Objective The study aimed to establish a kind of simple,rapid,accurate and reliable method in order to simultaneous determine the phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial. Methods The biomaterial were pre-treated with ethanol(v/v 95%)at pH 3~4 and then was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3~4 and 10~11,respectively. Finally,phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial were simultaneous detected by GC-MS. The retention times and relevant characteristic fragment ions of the three substances in the total ion current(TIC)and the mass spectrogram could be used as the basis of qualitative analysis. Results The method was simple and easy operation. It has the characteristics of low background interference,good separation effect and fast analytical speed. The retention times of phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide were 8.472 min,7.087 min and 6.655 min,respectively. The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital were 204 and 232(m/z),of ibuprofen were 161 and 206(m/z),and of nikethamide were 106 and 177(m/z). Conclusion The method showed a satisfactory result that it could be applied to simultaneous determine phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide of the biomaterial for forensic toxicological analysis.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of ozone on nigra oxidative stress and apoptosis-related protein expression in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Thirty-two adult male SD rats aged 2-3 months and weighted 180-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8):PD group,PD+ozone 20 group (given ozone 20 mg/L),PD+ozone 50 group (given ozone 50 mg/L) and control group; rats in the former three groups were given right striatum injection of 15 μg 6-OHDA to induce PD models,and rats in the control group were given the same volume of normal saline; four weeks after PD inducement,mixed gases of 5.0 mL of oxygen and ozone (20 mg/L and 50 mg/L,1 mg/kg) were given to rats in the PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group,respectively,for 15 d.Then,tissues were obtained from nigra; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by using chromometry; the protein expressions of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were detected by using Western blotting.Results As compared with those in the control group,the GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased and the MDA content was significantly increased in PD group,PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group (P＜0.05); the GSH-Px activity (6.98±0.60 vs 9.37±0.41、10.04±0.59) was significantly increased and the MDA content(2.31±0.54 vs 1.85±0.29、1.79±0.39) was significantly decreased in PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group as compared with those in the PD group (P＜0.05).Western blotting indicated no significant differences of protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 among the four groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ozone can improve antioxidation capability of rats with PD by increasing the activity of GSH-PX,while it does not affect the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2.

Pain permeates the entire process of cancer,and its mechanism is complex,involving tumor microenvironment,cancer-related bone pain,cancer-related visceral pain,cancer-related neuro-pathic pain,and surgery and radiotherapy-related factors.Studies have indicated that lidocaine can al-leviate intractable cancer pain for opioids,and its mechanism of action in treating various types of cancer pain may also be different,involving the regulation of acid-sensing ion channels(ASICS),transient receptor potential channels(TRP),voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs),nerve growth factor(NGF),glutamate and its receptors,inflammatory cells and cytokines,microglia,astrocytes,and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1).This paper reviewed the mechanisms of cancer pain,the mechanisms of lidocaine in treating different types of cancer pain as well as its clinical appli-cations.

Pain permeates the entire process of cancer,and its mechanism is complex,involving tumor microenvironment,cancer-related bone pain,cancer-related visceral pain,cancer-related neuro-pathic pain,and surgery and radiotherapy-related factors.Studies have indicated that lidocaine can al-leviate intractable cancer pain for opioids,and its mechanism of action in treating various types of cancer pain may also be different,involving the regulation of acid-sensing ion channels(ASICS),transient receptor potential channels(TRP),voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs),nerve growth factor(NGF),glutamate and its receptors,inflammatory cells and cytokines,microglia,astrocytes,and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1).This paper reviewed the mechanisms of cancer pain,the mechanisms of lidocaine in treating different types of cancer pain as well as its clinical appli-cations.