Objective To analyze the mRNA expression level of lymphoid enhance factor 1 (LEF-1), and to investigate its clinical significance in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia chronic-phase (CML-CP) after initial diagnosis and chemotherapy, and to analyze its clinical significance. Methods The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression level of LEF-1 gene in 38 CML-CP patients after initial diagnosis and chemotherapy and 20 persons without blood system diseases and neoplastic diseases as normal control. The difference of LEF-1 expression level between the patients and healthy control was compared, and the effect of imatinib on the main molecular response (MMR) was analyzed. Results The expression of LEF-1 mRNA in 38 newly diagnosed patients [0.00214 (0.00020 - 0.02120)] was significantly higher than that in normal controls [0.00101 (0.00009 - 0.00233)] (U= 163.0, P< 0.01). The expression of LEF-1 mRNA in MMR group [0.00107 (0.00010 - 0.00519)] was significantly lower than that in non-MMR group [0.01015 (0.00091 -0.03615)] (U= 25.0, P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in LEF-1 mRNA expression between the normal control group and the MMR group after imatinib treatment (U= 201.0, P> 0.05). The level of LEF-1 mRNA expression of non-MMR group was also higher than that of the normal control group (U= 14.0, P<0.01). The rate of acquiring MMR was significantly higher in high LEF-1 mRNA expression group [84.2 %(16/19)] than that in low expression group [47.4%(9/19)] (χ2=4.209, P<0.01). The time of acquiring MMR was significantly shorter in the high LEF-1 mRNA expression group [(10.0 ± 4.5) months] than that in the low expression group [(14.6 ± 3.8) months] (t= 2.705, P< 0.01). Conclusions LEF-1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of CML, and reflects the tumor burden. It may be one of the indicators to predict the efficacy of imatinib.

Objective To quantitatively analyze the mRNA expression level of lymphoid enhance factor 1 (LEF-1) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at intermediate-risk after initial diagnosis and chemotherapy, and to analyze its clinical significance. Methods The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression level of LEF-1 gene in AML patients at intermediate-risk after initial diagnosis and chemotherapy, and its relationship with effectiveness and survival were analyzed. Results The LEF-1 mRNA level in preliminarily diagnosed patients with AML was significantly higher than that in control arm [0.00519 (0.00015-0.09207) vs. 0.00101 (0.00009-0.00233)], and the difference was statistically significant (u=134.50, P<0.01). The LEF-1 mRNA level in patients after chemotherapy was significantly declines as compared to that in patients before chemotherapy [0.00107 (0.00008 - 0.00744) vs. 0.00519 (0.00015 - 0.09207)], and the difference was statistically significant (u= 317.00, P< 0.01) and LEF-1 mRNA expression level before chemotherapy in complete remission (CR) patients was significantly higher than that in non-CR patients [(0.01108 (0.00164 - 0.09207) vs. 0.00110 (0.00015 - 0.00916)], and the difference was statistically significant (u=19.00, P<0.01). High LEF-1 expression predicted a significantly better overall survival in AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics (χ2= 4.549, P= 0.033). Conclusions LEF-1 may be involved in the development and progression of AML at intermediate-risk patients and is closely related to tumor burden and treatment efficacy. LEF-1 may be a good predictor of better prognosis and a novel target for therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the clinical value of serum κ/λ ratio in the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) and primary nephritic,and to explore its relationship with MM other laboratory markers.Methods We obtained 88 cases of MM patients with serotyping by immunofixation and 109 cases of primary nephritic patients.In accordance with the composition of protein M in immunofixation electrophoersis (IFE),88 patients were divided into 4 groups:IgGκ,IgGλ,IgAκ and IgAλ.In addition,45 serum samples of health examination were collected as control samples.The levels of serum IgG,IgA,IgM,light chain κ and λ in each group were tested by immune turbidimetry,and κ/λ ratio was calculated.The levels of serum β2-microglobin (β2-MG),albumin (ALB),serum urea (BUN),creatinine (CRE),and M protein percentage were also detected.Results (1) In MM group,there was no significant difference of sex and International Staging System (ISS) stages between each type(P ＞ 0.05),while there was significant difference in age distribution between each type (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared to control,the levels of se-rum light chain κ,κ/λ ratio,and matched Ig were significantly higher and the level of light chain λ and other Ig were significantly lower in κ typed MM patients,while the levels of serum light chain λ were significantly higher and the levels of serum light chain κ,and κ/λ ratio were significantly lower in λ typed MM patients(P ＜0.01).The levels of light chain κ,λ,and IgG in primary nephritic patients were significantly lower than control(P ＜0.01),while there was no significant difference in κ/λ ratio between two group (P ＞ 0.05).There were also significant difference of light chain,Ig,BUN and CRE levels between MM patients and primary nephritic patients (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The κ/λ ratio correlated with serum ALB (r =-0.264,P =0.013) and β2-MG (r =0.235,P =0.040) levels in MM.Conclusions Serum levels of light chain κ,λ,and κ/λ ratio have great significance in the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma and primary nephritic.The κ/λ ratio correlated with several tumor markers in MM progresses,rendering it as a promising method for diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of MM.

