Objective:To explore the value of MR-cine for assessment of the duodenum peristalsis in the patients with functional dyspepsia.Methods:25 patients with functional dyspepsia were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of RomeⅢ of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs)as case group and 25 cases of healthy volunteers who had been screened out in clinic were used as normal control group. After fasting for 8 h,supine position was performed.1.5TGEHDxMR was used to scan the coronal,axial and oblique coronal fast steady state precession (FIESTA)sequence of gastric and duodenal descending part.The images of 5 and 15 min after drinking 600 mL mannitol solution (concentration 2.5%)were collected and sent to MR AW4.4 workstation.The duodenal motility in the patients with functional dyspepsia was measured by recording the times of duodenum and measuring and calculating the percentage occlusion of duodenum contractions (PDC). Results:After drinking mannitol, the oblique coronal scan of all subj ects clearly displayed the anatomical structure and peristaltic wave of descending part of duodenum. After drinking 5 and 1 5 min of mannitol,the peristaltic wave frequencies in case group were lower than those in normal control group. The descending duodenum PDC of the patients in case group was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P<0.01)5 min after drinking. The PDC in normal control group 15 min after drinking was lower than 5 min (P<0.05);the duodenal PDC 15 min after drinking of mannitol had no statistical difference between case group and normal control group (P>0.05).Conclusion:MR-cine can evaluate preliminarly the duodenum peristalsis of the patients with functional dyspepsia. The diagnosis of FGIDs can be further studied by using the noninvasive MR-cine examination technique.

Objective To investigate the volume of hippocampal formation in normal adult using coronal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 3D-fSPGR sequence was used to depict the brain in 68 healthy adult. The volume of hippocampus was calculated by drawing the outline of 10 coronal hippocampal formation images acquired equally form posterior border of rostrum corpus callosum to anterior border of the splenium. Data were analysed using the SPSS 17.0 software. Results In the coronal plane images of normal adult brain, the absolute volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319.63-2 610.73 mm3 and 2 447.52-2 749.50 mm3 respectively . The relative volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319 . 87-2 602 . 47 mm 3 and 2 443.96-2 755.89 mm3. There were no correlation between hippocampal volume and age (r = 0.084, P = 0.549. Significant gender differences (t=2.500, P=0.029) were observed between absolute volume of right hippocampal formation in the youth group. There were significant differences in the absolute volume (t = -2.571, P = 0.022), relative volume (t = 2.600, P = 0.021) among the right and left hippocampal formation. Significant absolute volume differences (P = 0.038) were observed between the middle-aged group and the youth group among the hippocampal formation of women. Conclusion No significant differences were observed in age, gender among the hippocampal volume of normal adult, and there was a significant difference between the left and right hippocampal formation volume.

Purpose To explore the ADC value in distinguishing prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reviewing related articles. Materials and Methods The studies about the diffusion-weighted images in distinguishing the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled from the websites of Elsevier Science, PubMed, Springer-Link, Wiley Online Library, Medline and CNKI from 2000 to 2011, with DWI, prostate, cancer, carcinoma and hyperplasia as search terms. According to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, the correct studies were chosen and the parameters including the mean values and standard deviations of ADC value were extracted. Meta-analysis was done by using Stata 11 software. Results A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 4 English articles and 3 Chinese articles. The fixed-effect model was used due to no heterogeneity. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was-1.357 and 95%confidence interval (95%CI) was (-1.604,-1.109, P=0.000). Conclusion DWI can be helpful in distinguishing the prostate cancer from the benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the ADC value of PCa is lower than that of BPH.

0.05). The peak of NAA was significantly different between high grade glioma and metastatic carcinoma(P0.05). The peak of AA was characteristic of brain abscess. The ratio of Cho/Cr0 in brain abscess was significantly lower than those in high grade glioma and metastatic carcinoma(P

