Objective To investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone(PTH)on the proliferation and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells,and the relationship between PTH and the regulation of primary cilia expression.Methods After stimulation of the chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 with different concentrations of PTH,induction of the expression of cilia with hypoxia and destruction of cilia structure with chloral hydrate,the cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay,the proliferation and invasion of SW1353 by Western blotting and Transwell method,the primary cilia expression by immunofluorescence assay and the GLI1,PTCH1 and IFT88 expression levels by real-time PCR.Results PTH could promote the proliferation of chondrosarcoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was correlated with the structural integrity of the primary cilia.PTH could up-regulate the invasive ability of SW1353 cells and increase the expression levels of MMP9,which was suppressed when the primary cilia structure was damaged.Additionally,it was found that PTH could down-regulate the number of primary cilia,which was related to the structural integrity of the primary cilia.It could also regulate the expression levels of GLI1 and PTCH1,the target genes in Hedgehog pathway,and the expression levels of IFT88,the gene associated with the cilia function.Conclusion PTH can promote the proliferation and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells,down-regulate the expression of primary cilia and the downstream target genes.PTH may regulate the malignant biological features of chondrosarcoma by regulating the primary cilia expression.

Objective To summarize our surgical experience in repair and functional reconstruction for compound defects of proximal phalanx and dorsal skin at multiple digits,Methods Six patients with multiple digital defects were treated in our department between June 1996 and March 2005.At the first stage,free iliac bone grafts were used to repair defects of proximal phalanges and temporary syndactyly between adjacent affected fingers was created through digital palmar skin sutures.The defects were covered with free flap transfer finally.Dorsalis pedis flaps were used in four patients,a lateral arm flap in one and a lateral thoracic flap in one respectively.At the second stage,a partial debulking procedure and division of syndaetyty followed three to six months later.Additional procedures were performed in three eases to reconstruct the digital extensor function through tendon transfer.The follow-ups ranged from six months to nine years.Results The flaps survived uneventfully in the six patients postoperatively.The dorsal aspects of reconstructed fingers demonstrated an aesthetically pleasing effect after the flap debulking procedures and division of syndactyly.Follow-up X-Ray examinations showed good lilac bone union and nearly normal structure of digital bone.The distal interphalangeal extension restored to normal in the three cases after extensor reconstruction.Conclusions Iliac bone graft to repair phalangeal defects and free flap transplantation to cover skin defects can be a good treatment for compound defects of proximal phalanx and dorsal skin at multiple digits.Secondary plastic procedure may greatly improve the appearance of a reconstructed digit,and extensor re- construction the function of distal interphalangeal extension too.

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China over one hundred years. But its effect on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes are unknown. This study was to observe the effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) on the activities of antioxidant and drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs) in liver of rats. Male SD rats, treated with XFZYD at the dosage of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g x kg(-1) per day for 15 days, serum were collected, tissue fluid, cytosols and microsomes isolated from liver tissues were prepared by centrifugation according to the standard procedure, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and drug-Metabolizing Enzymes were determined by UV-V is spectrophotometer. In serum, the activities of AST was not significantly affected by the treatment with XFZYD, at the high- est dose, the levels of ALT, Cr and BUN were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). GPX were significantly increased at the dose of 7.02, 14.04 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), CAT were significantly increased at the highest dose (P < 0.05). T-SOD was not significantly af- fected by this treatment. In the liver tissue, GPX was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), GST, CAT and T-SOD were not significantly affected following this treatment. In cytosols, GST was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), T-SOD was remarkable induced at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05). In microsomes, XFZYD had no significant effect on Cytochromeb5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1 and UGT, XFZYD significantly in- duced GST at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), and the level of GSH were significantly increased by XFZYD at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest XFZYD can induce the activities of GPX, CAT, SOD, GST and increase GSH level in liver of rats, which indicate XFZYD may have detoxification and antioxidant functions.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the expressions of Survivin and VEGF and relationship between them in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The expressions of Survivin protein and VEGF protein in 50 HCC.30 cirrhosis and 10 normal tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical method.The expressions of Survivin mRNA and VEGF mRNA in 50 HCC,30 cirrhosis and 10 normal tissues were assessed by in situ hybridization.Results The expressions of Survivin and VEGF in cancer tissues,cirrhosis tissues,normal tissues weresignificantly different. The expression of Survivin in HCC tissues was stronger than that in cirrhosis,but the expreesion of VEGF in cirrho- sis was stronger than that in HCC tissues.Conclusion The expression of survivin.is closely associated with the ex- pression of VEGF in HCC and they take positive correlation.The abnormal expressions of Survivin and VEGF are closely associated with the development of HCC.They may play important roles in the development of HCC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical methods of treating severely injured vagina.

METHODSA retrospective study was carried out on the clinical materials and results of 7 patients suffered from severe vaginal injury.

RESULTSDifferent surgical approaches such as trans-suprapubic, transperineal or both approaches were applied according to the position of the atresia, meanwhile, different surgical methods such as skin graft, free flap transplantation, vaginal mucous flap advancement, direct anastomosis of the two ends, "Z" plasty was used to repair the vagina according to the different defect of the vagina, except for 1 case complicated with vaginorectus fistula, all the other cases were achieved satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONSThe accurate judgment of the severity of the vaginal injury and the understanding of the changed anatomy around the injured vagina was the key points to the success of the surgical treatment of traumatic vaginal atresia.

Female ; Gynatresia ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Vagina ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of rapamycin on the proliferation of prostate cancer cell line 22RV1 and the activity of S6K1.

METHODSProstate cancer 22RV1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with rapamycin at the concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 nmol/L. The inhibition rate of the cells'proliferation was detected by MTT, and the activity of S6K1 was determined by liquid scintillation counting.

