Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of PTB prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, and a time series model was established to quantitatively predict the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 2023. Results The incidence rate in Ankang City showed a significant upward trend from 2011 to 2017, and a more obvious downward trend in 2017-2021 (P<0.05), and the decrease rate in 2021 was 40.36% compared with that in 2017. The proportion of etiological positivity increased from 12.5% in 2014 to over 50.00% after 2019. The incidence season was mainly concentrated in the first quarter, accounting for 28.39% of the annual incidence. High incidence areas were concentrated in the south of Ankang: Langao County, Ziyang County and Zhenping County, with 128.32/100 000, 117.07/100 000 and 110.44/100 000, respectively. Low incidence areas were located in the north of Ankang: Ningshan County, with 60.62/100 000. Farmers and students were the high incidence groups, accounting for 81.80% and 4.97% of the total cases respectively. The incidence of young children was relatively low, but cases were reported every year. The incidence rate of male was 2.39 times that of female. The age of onset increased significantly from 15 years old, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 60-<80 years old, followed by the age group of 45-<60 years old, the average annual incidence was 136.44/100 000 and 104.47/100 000, respectively. The model ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)12 predicted that the incidence of the disease generally increased from October 2022 to March 2023, then steadily decreased, and increased again in December. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis varies in different areas of Ankang City, and males, farmers, students and the elderly are all factors of high incidence of tuberculosis. Therefore, different prevention and control strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of population in different areas. The number of cases in Ankang City in 2023 showed an overall downward trend, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PTB.

Objective:To explore the value of different MRI sequences in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Methods:Using Philips Achieva 1.5T Nova Dual MRI with SENSE～ breast coil, MRI scanning was performed on 21 patients clinically suspected suffering from breast cancer. MRI sequences included T1WI/TSE,T2WI/TSE (turbo spin echo), short TI inversion recovery(STIR),diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning THRIVE. MRI findings were compared with histopathological results. Results:The detection rates of breast lesions of the five sequences were 53.85%, 65.38%, 80.77%, 88.46% and 100%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning were 100%, 77.78%, and 92.31% respectively, which were better than other sequences in the differential diagnosis of the lesions. Conclusion:Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning could accurately show the numbers of the lesions, describe the morph and size of the lesions and provide more information for the surgeons. DWIBS and STIR could detect the breast lesions more sensitively than T1WI/TSE and T2WI/TSE sequences.

Objective To insestigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of spontaneous transient hyperperfusion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Fifty-two SD rats were randomly allocated into sham-operation(group A),cerebral ischcmia 2-hour(group B), and cerebral ischemia 6-hour(group C)groups.Group B were redivided into 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,4-,6-,and 24-hour subgroups according to the reperfusion time;group C were redivided into 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,and 24-hour subgroups according to the reperfusion time (n=4 in each subgroup). Multislice spiral CT perfusion imaging(CTPI)was performed at different time points after ischemia-reperfusion in each group.After completing the scanning.the rats were sacrificed immediately for optical and electron microscopy examinations.Results In group A,compared to the contralateral sides.there were no significant differences in the relatise value of the cerebral blood flow parameters and the results of optical and electron microscopy in the sham-operated regions. In group B, the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the ischemic core area were increased gradually with the extension of reperfusion time. The relative mean transit time (rMTT) and the relative time to peak (rTTP) were decreased gradually, There were no significant differences compared to group A at 6-hour after reperfusion. The optical and electron microscopy revealed that neuronal density in the ischemic core area in group B were decreased, part of the cell volume enlarged and showed vacuolated changes, and part of the neuronal cell bodies and nuclei shrinked, rCBF in the ischemic core area still maintained lower level with the extension of reperfusion time in group C. The ischemic core area showed the increased transient rCBV and rCBV at 0.5 hour after reperfusion in group B and C. The optical and electron microscopy showed that the ischemic core area presented a large number of necrotic and apoptotic cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. At 6 hours after reperfusion in group B, the increased blood density was observed under the electron microscope in the ischemic core area, showing capillary engorgement and increased pressure. Conclusions The dynamic changes of CTPI in the process of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion have a certain correlation with the pathological mechanisms of injury. The ultra-early spontaneous and transient hyperperfusion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats is associated with the transient inflammatory hyperemia after reperfusion injury.