Objective To probe the value of clinical application of three dimensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D CE MRA) for diagnosis of peripheral artery occlusive diseases (PAOD) and to assess its accuracy. Methods One hundred and three cases of PAOD received 3D CE MRA before operation. And 579 vascular segments were displayed. The diagnosis of 3D CE MRA before operation were compared with the results of vascular reconstruction surgeries of lower extremities. The image quality and how 3D CE MRA revealed the abnormal blood vessels were evaluated. Results Satisfactory images of the main arteries of the lower extremities were achieved by 3D CE MRA. In 579 vascular segments of 103 patients with PAOD,the sensitivity and specificity for detection of severe stenosis and occlusions were 97.6% and 95.4%,respectively. In 206 vascular segments of tibiofibula artery,the sensitivity was 100%. In 196 vascular segments of femoral artery,the specificity was 97%. Conclusion 3D CE MRA is accurate and reliable for determination of the degree of peripheral artery stenosis. The results of 3D CE MRA are concordant with that of operation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in the pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods Database including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Academic Degree Dissertation Database and Conference Database were searched with malignant obstructive jaundice,pancreaticoduodenectomy,preoperative biliary drainage,comparative study.Literatures about the randomized controlled trials of PBD (PBD group) and efficacy of early surgery (ES group) in the pancreaticoduodenectomy were retrieved from January 2001 to December 2013,and then a Meta analysis was carried out based on the data.The count data were analyzed using the odds ratio (OR),relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI),and the measurement data were analyzed using mean difference (MD) and 95％ CI.The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using the I2 test.Data were integrated by fixed or random effect model.Results Twelve literatures including 1 982 patients were selected.There were 1 029 patients in the PBD group and 953 in the ES group.The results of Meta analysis showed that the operation time,volume of blood loss and rate of postoperative wound infection in the PBD group were significantly different from those in the ES group (MD =10.50,107.92,95％ CI:6.34-14.66,16.43-199.42;RR =1.62,95％CI:1.19-2.21,P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the postoperative mortality,incidence of pancreatic fistula,incidence of bile leakage,incidence of delayed gastric emptying and duration of hospital stay between the 2 groups (RR=0.69,95％CI:0.52-0.92;OR =0.68,1.35,95％CI:0.38-1.21,0.93-1.95;MD =0.69,95％CI:-0.67-2.05;RR =0.00,95％ CI:-0.02-0.01,P ＞0.05).Conclusion PBD in the pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant obstructive jaundice cannot reduce postoperative mortality and incidence of complications in patients,and should not be used as the conventional management in the perioperative period.

Objective:To measure the safe range from the foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and to provide guidance for operation through pterygopalatine fossa.Methods:The skulls of 121 volunteers were scanned to get the final results with thin-section computed tomographic images.The position of the siphon of internal carotid artery (point A)and foramen rotundum (pointB)were ascertained.Three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used to build a coordinate system paralleled to the frankfort horizontal plane and the nasal septum plane.The coordinate system took point A as the coordinate origin.Point C and point D were the projections of point A in two planes parallel with frankfort horizontal plane and nasal septum plane which included point B.The distances of AC,AB,and BC were measured. The angles of the line went through A and B to the three planes were also measured.Results:The distance of AC was measured as 13.22 (3.79)mm (range,8.33 - 105.67 mm;95%CI:8.55 - 21.39 mm).The angle to the sagittal plane was measured as 33.54 (9.23)° (range,5.38- 66.58°;95%CI:30.88 - 34.20°). The angle to the coronal plane was measured as 53.17 (10.48)°(range,5.60-75.02°;95%CI:51.29-55.06°).The angle to the horizontal plane was measured as 9.43 (12.91 ) mm (range,- 28.44 - 82.22;95% CI:7.11 - 11.76 ). Conclusion:The safety distance from foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery in the operation through pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) under nasoendoscope is obtained by thin-section computed tomographic images.

Objective:To measure the morphologic data of Chinese temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with computed tomography (CT) reconstruction technology,and to clarify the safe area for the fixation of Chinese temporomandibular joint prosthesis.Methods:A total of 100 adult skulls were scanned by CT and reconstructed.The width,thickness and angle h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α and β of zygomatic arch,the width and height BD and h of articular fossa and the width,thickness and angle S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ of mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis were measured;all the measurement indexes were divided into left and right groups by direction,and SPSS 19.0 software was used for the comparion of the measurement between left and right groups.Results:There were no statistical differences in the measurement index values of h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α,β,BD,h,S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ in zygomatic arch,articular fossa and mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis between left and right groups (P＞0.05);the width of h2 was longer than that of h3 in zygomatic arch (P=0.048);the thickness of d3 was thicker than that of d4 (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The measurement data of TMJ fixed area is obtained with three-dimensional CT images.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET/CT hypoxia imaging in early response to heavy ion radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods:From April 2018 to January 2021, the 18F-FMISO PET/CT images of 23 NSCLC patients (19 males, 4 females; age (64.9±10.3) years) who received heavy ion radiotherapy in Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center were retrospectively analyzed. The evaluation parameters included tumor volume (TV), tumor to background ratio (TBR) before and after radiotherapy. Patients were divided into hypoxia group and non-hypoxia group with the baseline TBR value≥1.4 as hypoxia threshold. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the differences of TV and TBR before and after radiotherapy in 2 groups. Results:Of 23 NSCLC patients, 17 were hypoxia and 6 were non-hypoxia. Compared with the baseline, TV after the radiotherapy (59.44(22.86, 99.43) and 33.78(8.68, 54.44) cm 3; z=-3.05, P=0.002) and TBR after the radiotherapy (2.25(2.09, 2.82) and 1.42(1.24, 1.67); z=-3.39, P=0.001) of the hypoxia group were significantly lower, while TV (16.19(6.74, 36.52) and 8.59(4.38, 25.47) cm 3; z=-1.57, P=0.120) and TBR (1.19(1.05, 1.27) and 1.10 (0.97, 1.14); z=-1.89, P=0.060) of the non-hypoxia group decreased with no significant differences. Conclusions:Hypoxic NSCLC tumors are sensitive to heavy ion radiation. Compared with non-hypoxic tumors, hypoxic tumors respond more quickly, and a significant reduction in TV can be observed early after radiotherapy. Heavy ion radiation can significantly improve tumor hypoxia.

