5 mm was 63 6%. There is a significant difference between in endometrial thickness with

Objective To investigate the influence of genital tract cytomegalovirus and chlamydia infection on the incidence of tubal pregnancy. Methods Ninety five women with tubal pregnancy (study group) and 42 women with ovarian cysts (control group) were selected for this study. Serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM was identified by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cervical secretions, endometrium, and salpinx tissue were tested for CMV gH gene and chlamydia heat shock protein (HSP) gene by nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR respectively. Results CMV IgM was positive in 14 (15%) women with tubal pregnancy, and 1 (2%) in the control group. CMV gH gene was detected in 18 women (19%) and chlamydia HSP gene in 25 (26%) of the tubal pregnancy group, and 2 (5%) and 2 (5%) in the control group respectively. There were significant differences between the study and the control group ( P

Objective To develop user-friendly information education-communication (IEC)materials and guidelines of malaria control for various target groups. Methods The participatory methods were used to make sure participation of target groups at each stages of IEC material development. Results A package consisted of interactive video, 2 posters for primary groups, sto ry booklet for students, manual for activities of "buddy system" for teachers, flipcharts for health staff at grass-root levels, guidelines on communication skill and how to use the first 5kinds of materials, was developed. Conclusion A set of user-friendly IEC materials and guidelines of malaria control has successfully been developed with sufficient participation of target groups.

Objective To investigate thecorrelation between nonmusle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) rs12107,signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT4) rs3024912, Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) rs4065 single nucleotide polymorphism and idiopathic Uighur membranous nephropathy (IMN). Methods Patients admittedby People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from June 2011 to May 2015 were selected in the research,of which 45 with IMN (group A),45 patients with IgA nephropathy (group B) and 45 healthy controls(group C). The polymorphisms of rs12107,rs3024912 and rs4065 were measured with direct sequencing, in order to analyzing the correlation between genotype and allele with IMN. Results Group Ars12107 (MYH9) locus genotype CC, C allele (48.9%, 65.6%) frequency were higher than those in group B (13.3%, 33.3%) and group C (20.0%, 46.7%), and the difference was statistically significance (P < 0.05). C allele carriers of the risk of IMN is 2.18 times that of the T allele (95% CI: 1.19-3.97). Univariate Logistic regression analysis of rs12107 CC genotype showed patients with CC genotype faced with high risk of renal failure (OR = 5.56,95% CI:1.27-24.29, P = 0.023) compared with non-CC genotype patients. rs3024912 genotype and allele frequencies showed no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). rs3024912 GG genotype patients showed higher risk of renal failure compared with non-GG genotype patients (95% CI:1.48-26.83, P = 0.013). Only TT genotype was detected on rs4065 locus. TC and CC genotype were not detected. Conclusions MYH9 gene rs12107 locus CC genotype and C allele are associated with susceptibility to IMN in Xinjiang Uygur, and CC genotypes associated with renal function. rs3024912 (STAT4)GG genotype are not susceptibility gene,but associated with renal function in patients with IMN.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 genotypes and endometriosis risk (EM).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA isolated from the blood samples of 68 Han Chinese women with endometriosis and 28 without endometriosis.

RESULTSThe frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in women with endometriosis were 0.721 (49/68) and 0.779 (53/68), respectively, and in women without endometriosis were 0.429 (12/28) and 0.321 (9/28), respectively. There was a significant difference with regard to the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes between the women with and without endometriosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were significantly higher in the patients with stage III and IV endometriosis [0.731 (38/52) and 0.788 (41/52), respectively] than in women without endometriosis (P < 0.01), and the frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was statistically higher in patients with stage I and II endometriosis [0.75 (12/16)] than in the women without endometriosis (P < 0.01). No correlation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and age, induced abortion or dysmenorrhea was detected in this study (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be risk factors for the development of endometriosis.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Endometriosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Excessive exposure to fluoride can reduce intelligence. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 ( MTHFD1 ) polymorphisms have important roles in neurodevelopment. However, the association of MTHFD1 polymorphisms with children's intelligence changes in endemic fluorosis areas has been rarely explored. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools in Tongxu County, Henan Province, from April to May in 2017. A total of 694 children aged 8 to 12 years were included in the study with the recruitment by the cluster sampling method. Urinary fluoride (UF) and urinary creatinine were separately determined using the fluoride ion-selective electrode and creatinine assay kit. Children were classified as the high fluoride group and control group according to the median of urinary creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride (UF Cr ) level. Four loci of MTHFD1 were genotyped, and the Combined Raven's Test was used to evaluate children's intelligence quotient (IQ). Generalized linear model and multinomial logistic regression model were performed to analyze the associations between children's UF Cr level, MTHFD1 polymorphisms, and intelligence. The general linear model was used to explore the effects of gene-environment and gene-gene interaction on intelligence. RESULTS: In the high fluoride group, children's IQ scores decreased by 2.502 when the UF Cr level increased by 1.0 mg/L (β = -2.502, 95% confidence interval [CI]:-4.411, -0.593), and the possibility for having "excellent" intelligence decreased by 46.3% (odds ratio = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.994). Children with the GG genotype showed increased IQ scores than those with the AA genotype of rs11627387 locus in the high fluoride group ( P   <  0.05). Interactions between fluoride exposure and MTHFD1 polymorphisms on intelligence were observed (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that excessive fluoride exposure may have adverse effects on children's intelligence, and changes in children's intelligence may be associated with the interaction between fluoride and MTHFD1 polymorphisms.
Child ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fluorides/urine* ; Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase ; Humans ; Intelligence/genetics* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP) ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)