OBJECTSTo investigate the distribution of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes among the Hans of a lead contaminated mine in Shanxi and explore the relationship between blood lead levels and the genetic polymorphism of VDR gene.

METHODSVDR genotypes were determined by polymerase-chain-reaction and restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the blood lead level was measured by using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in a population of 120 pre-school children aged 5 - 6 years who were from the mine kindergarten and were unrelated Hans. An environmental questionnaire in relation to blood lead level was filled for each subject.

RESULTS(1) The gene distribution of the VDR phenotypes in these children was VDRBB, 1.7%; VDRBb, 9.2%; VDRbb, 89.2%. (2) The mean blood lead level of the children who had VDR B allele [(0.910 8 +/- 0.265 0) micromol/L] was significantly higher than that whose VDR genotype was bb [(0.740 1 +/- 0.270 1) micromol/L (mean +/- standard deviation)] (t = 2.155, P < 0.05). (3) Many factors were found to affect the blood lead levels, such as the VDR genotype, the type of fuel, educational level of mothers and so on. After controlling the possible confounding variables by multiple regression, the contribution of the VDR phenotype to the blood lead levels was still statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the frequency distribution of the VDR genotype in these children was apparently different from that in Caucasians who had high frequencies of VDR B. The results also indicated that the individuals carrying the VDR B allele were more susceptible to lead poisoning.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Lead Poisoning ; genetics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; Regression Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular genetic basis of A2 subgroup and identify the novel alleles at ABO locus in Chinese Han population. All seven exons and their flanking sequences, enhancer and promoter in the ABO gene of five samples from individuals with serological discrepancies were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the PCR products were screened by directly sequencing; the haplotypes of exon 6 and 7 were analyzed by TOPO cloning sequencing. The results showed that five samples were identified as A2 or A2B subgroup by serological technology. The A201 and A205 alleles were confirmed in one A2B individual and one A2 individual, respectively. A novel A2 variant allele was identified in three A2B individuals. The two nucleotide acid alterations (467C > T and 539G > C) at the exon 7 resulting in two amino acid substitutions (P156L and R180P) in this novel allele were observed, when compared with A101 allele. It is concluded that the polymorphism of A2 allele is found to be relatively variable in Chinese population, and a novel A208 allele responsible for A2 subgroup is firstly reported.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the h4 allele (C35T) frequency of alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase gene in Chinese population.

METHODSThe polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for identifying C35T variant was established by using PCR to amplify a 125 bp FUT1 gene fragment, including C35T variant sequence, and the PCR product was digested by Hae III restriction enzyme. One hundred and fifty-eight random samples from Chinese blood donor were screened by PCR-RFLP.

RESULTSAmong 158 Chinese individuals with normal ABO and H blood group phenotypes, 8 and 83 were homozygous with 35T/T and 35C/C, respectively, while 67 were heterozygous with 35C/T. The allele frequencies were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

CONCLUSIONThe C35T substitution of FUT1 gene is not a mutation which gives rise to a non-functional h allele responsible for para-Bombay phenotype but a single nucleotide polymorphism in Chinese population.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Alleles ; Female ; Fucosyltransferases ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

To analyse the reason for one case of hemolytic transfusion reaction, antibodies in a patient's serum were identified using panel cells and Le (a-b-) phenotype cells, patient phenotype was identified by using anti-Le(a) and anti-Le(b) blood grouping reagents and the entire coding region of FUT3 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. The results showed that both IgM anti-Le(a) and anti-Le(b) antibodies were detected in patient's serum. Red cells was typed as Le (a-b-) phenotype and the FUT3 genotype was homozygote for non-functional le(59, 508) alleles. In conclusion, anti-Le(b) antibody can result in hemolytic transfusion reaction, FUT3 gene is homozygous for le(59, 508) allele resulting in Le (a-b-) phenotype.
Adult ; Antibodies ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Female ; Fucosyltransferases ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Lewis Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Serology ; Transfusion Reaction

OBJECTIVETo develop a LC-MS method for the determination of senkyunolide I (SI) in rat plasma, in order to observe whether there is significant change in the pharmacokinetics parameters of complex prescriptions of Huoluoxiaolingdan (HLXL) and single herbal extracts from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. in rats, and assess the effect of other components in HLXL on the pharmacokinetics of SI.

METHODTwelve male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, and orally administered with extract from HLXL and L. chuanxiong (both equal to SI 4.53 mg x kg(-1)). Their blood was collected at different time points for LC-MS, in order to detect the plasma concentration of SI. The pharmacokinetic parameters of SI were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. SPSS 16.0 software was used for independent-sample T-test and Nonparametric T-test.

RESULTA linear relationship of SI ranged from 6.750 to 675.0 microg x L(-1), and with the lowest limit of detection being 6.750 microg L(-1). Both of the plasma concentration-time curves of SI were fitted with the two-compartment model for extract of HLXL and L. chuanxiong. The detected AUC and Cmax of SI showed significant difference, with no significant difference in other parameters.

CONCLUSIONThe LC-MS determination method established in this experiment was so exclusive, accurate and sensitive that it is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies on extracts of HLXL and SI from L. chuanxion. The experiment results show that other ingredients of HLXL have noticeable effect on the absorption of SI in rat plasma.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in the right para-tracheal triangle (RPT) of esophageal carcinoma patients and the technique of dissection.

METHODSOn the top of double mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenectomy, 333 esophageal carcinoma patients received RPT lymphadenectomy through the right pleural apical approach from 1990 to 2001.

RESULTSIn these 333 patients, the lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate in the RPT was 36.40%. A total of 457 nodes among 2 159 nodes removed gave a metastasis degree of 24.96%. The LNM rates in RPT for cervical, upper third, middle third, and lower third segments of esophagus were 66.67%, 45.45%, 34.19% and 15.79% (P < 0.05), while their respective metastasis degrees were 44.44%, 27.04%, 24.32% and 18.92% (P > 0.05). The frequency of positive nodes in the RPT for PTI, PT1, PT2, PT3 and PT4 was 0, 17.24%, 28.7%, 45.16% and 53.57%, while those of metastasis degree were 0, 8.77%, 17.62%, 33% and 41.17% (P < 0.01). The frequency of LNM in the RPT in papillary, erosive, patch-like and covert type of early tumor was 40%, 3.85%, 0 and 0 (P < 0.05), while those of the metastasis degree were 29.41%, 1.82%, 0 and 0 (P < 0.01). Higher rate of LNM in progressive stenotic esophageal carcinoma was observed compared with those of the other gross types (56.52%, P < 0.05), so was the degree (P < 0.01). The frequency of LNM in the RPT for mono-focal and multi-focal tumor was 34.98% and 70% without significant difference (P > 0.05), while the degree was 24.29% and 53.33% (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were: leak (0.6%), and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (1.2%). No injury of vein or infra-clavicular artery, tracheal damage or mortality occurred.

CONCLUSION1. The lymph node metastasis from esophageal carcinoma has a tendency of wide spread and right para-tracheal triangle is an important region to be doomed. 2. With location, depth of tumor invasion and differentiation of tumor as major factors affecting LNM of esophageal carcinoma, dissection of this region should be paid more emphasis. 3. In early lesions, higher frequency of LNM in the RPT is found in papillary and erosive lesions than in the other macroscopic types. 4. Exposing the RPT, lymph node by dissection through a right pleural apical approach is very important and significant.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardia ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of the micronucleus (MN) formation in lymphocytes from patients with the malignant degrees of colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe MN test in capillary blood lymphocytes was conducted in 112 patients randomly selected from in-hospital patients before therapy. Experimental data were analyzed by SPSS (v.10.1) software.

RESULTSThe differences in the frequency of MN between 7 pathological types of colorectal cancers and controls were statistically significant (P<0.01). The frequency of MN increased with the decrease of the histological differentiation in colorectal cancer, and the statistically significant differences were seen between low differentiation group and the other differentiation groups in colorectal cancers.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant correlation between MN formation and the malignant degrees of colorectal cancer, and MN formation will be a useful biomarker for the identification of malignant degrees of colorectal cancer before operation or for the screening of high risk subgroup.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; methods ; Middle Aged