Objective To analyse the alterative characteristics of electrophysiology by detecting somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) during cerebral remodeling after transfer of healthy C7 nerve root both in patients and normal individuals. Methods From 2002 to 2003, 12 cases of the left total brachial plexus nerve root avulsion were surgically treated by transferring healthy C7 nerve root to impaired median nerve through bridged ulnar nerve. The waveform of SEP of bilateral cortical expressions were recorded after stimulating median nerve of impaired upper extremity at the wrist and elbow. Meanwhile, latent period and amplitude of wave of SEP, and nerve conduction velocity from the level of wrist to elbow were exhibited and compared. Results There were differences of the latency and amplitude of SEP in normal individuals between two sides of cerebrum to some extent. In the healthy sides (first group), difference of latency of SEP on two sides of cerebral cortex had no statistical significance but in the reverse for the amplitude of SEP. For the diseased sides(second group), difference of amplitude of SEP for both sides of cerebral cortex between the patients and the nonmal individuals were of statistical significance, but on the contrary for the change of latency of SEP. Conclusion Cerebral cortex dominating affected extremity is able to bring up functional remodeling electrophysiologically after nerve transfer of healthy C7 nerve root. Shortened latency and augmented amplitude discrepancy of SEP recorded on both sides of cerebral cortex were preliminary electrophysiological criterions. After contralateral C7 nerve root transfer, the examination of SEP can offer data of corresponding cortex "reinnervation", which provides objective evidence for further treatment to promote functional recovery and cortical plasticity.

Objective:To investigate the inflammatory state and immune function of patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia before and after noninvasive mechanical ventilation.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia who received treatment in Taizhou Central Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a noninvasive ventilation group ( n = 57) and a conventional treatment group ( n = 63). The therapeutic effect was observed in each group. Before and after treatment, serum levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein), immune indexes (CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+), blood gas analysis indexes (PaCO 2, PaO 2, pH) and pulmonary function indexes (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow) were measured in each group. Adverse reactions such as sputum obstruction and gastric distension during treatment were statistically analyzed. Results:Total effective rate in the noninvasive ventilation group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group ( P < 0.05). After treatment, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein were (61.98 ± 5.16) ng/L, (19.77 ± 3.41) ng/L, (15.39 ± 3.22) mg/L respectively in the noninvasive ventilation group, which were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group [(68.24 ± 5.12) ng/L, (21.04 ± 3.52) ng/L, (19.28 ± 3.50) mg/L, t = 6.664, 2.003, 6.314, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, CD 4+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ were (29.28 ± 2.81) and (1.18 ± 0.17) respectively in the non-invasive ventilation group, which were significantly higher than (27.34 ± 2.96) and (1.09 ± 0.15) in the conventional treatment group ( t = 3.672, 3.081, both P < 0.05). After treatment, PaCO 2 [(48.34 ± 6.92) mmHg] in the noninvasive ventilation group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group [(53.09 ± 7.07) mmHg, t = 3.712, P < 0.05]. PaO 2, pH, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow were (70.61 ± 9.82) mmHg, (7.35 ± 0.15), (2.39 ± 0.48) L, (2.50 ± 0.46) L, (4.65 ± 0.75) L/s, respectively in the non-invasive ventilation group, which were significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment group [(65.19 ± 8.23) mmHg, (7.29 ± 0.14), (2.16 ± 0.47) L, (2.21 ± 0.45) L, (4.06 ± 0.69) L/s, t = 3.287, 2.266, 2.650, 3.488, 4.488, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Noninvasive mechanical ventilation for patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by hypercapnia can improve the inflammatory state and immune function, enhance lung function and reduce the degree of hypoxia.

