OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis and proliferation effect of matrine on human medulloblastoma cell line D341 in vitro and the effect of the expression of the related caspase 3 and caspase 9 proteins.

METHODSThe D341 cells were cultivated successfully in vitro. Then the cells were divided into 5 groups according to the concentration of matrine (0.5 mg/mI group, 1.0 mg/ml group, 1.5 mg/ml group, 2.0 mg/ml group and the control group was 0 mg/ml). All the experiments were repeated three times. The cell morphologic and structure change was observed with the optical microscope and the transmission electron microscope. The proliferation of D341 cell was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The expression of Caspase3 and Caspase9 was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSWith the effect of matrine, the proliferation inhibition rate gradually increased with drug concentrations increasing, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.01). The inhibitory effect of matrine on cell proliferation was different with the different treatment time, there was a significant difference between the 24 h to 72 h groups (P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate increased with matrine concentrations increasing. There were significant differences between the group of 0.5 mg/mI or 1.0 mg/mI to the group of 1.5 mg/mI or 2.0 mg/mI (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate increased with the prolonged treatment time. There were significant differences between the group of 24 h or 48 h to the group of 72 h ( P < 0.05). With the increase of matrine concentration, the expression of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 increased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMatrine induces the apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of human medulloblastoma D341 cells in vitro by up-regulation of the expression level of Caspase3, Caspase9.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of different drying methods on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and thus provide useful reference for its proper drying methods.

METHODSchisandrae Chinensis Fructus was processed by eight drying methods including vacuum freeze drying, natural drying in the shade, drying in the sun, oven drying and vacuum drying under different temperature. The contents of the functional ingredients includes chisandrin, gomisin D, gomisin J, schisandrol B, angeloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin G, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, 5-HMF, total aids and total sugars. The main components change after drying were analyzed by HPLC, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus.

RESULTAll these results are in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010, the contents of schisandrin and total eleven lignans were the highest using vacuum drying, and 5-HMF were the lower, oven drying made little difference but with lower schisandrin and higher 5-HMF as the heat increased.

CONCLUSIONDifferent drying methods have significant influence on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Oven drying under 5°C should be adopted to substitute drying in the sun according to the China Pharmacopoeia published in 2010 for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus by comprehensive analysis of the cost, content and practicality.

Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Temperature

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

Objective To report the clinical effect of free transplanting for soft tissue defects pedieled with high site cutaneous branches of the transverse branch of lateral cirumflex femoral artery.Methods Cu- taneous branches of the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery were found small or abscent in 7 patients.The anterolateral femoral skin flap was pedicled with high site cutaneous branches of the transverse branch to repair the soft tissue defects of the arm,hand,leg and foot,rather than with the descending ones. The size of the flap ranged from 15 cm?6 cm to 28 cm?13 cm,with part muscle valve,iliotibal tract and lat- eral femoral cutaneous nerve.The fractures were performed with internal or external fixation.Results All of the anterolateral femoral skin flap survived well postoperatively in the 7 cases and had good appearance and sensation at one stage.The function of the repaired extremities recovered well.Conclusion The anterolat- eral femoral skin flap pedicled with high site cutaneous branches of the transuvrse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery has many advantages of good blood supply and large size.The flap was secluding,and can be taken with some muscle and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.When cutaneous branches of the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery is small or abscent,the anterolateral femoral skin flap with high site cutaneous branches of the transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery is an optimal alternative.

We investigate the role of β-catenin signaling in the response of macrophage to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW264.7 cells. LPS rapidly stimulated cytosolic β-catenin accumulation. β-catenin-mediated transcription was showed to be required for LPS induced gene expression and cell migration. Mechanically, ERK activation-primed GSK3β inactivation by Akt was demonstrated to mediate the LPS induced β-catenin accumulation. Overall, our findings suggest that suppression of GSK3β by ERK stimulates β-catenin signaling therefore contributes to LPS induced cell migration in macrophage activation.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Transcription, Genetic ; drug effects ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of S100A4 expression on the inva?sion and migration of SNB19 glioma cells. Methods The S100A4 expression was knockdowned using S100A4 siRNA in SNB19 glioma cells. Glioma cells were assigned into control group,siRNA-negative control treated group (siRNA-NC) and siRNA-S100A4 group. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of S100A4, respectively. The wound-healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to determine the ability of migration and invasion of SNB19 glioma cells, respectively. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), matrix metallopro?teinase 2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin proteins were evaluated by using western blot. Moreover, the morphology of lamellipo?dia of glioma cells were examined by using inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Results The mRNA and protein expres?sion levels of S100A4 was obviously down-regulated after transfection of S100A4 siRNA. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of S100A4 in siRNA-NC group and siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.97±0.07 and 0.21±0.04,respectively(P<0.01). The protein expression levels of S100A4 in control, siRNA-NC and siRNA-S100A4 groups were 78.12%±2.63%, 77.16%±3.00%and 37.95%±2.71%, respectively(P<0.01). The migration and invasiveness capability were decreased up to 46% and 55% in the siRNA-S100A4 group compared with the control group(P<0.01). The pro?tein expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were inhibited up to 62% and 68%(P<0.01)whereas the expression of E-cadherin was increased up to 154%(P<0.01)in the siRNA-S100A4 group. The lamellipodia became smaller or unex?tended in siRNA-S100A4-treated SNB19 glioma cells. Conclusion S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of glioma cells, suggesting that S100A4 might be a potential candidate for anti-glioma strategy to prevent the invasion and migration of glioma cells.