Objective: To explore the relationship between expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and electrophysiological heterogeneity in isolated heart tissues and isolated rat ventricular myocytes.The arrhythmogenic mechanisms of TNF-αwere further studied.Methods:Langendorff perfused heart tissues models were used to verify the arrhythmogenic effects of TNF-α.The monophasic action potentials( MAPs) of the endocardium and epicardium from the isolated heart tissues were recorded by elec-trophysiological experiments.The isolated rat ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation.K+currents(Ito,IK1)were recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique.Results: Compared to the control group, the difference in MAPD between endocardium and epicardium dramatically increased with TNF-α( P<0.05 ) .TNF-αcould cause MAP duration ( MAPD ) prolongation, and a single dose of TNF-αdifferentially affected the MAPs of endocardium and epicardium of isolated heart tissues.Compared to the control group,the K+currents(Ito,IK1)were dose-dependently decreased with TNF-αin rat ventricular myocytes(P<0.05).However, etanercept had no effects on the MAPD in the absence of TNF-α.Conclusion:TNF-α-induced heterogeneity of MAPD between the endo-cardium and epicardium may provide the substrate for the onset of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction.The effect might be associated with TNF-αcontribute to re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias which resulted from decreased K+currents(Ito,IK1).

Objective To study the determinants of exercise behavior among the overweight and obese residents, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study only enrolled overweight and obese residents to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and waist circumference. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the determinants of exercise behavior after univariate analysis and correlation analysis. Result Totally 2 489 overweight and obese residents(1 182 male and 1 307 female)were included in this study. Their average age was 45.3±14.2 years and their median amount of exercise was 4 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (0.5, 10.0); 22.9% of these residents never took any exercise. Males with high school and equivalent level of education and an income of 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, took more exercise than other demographic groups. Amount of exercise had a positive correlation with perceived benefits of exercise, perceived severity of disadvantage of low exercise and self-efficacy, while it had a negative correlation with subjective barriers and objective barriers. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived subjective barriers, objective barriers and self-efficacy were determinants of exercise behavior. Their total standardized effects on exercise behavior were-0.085 (P=0.020),-0.242 (P<0.001) and 0.184 (P<0.001) respectively.Those with higher self-efficacy and less barriers preferred to do more exercise. Indirect effect widely existed in the SEM and self-efficacy were the most important mediating variables of all the other significant determinants. Conclusion The overweight and obese residents are seriously lack of exercise, which need some targeted intervention, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers.

Objective To explore the mechanism of drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.Methods We collected 3AO cells and CAOV3 cells,respectively,at 18,24,48 and 72 hour under 12.5,25,50 and 100 ng/mL concentrations of TRAIL.The rate of cell growth inhibition was checked by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)assay to evaluate the effect of TRAIL.Morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM)and C-FLIP protein was determined by Western blotting.Results TRAIL inhibited the growth of 3AO and CAOV3 cells.The rate of growth inhibition at 24 hour was 28% in 3AO cells and 10% in CAOV3 cells.TRAIL induced apoptosis of cells.The apoptosis rate at 24 hour was 8.5% in 3AO cells,which was higher than 5.5% in CAOV3 cells.The expression level of C-FLIP protein was higher in CAOV3 cells than in 3AO cells.Conclusion C-FLIP protein is an important protein that regulates drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Using the rapid growth period of the chorioallantoic membrane from the 8th day to the 12th day, vascular growth at bone defect end and vascular implantation of a bone graft substitute into the human body can be simulated.OBJECTIVE: To load hydroxyapatite into a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model, and to establish an implanted revascularization model.METHODS: Twelve rosette eggs were incubated under the same suitable conditions for 8 days. After windowing, the eggs were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group was implanted with hydroxyapatite material to establish the model of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane carrying hydroxyapatite; control group was implanted with filter paper material, sealed and placed into a constant temperature and humidity box to continue to hatch. At the 12th day of incubation, length of new vessels and length of new vessels per unit area in the two groups were observed, and the angiogenesis on the hydroxyapatite and filter paper was observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean length of new vessels and length of new vessels per unit area were 24.031 mm and 0.242 mm/mm2 in the experimental group, and 23.561 mm and 0.212 mm/mm2 in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences between two groups. Additionally, vascular tissues were obviously observed on the hydroxyapatite samples in the experimental group. These experimental results show that the establishment of the model of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane carrying hydroxyapatite provides a simple and accurate in vitro animal model for studies on ideal bone graft materials and angiogenesis. The hydroxyapatite has no effect on the angiogenesis on the chorioallantoic membrane.