Aim To study the screening of the nucleo-tide sequences might be affected by α-syn in vitro. Methods The nucleotide sequences were synthesized according to the feature of base composition, and then mixed with the α-syn-GFP. The CD was used to ana-lyse the changes of the peak. Result The peak of the CD changed greatly when the α-syn-GFP mixed with the GC-box like sequence. Conclusion The α-syn-GFP might affect the GC-box like sequence after trans-located into the nuclei. Then, it plays a role in physio-logical and pathological conditions by affecting the reg-ulation of gene expression.

Aim To investigate the relationship between the brain targeting effect and P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression level of Danshensu borneol ester(DBE)and the combination use of sodium Danshensu and borneol(SDSS-B).Methods The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was applied to investigate the accumulation of Danshensu(DSS)in rat brain tissues after intravenous injection of DBE,SDSS-B and SDSS.Also their effect on regulating the expression level of P-gp in rat hippocampus was investigated using Western blot.Results The brain targeting effect of DBE,SDSS-B was qualitatively analyzed through the brain distribution of DSS,and the result was DBE(SDSS-B)>SDSS(P<0.01).Meanwhile,the brain distribution of DBE group was slightly lower than SDSS-B group at 15 min,while at 30 min DBE was higher than that of SDSS-B.DBE demonstrated a better slow release property compared to SDSS-B.Western blot analysis indicated that DBE,SDSS-B were more effective in inhibiting the expression of P-gp than SDSS in rat hippocampus(P<0.01 vs control or SDSS group),and the lowest P-gp expression was obtained with(47.58±2.28)％and(46.54±1.41)％at 45 min after administration of DBE or SDSS-B.Once the administration time was extended to 60 min,the inhibitory effect on P-gp expression of DBE was stronger than SDSS-B[(85.04±1.42)％vs(95.29±0.98)％].However,no significant inhibition of P-gp expression in rat hippocampus was found throughout the treatment of SDSS(P>0.05 at 5,15,45,60 min,vs control group).Conclusion An attenuated expression level of P-gp can be realized by DBE and SDSS-B,which is advantageous to their brain targeting.