A new qualitative and quantitative analytical method of the chromatographic fingerprints: the Total Quantum Statistical Moment (TQSM) has been eluciated and established according to statistical moment principle. The study was carried out with model drugs as the alcohol extracted liquid for Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (AELRR) by HPLC under the chromatographic conditions that the column was C18, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm; the detection of wavelengths was set at 254 nm; a solution of acetonitrile: 1% acetic acid water (from 0:100 to 100:0) was carried with gradient elution as the mobile phase; the ratio of flow was 1 mL min(-1); the temperature was 40 degrees C. The coefficients were dealt with Excel document. It has been established the expressions that consists of four main parameters: 1) total quantum zero moment as AUC(T), area under curve; 2) total quantum respondent ratio as AUCPW(T), area under curve per weight; 3) total quantum center moment as MCRT(T), mean chromatographic retention time of total quantum, expressed by lambda(T); 4) total quantum variance as VCRT(T), variance of mean chromatographic retention time of total quantum, expressed by sigma2(T), by which we have obtained. The TQSM's parameters of the AELRR, such as AUC(T) as 3.273 x 10(8) microV s, AUCPW(T) as 2.286 x 10(6) microV s mg (-1), MCRT(T) as 33.50 min, VCRT(T) as 484.4 min2, and total quantum concentration as 143.2 mg mL(-1). The total quantum statistic moment can be characterized the curve of chromatographic fingerprints with expressive parameters above, also used to quantitative analyses by AUC(T), to qualitative analyses by AUCPW(T), MCR(T), and VCRT(T).
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ecosystem ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quantum Theory ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the complete genome sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain XJ69 isolated in ZheJiang province and explore its evolution.

METHODSOverlapping primers were designed according to the full-length genomes from GenBank. RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragments and RT-PCR products were cloned T vector, sequenced and analyzed.

RESULTSThe genome of strain XJ69 and XJP613 were 10 964 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame encoding 3432 amino acids. Comparison of the complete genome sequences of different JEV isolates showed XJ69 and XJP613 were 83.5%-99.2% and 83.4%-99.4% nucleotide sequence homology among them respectively, which resulted in 94.8%-99.7% amino acid sequence homology. Phylogenetic analysis through PrM/C,E and full-length genome showed that the XJ69 and XJP613 strain belonged to genotype I.

CONCLUSIONThe nucleotitede sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of XJ69 and XJP613 strain were similar to that of those of genotype I of Japanese encephalitis virus. It belonged to genotype I and were close to the isolates SH17M-07.

Animals ; Cell Line ; China ; Cricetinae ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of treatment in 40 patients with primary tracheal carcinoma.

METHODSFrom 1970 to 2001, 40 patients with primary tracheal carcinoma treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight were male and 12 were female with median age of 47 years. The median interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 10 months (1 - 60 months). Fifteen patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma, 14 squamous cell carcinoma, 8 adenocarcinoma, 2 small-cell carcinoma and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thirty-two patients received operation plus adjuvant radiotherapy, 6 received radiotherapy alone and 2 received operation alone.

RESULTSThe median survival time for all patients was 40 months. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rate was 86%, 59% and 29%, respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year local control rate was 84%, 60% and 50%, respectively. Distant metastasis rate in 1, 5, and 10 years was 17%, 51% and 84%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSurgical resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy is a reasonable mode of treatment. Despite late local recurrence after initial treatment, its intrinsic feature, excellent long-term palliation can be achieved after treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Particle Accelerators ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Survival Rate ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods

The paper, based on the previous publication as special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, aims to analyze the natural origination for the Chinese medicine and to explain the special impact of "Qi chromatography" reaction on "imprinting templates" in supramolcular host of human being with Chinese medicine, in order to reveal the CM's properties of "medical element" with "imprinting templates" autonomisation generally took place in natural supramolecules, and also to discover that the CM's pharmacology are satisfied with its own approaches different form western pharmacology. It was decided, for CM's pharmacology guided by CM's theories, to "Qi chromatography" relations between the CM's ingredient groups and the meridian zang-fu viscera. The supramolcular chemistry played an all-through role in procession of making macro-regularities and special presentation on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulse owning to the matching action of all kinds of ingredients on the meridian zang-fu viscera with similar "imprinting templates". The CM's pharmacology were guided by CM's theories, owing to its interpretation of supramolecular chemistry. The pharmacology was achieved to construct up completely on base of classical chemical single molecular bonds whereas the CM's pharmacology be configured to big building by way of "imprinting templates" as multi-weak bonds among "supramolecular society". CM's pharmacology was supramolcular pharmacology dealt with "molecular society" on the base of western pharmacology, and employed to double research approaches both math-physical quantitative representation on macroscope and qualitative analyses in microscope.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meridians ; Molecular Imprinting ; Qi