This study aimed at exploring a fast method to accurately identify the medicinal insect Vespa mandarinia Smith from its adulterants using DNA barcode and COI sequences.The extracted DNAs from V.mandarinia and its adulterants V.soror were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced bilaterally based on COI barcode sequence investigation.The information of the COI sequences of V.mandarinia and V.soror were gathered from GenBank.All the sequences were compared and analyzed,and their intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated using MEGA 6.06.In addition,the phylogenetic tree was established with neighbor-joining (NJ) method.As a result,the COI sequences of V.mandarinia and V.soror were successfully amplified.The minimum interspecific distance between V.mandarinia and its adulterants was 0.152 ± 0.017,being considerably larger than the maximal intraspecific distance between V.mandarinia,0.009±0.004.The constructed phylogenetic tree showed an independent branch for each species.It was concluded that the DNA barcode based on COI sequence can efficiently identify V.mandarinia and its adulterants.This study provided an innovative tool for the quality control and market regulation of Chinese materia medica,securing the safe medication of V.mandarinia.

Objective:To study the status quo of directive and nondirective support from family or friends among patients with diabetes in community and to explore the association between directive, nondirective support from family or friends and self-management behaviors.Methods: The data of the subjects were from the Community Diagnosis in Tongzhou District, Beijing survey.Questionnaire-based investigation, physical examination and glycated hemoglobin test were conducted on 474 eligible patients in community.The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure (SDSCA) was adopted to investigate the self-management behaviors, and directive and nondirective support scale among patients with diabetes (DNSS-PD) was adopted to measure the directive and nondirective support among patients with diabetes.Results: A total of 452 patients with diabetes were included in the analysis.The average score of directive support was 2.53±1.07, and only 27.6% patients had high level directive support.The average score of nondirective support was 3.13±1.12 and 50.8% patients had high level nondirective support.The average SDSCA total score was 35.38±14.21 and the corresponding scoring percentage was 45.95%.Only 20.6% patients had optimal self-management.The total score, score of diet and physical activity, general self-management situation, diet self-management situation and physical activity self-management situation of the patients in high level directive support group were significantly better than in low level directive support group.The total score, score of self-management behaviors in five aspects (diet, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, foot care and smoking), general self-management situation, self-management situation of five aspects of patients in high level nondirective support group were significantly better than in low level nondirective support group.Gender (OR=2.729), nondirective support level (OR=4.890), age (OR=0.969) and body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.819) were important influencing factors of self-management behavior.Conclusion: The status quo of self-management among patients with diabetes is not optimistic.Patients obtain more nondirective support than directive support from family and friends.However, the support level of both nondirective and directive support should be improved in the future.Both high level directive support and high level nondirective support had positive correlation with better self-management behaviors.Nondirective support had positive correlation with five aspects of self-management behavior, while directive support had positive relation with self-management behavior in aspects of diet and physical activity.In addition, more consideration and support of self-management should be provided for older obese male patients with diabetes in community, especially nondirective support.

Coronary heart disease(CHD)has severely impacted the lives and health of patients for ages.Although the modern methods used for the prevention and treatment of CHD have been increasingly perfected,clinical problems remain that require solutions.In the prevention and treatment of CHD with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),great therapeutic advantages have been demonstrated.However,the expres-sion of its advantages relies on scientific evidence-based research and evaluation,which require further optimization and improvement.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively emphasize our under-standing of the current deficiencies in TCM evidence-based studies and the necessity of adopting sci-entific evidence-based optimization methods for use in research.In this process,evidence should be produced in a standard manner,and the advantages of TCM patterns should be accurately stated because these factors contribute to efficient transformation and proper verification of the obtained evidence.Additionally,focusing on patient-oriented medicine and doctor-patient relationships is also essential.These methods are of great significance to prove the clinical efficacy of TCM and promote its development.