BACKGROUND:Swimming is an important non-pharmacological treatment for knee osteoarthritis,which can effectively alleviate the disease.However,the effect and mechanism of swimming on senile knee osteoarthritis are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of swimming exercise on the articular cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Six 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were selected as the young group,and twelve 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the aged group and the swimming group,with six mice in each group.Mice in the swimming group received adaptive swimming for 1 week and formal swimming for 8 weeks.After the intervention,stride length analysis and sampling were performed in each group.The total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood was detected by blood routine examinations.The morphology of the articular cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining.Chondrocyte counts and the modified Mankin's score were used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of type Ⅱ collagen,aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase 13 in articular cartilage were detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group,the mice in the aged group showed significantly decreased stride length(P＜0.05),significantly increased numbers of peripheral leukocytes and lymphocytes(P＜0.05),significantly decreased count of chondrocytes(P＜0.05),significantly increased modified Mankin's score(P＜0.05),significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggreca(P＜0.05),and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression(P＜0.05).Moreover,hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed the uneven surface of the articular cartilage,abnormal chondrocytes,and proteoglycan loss in the aged group.Compared with the aged group,swimming exercise significantly improved the stride length of mice(P＜0.05),decreased the count of peripheral blood lymphocytes(P＜0.05),increased the count of chondrocytes(P＜0.05),decreased the modified Mankin's score(P＜0.05),increased the protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan(P＜0.05),and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(P＜0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed that the articular surface of mice in the swimming group was smooth,chondrocytes were normal,and proteoglycan loss was less.All these findings indicate that swimming exercise can reduce the number of inflammatory cells in the blood of aged mice,improve articular chondrocytes,matrix composition and cartilage tissue morphology;thus,it has a protective effect on the cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of resting energy expenditure (REE) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) graded with different levels of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and to evaluate the accuracy and association of commonly used REE prediction formulas in children with CP.Methods:It was a retrospective study involving 36 children with CP aged 24-144 months who visited the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2021 and August 2022.REE was measured by the indirect calorimetry.Based on the GMFCS, children with CP were divided into grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (20 cases), grade Ⅲ group (6 cases) and grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group(10 cases). During the same period, 11 age-matched healthy children were included in control group.The measured REE (MREE) between children with CP and healthy controls was compared.Predicted REE (PREE) calculated by the Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH and Oxford prediction formulas were compared with MREE in children for their consistency and correlation.Independent samples were analyzed using t-test or Mann- Whitney U test, and categorical data were analyzed using Chi- square test.Using paired t-test and Pearson linear correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between MREE and PREE.The accuracy of PREE values calculated by different formulas was assessed using the root mean square error. Results:The MREE in control group and children with CP were (952.18±270.56) kcal/d and (801.81±201.89) kcal/d, respectively.There was no significant difference in the MREE between grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ group versus control group[(868.30±194.81) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05], and grade Ⅲ group versus control group [(813.17±192.48) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P>0.05]. The MREE was significantly lower in grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ group than that of control group [666.00(513.50, 775.50) kcal/d vs.(952.18±270.56) kcal/d, P=0.011]. There were no significant difference between MREE and PREEs calculated by Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield-W, Schofield-WH, and Oxford (all P>0.05). The correct classification fraction calculated by the 5 formulas were 33.3%, 47.2%, 41.7%, 47.2%, and 41.7%, respectively.The r values of the consistency of PREE calculated by the 5 formulas were 0.585, 0.700, 0.703, 0.712, and 0.701, respectively.The Blande-Altman Limits of Agreement were (-297.77, 359.22), (-245.60, 326.94), (-250.62, 316.05), (-242.22, 177.36) and (-241.28, 325.81), respectively.The clinically acceptable range was -80.18 to 80.18 kcal/d.The root mean square error were 168.09 kcal/d, 149.64 kcal/d, 146.24 kcal/d, 144.23 kcal/d and 148.77 kcal/d, respectively. Conclusions:The MREE values decreased significantly in children with CP classified as CMFCS grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ.When REE cannot be regularly monitored by indirect calorimetry to develop nutritional support programs, children with CP may be prioritized to estimate REE using the prediction formula of Schofield-WH.

The National Medical Products Administration has authorized sodium oligomannate for treating mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.In this study,an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantitate sodium oligomannate in different biomatrices.The plasma pharmacokinetics,tissue distri-bution,and excretion of sodium oligomannate in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs were system-atically investigated.Despite its complicated structural composition,the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion profiles of the oligosaccharides in sodium oligomannate of different sizes and terminal derivatives were indiscriminate.Sodium oligomannate mainly crossed the gastrointestinal epithelium through paracellular transport following oral administration,with very low oral bioavail-ability in rats(0.6％-1.6％)and dogs(4.5％-9.3％).Absorbed sodium oligomannate mainly resided in circulating body fluids in free form with minimal distribution into erythrocytes and major tissues.So-dium oligomannate could penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)barrier of rats,showing a con-stant area under the concentration-time curve ratio(CSF/plasma)of approximately 5％.The cumulative urinary excretion of sodium oligomannate was commensurate with its oral bioavailability,supporting that excretion was predominantly renal,whereas no obvious biliary secretion was observed following a single oral dose to bile duct-cannulated rats.Moreover,only 33.7％(male)and 26.3％(female)of the oral dose were recovered in the rat excreta within 96 h following a single oral administration,suggesting that the intestinal flora may have ingested a portion of unabsorbed sodium oligomannate as a nutrient.