RESULTSRapamycin significantly inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cancer 22RV1 cells and the activity of S6K1 in a dose- dependent manner, most obviously at 400 nmol/L (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRapamycin can effectively suppress the proliferation of prostate cancer 22RV1 cells by regulating the expression of S6K1, the downstream protein of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; metabolism ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology

Objective To stratify the risks of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) by dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging (DPPI) and pulmonary perfusion imaging (PPI). Methods From October 2007 to February 2009, 20 healthy volunteers ( 12 males, 8 females; mean age =48.47 ±13.47 years) and 31 APE patients (21 males, 10 females; mean age =47.68 ±18.06 years; from October 2007 to July 2009) were included in the study. DPPI and PPI were performed in all subjects. Percentage of perfusion defect scores ( PPDs% ) were calculated by semi-quantitative analysis of PPI. Risk levels were defined according to PPDs% calculated from PPI: normal (PPDs% =0); very low risk (0 ＜ PPDs% ≤10% ); low risk (10% ＜ PPDs% ≤20% ); moderate risk (20% ＜ PPDs% ≤40% );high risk (40% ＜ PPDs% ≤60% ) and very high risk ( PPDs% ＞ 60% ). Lung equilibrium time (LET)was calculated on region of interest (ROI) drawn over DPPI. Clinical risk was scored by Aujesky method.The t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used with SPSS 13.0 software. Results ( 1 ) LET in healthy volunteers and APE patients was ( 12.18 ± 3.28) and (32.90 ± 14.29) s respectively (t = 6. 81,P ＜ 0. 01 ). (2) The correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination between LET and PPDs% in APE patients were 0.93 and 0. 87, respectively. The correlation coefficient between LET and clinical risk score was 0.86. (3)The mean LET of APE patients in very low risk (n =5), low risk (n = 12), moderate risk (n=9), high risk (n=4) and very high risk groups (n=1) were (19.59 ±0.04), (25.03 ±0.08),(36.07 ±0. 10), (57.15 ±0.06) and (70 ±0.00) s, respectively. There was significant difference among APE patients with different risk levels (F =16. 78, P ＜0.01). Conclusions ( 1 ) DPPI was a reliable, convenient and non-invasive method for the evaluation of PH in APE. (2) Combined LET of DPPI and PPDs% of PPI was valuable for risk stratification and prognosis estimation in APE patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of FOLFOX4 neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the non-tumoral liver in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSA large series of surgically resected liver metastases(n=42) was selected and the morphological changes were examined by light and electron microscope. The mRNA and protein levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.

RESULTSTwelve (63.2%) of the 19 post-chemotherapy liver resection specimens had sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage. In contrast, 23 livers treated by surgery alone remained normal. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could significantly enhance the mRNA and protein levels of CTGF expression in hepatic stellate cells.

CONCLUSIONSystemic FOLFOX4 neoadjuvant chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal carcinoma frequently causes morphological injuries involving hepatic microvasculature and induces CTGF expression in hepatic stellate cells to participate in hepatic fibrosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the main treatment of advanced lung cancer. However, platinum resistance has become a major treatment obstacle. Novel therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKI) and agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have improved the treatment. Both chemotherapy and targeted therapy have their molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the mutation, amplification, or expression status and interrelationships of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), K-Ras proto-oncogene, excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), and VEGF genes as well as their correlations to prognosis of large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) after EGFR-targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and anti-VEGF therapy. EGFR and K-Ras mutations in 60 specimens of LCLC were detected by direct DNA sequencing. EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). EGFR gene copy number was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One (1.7%) patient had an EGFR L858M point mutation in exon 21, 3 (5.0%) had K-Ras mutations, and 10 (19.6%) had EGFR amplification (FISH positive). Positive rates of EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF proteins were 38.3%, 56.7%, and 70.0%, respectively. EGFR amplification was positively correlated to EGFR protein expression (r = 0.390, P = 0.005). The positive rate of VEGF protein was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without (84.6% vs. 58.8%, P = 0.046). No significant correlations were observed among the EGFR, K-Ras, ERCC1, and VEGF genes. EGFR gene amplification and the low rate of EGFR mutation suggest that patients with LCLC are likely to obtain little benefit from anti-EGFR therapies.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Endonucleases ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, ras ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathoclinical features of adult primary mediastinal liposarcoma and their correlation with the prognosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 19 patients with adult primary mediastinal liposarcoma who were treated in our hospital between 1970 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Eighteen patients underwent open thoracic tumor excisions for at least one time, and the remaining one patient only received biopsy surgery. Histopathological results after surgery revealed that 6 well-differentiated type tumors, 6 myxoid type tumors, 3 pleomorphic type tumors, 2 mixed type tumors, and 2 un-classified tumors.

RESULTSAmong 6 patients with well-differentiated type tumors, 1 died after having been survived for 10 years; 5 were still alive, with a mean duration of 126.2 months,the 5-year survival rate was 100%. Among 6 patients with myxoid type tumors, 5 patients had follow-up data, with a mean survival of 26.2 months. Among 3 patients with pleomorphic type tumors, only one patient had follow-up data: the patient finally died, with a survival of 34 months. Of 2 patients with mixed type tumors, only one patient had follow-up data: the patient survived 8 months and died. Of 2 patients with un-classified type tumors, one had follow-up data: the patient lived for 24 months and died.

CONCLUSIONSMediastinal liposarcoma is a rare disease. Surgery is the primary therapeutic modality. Different pathological subtypes have different epidemiological features, biological behaviors, and malignant potentials. Pathological subtype is an important prognosis factor. Patients with well-differentiated tumors have much better prognosis than those with other subtypes.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Liposarcoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult