％ vs 24.47％) were all much higher in smoking asthmatic patients than those in non smoking asthmatic patients,indicating that the level of asthma control in smoking patients was significantly worse than in non smoking patients.Conclusions The smoking rate in Chinese people over 14 years is still high.The prevalence rate of asthma in smokers is significantly higher than that of non-smokers.The level of asthma control in smokers is significantly worse than that in non smokers.