AIM: To study the inhibitory effect of Xihuang Pill on H

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of Plantago asiatica polysaccharide on the proliferation ，migration and invasion of breast cancer cells ，and to investigate its mechanism preliminarily. METHODS ：Using human breast cancer cell MDA-MB- 231 as subjects ，MTT method was adopted to detect the effects of different concentrations of P. asiatica polysaccharide（8，16，32，64 mg/L）on the cell proliferation ability ，and survival rate of the cells was calculated. Scratch test and Transwell invasion test were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of P. asiatica polysaccharide（8，16 mg/L）on cell migration ability and invasion ability. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）-related proteins [matrix metalloproteinase- 2（MMP-2），MMP-9，E-cadherin，N-cadherin，vimentin]. RESULTS ：Results of MTT assay showed that survival rate of the cells in 32，64 mg/L P. asiatica polysaccharide groups were significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），so that 8，16 mg/L，which did not affect the cell survival rate ，were used as the follow-up drug concentrations. Compared with control group ，relative mobility （12，24 h），relative invasion rate and relative expression of MMP- 2，MMP-9， N-cadherin and vimentin protein were decreased significantly in 8，16 mg/L P. asiatica polysaccharide groups （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01），while relative expression of E-cadherin protein was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：P. asiatica polysaccharide can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells MDA-MB- 231，and inhibit the migration and invasion of the cells by regulating the expression of metastasis and EMT-related proteins.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with keratoconus, and to explore the factors influencing keratoconus severity.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 908 patients (1 476 eyes) with primary keratoconus were enrolled in Henan Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021.The medical history data of patients were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey.Refractive parameters were measured by subjective optometry.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by a non-contact tonometer, and corrected IOP was calculated by Dresden formula.Corneal topography parameters was obtained using Pentacam HR.The subgroup analysis of clinical characteristics of all patients was performed by age (<21 years, 21~<31 years, ≥31 years) and gender.Disease severity was graded based on steep keratometry (Ks), namely mild (Ks<48 D), moderate (48 D≤Ks<55 D) and severe (Ks≥55 D). The influencing factors of disease severity in keratoconus were analyzed by ordered Logistic regression.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2019[5]). All subjects or guardians were informed of the purpose and significance of the study and written informed consent was obtained.Results:Of the 908 patients, 622 were with bilateral keratoconus and 286 were with unilateral keratoconus.The median age of onset was 20(17, 26) years, and the median age of diagnosis was 21(18, 27) years.The ratio of males to females was 3.05∶1.There were 9.80%(89/908) of the patients having a history of allergy, 25.55%(232/908) having a history of other systemic diseases, and 1.98%(18/908) having a family history of keratoconus.Of the 1 476 affected eyes, 27.57%(407/1 476) were diagnosed as severe keratoconus, and 61.94%(568/917) had a history of eye rubbing.The medians of sphericity, cylindricity, IOP, corrected IOP, Ks, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior corneal surface elevation (AE) and posterior corneal surface elevation (PE) were -4.00(-7.00, -1.75)D, -3.50(-6.00, -1.50)D, 12.00(10.30, 13.80)mmHg, 15.40(13.60, 17.00)mmHg, 49.85(46.40, 54.90)D, 460.00(425.00, 490.00)μm, 21.00(13.00, 34.75)μm, 51.00(33.00, 75.00)μm, respectively.The spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP were lower and the cylindrical refraction was higher in patients at age <21 years than in patients at age 21~<31 years, and the TCT of patients at age <21 years was higher than that at age ≥31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Compared with female patients, male patients had younger onset age, lower spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP, as well as higher cylindrical refraction, AE and PE, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). The spherical refraction and IOP of male patients were lower than those of female patients at age <21 years, and the cylindrical refraction was higher in males than in females among the patients at age 21~<31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Among the patients with onset age <21 years and diagnosis age <21 years, the ratio of males to females in patients with severe keratoconus was higher than those with mild and moderate disease, and the difference was statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Older age of onset was a protective factor for disease severity in keratoconus (odds ratio=0.981, 95% confidence interval: 0.963~0.999). Conclusions:The younger the onset age of keratoconus patients, the more severe the disease.Among the patients with severe keratoconus, there were more male patients, and males have a younger onset age and severer conditions.It is suggested that early screening of keratoconus in children and adolescents should be strengthened in clinical work, and more active prevention and treatment measures should be taken for younger patients, especially males.