Objective: To study the anatomical features of the distal humerus in Chinese healthy adults. Methods: A total of 121 cases of normal elbow joint CT images were selected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and reconstructed and measured on the AW4.5 workstation. Coronal plane and horizontal plane were determined by flexion-extension (FE) axis and humeral shaft, while the sagittal plane was perpendicular to the FE axis. The angle between the axis of humerus medullary cavity and the FE axis of elbow (H-FE angle) was measured on the coronal plane. The capitellar height (CH), lateral trochlear height (LTH), trochlear height (TH) and medial trochlear height (MTH) were measured on four different sagittal planes. The capitellar width (CW), capitellar depth (CD), anterior lateral trochlear width (ALTW), posterior lateral trochlear width (PLTW), trochlear width (TW), anterior medial trochlear width (AMTW), posterior medial trochlear width (PMTW), trochlear depth (TD), anterior lateral trochlear depth (ALTD), posterior lateral trochlear depth (PLTD), anterior medial trochlear depth (AMTD), posterior medial trochlear depth (PMTD), and distal humeral width (W) were measured on the horizontal plane. The gender differences in measured parameters, correlations between data, and differences in H-FE angle from 90° were analyzed. Results: In male, CH was 21.5± 1.3 mm, CW 17.5±1.1 mm, CD 10.8±0.9 mm, TW 25.1±2.2 mm, TH 17.3±1.5 mm, TD 17.5±1.4 mm, ALTW 7.7±1.2 mm, PLTW 12.5±1.6 mm, AMTW 12.4±1.6 mm, PMTW 9.8±2.0 mm, ALTD 10.0±0.8 mm, PLTD 16.3±1.4 mm, AMTD 12.9±1.4 mm, PMTD 13.2±1.4 mm, LTH 20.6±1.3 mm, MTH 25.0±2.4 mm, W 42.6±2.5 mm. The above parameters in female was 18.7±1.1 mm, 15.3±1.1 mm, 9.5±0.6 mm, 21.7±1.5 mm, 15.4±1.7 mm, 15.6±1.5 mm, 6.8±1.3 mm, 10.7±1.4 mm, 10.6±1.4 mm, 8.5±1.4 mm, 8.9±0.8 mm, 14.5±1.1 mm, 11.4±1.1 mm, 11.5±1.0 mm, 18.1±1.4 mm, 21.6±1.4 mm and 37.0±1.8 mm, respectively. All the above anatomical parameters in men were larger than those in women with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, the H-FE angle (male: 87.4°±3.5°, female 87.8°±3.3°), CW/CH (male: 0.8±0.1, female: 0.8±0.1), TW/CW (male: 1.4±0.2, female: 1.4±0.1), MTH/LTH (male: 1.2±0.1, female: 1.2±0.1), AMTW/TW (male: 0.5±0.1, female: 0.5±0.1), PMTW/TW (male: 0.4±0.1, female: 0.4±0.1), ALTW/TW (male: 0.3±0.0, female: 0.3±0.1), PLTW/TW (male: 0.5±0.1, female: 0.5±0.1) were not statistically different between male and female groups (P>0.05). All measurements except for the H-FE angle had a positive correlation with the articular width (0.335≤r≤0.928, P<0.05). The difference between the angle of the H-FE axis (87.6°±3.4°) and 90° was statistically significant (t=-7.287, P<0.05). Conclusion The size of the distal humerus in male is larger than that in female without difference in shape. Distal humerus width can be used as an indicator to measure the size of the distal humerus. The humeral shaft is more biased toward the radial side.