The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), was identified in the recent years as a functional membrane receptor different from the classical nuclear estrogen receptors. This receptor is widely expressed in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, heart, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, and the urogenital system. It is responsible for the mediation of nongenomic effects associated with estrogen and its derivatives, participating in the physiological activities of the body. The present study reviews the molecular structure, subcellular localization, signaling pathways, distribution, and function of GPER in the male reproductive system.
Estrogens ; metabolism ; Genitalia, Male ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Organ Specificity ; Receptors, Estrogen ; chemistry ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; chemistry ; physiology ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To observe the effect of polyethylene terephthalates (PET) coated with 58S bioactive glass on graft-bone healing.Methods The PET coated with 58S bioactive glass was used in experimental group,and uncoated PET was used as a control.The coating solution was made of 20％ bioactive glass powder and 80％ gelatin powder (by weight).In our vitro study,4×104/ml MT3T3-E1 cells were cultured in 24-well plates with the coated or uncoated PET,and the MTT and ALP were tested at 1,3,5 days to show the proliferation and the activity of the cells.The SEM and the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were adopted to analyze the surface characteristics of the fiber.In our vivo study,24 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,the 58S-PET group and the PET group.Both groups underwent a surgical procedure to establish a tibia-articular tendon-bone healing model.Mechanical examination and histological assay were taken to verify the coating effect in vivo.Results The 58S-PET group showed significantly differences in both the MTT and ALP tests at each time point (3,5 days) compared with the PET group.In the animal experiments,the maximum load increased by time in both groups.At 6 weeks,the load-to-failure was significantly higher in the 58S-PET group [(61.70±6.95) N]than that of the PET group [(45.21±9.78) N].At 12 weeks,the load-to-failure was also significantly higher in the 58S-PET group [(89.25±9.50) N]than that of the PET group [(71.38±6.26) N].In the histological assay,it was found that there was new bone formation in the indistinct interface between the graft and the host bone in both groups at 6,12 weeks,and a stronger binding was seen in the 58S-PET group than in the PET group.Conclusion The 58S-PET could enhance the proliferation and activity of the osteoblast and therefore promote the new bone formation and subsequently leads to a positive effect on tendon-bone healing.

Objective To observe the effect of spleen-strengthening and kidney-reinforcing method on leukopenia in patients with malignant tumor after chemotherapy.Methods Seventy-one patients with malignant tumor were randomly allocated to Group A(n=37) and Group B (n=34).Group A was treated with spleen-strengthening and kidney-reinforcing herbal medicine and chemotherapy and Group B with chemotherapy only. The treatment course lasted 28 days.Blood routine examination was carried out before chemotherapy and on 7 th,9 th,12 th,15 th,18 th and 21 st day of chemotherapy.Results In Group A,5 cases of leukopenia were found, 3 in degree Ⅰ, 1 in degree Ⅱ and 1 in degree Ⅲ,the incidence being 13.5%; In Group B,25 cases of leukopenia were found, 3 in degree Ⅰ,13 in degree Ⅱ,8 in degree Ⅲ and 1 in degree Ⅳ, the incidence being 73.5%. There was significant difference between the two groups (P

Dental Materials ; Dental Porcelain ; Humans

A series of quinoline-polyamine conjugates (8a-8n) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs). Some of these compounds had potent ChEs inhibitory activity with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compound 8n exhibited the strongest inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 8.78 micromol x L(-1), and compound 8i showed the most potent inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 value of 1.60 micromol x L(-1) which was slightly better than rivastigmine. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the chain length of polyamine and linker played important roles for inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies showed that 8i targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of cholinesterases.

Ammonium perchlorate (AP), mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, AP was administered at 0, 130, 260 and 520 mg/kg every day to 24 male SD rats for 13 weeks. The concentrations of iodine in urine, serum thyroid hormones levels, total iodine, relative iodine and total protein, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in thyroid tissues were measured, respectively. Our results showed that high-dose perchlorate induced a significant increase in urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), with a decrease of total iodine and relative iodine content. Meanwhile, free thyroxine (FT4) was decreased and CAT activity was remarkably increased. Particularly, the CAT activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CAT might be enhanced to promote the synthesis of iodine, resulting in elevated urinary iodine level. Furthermore, these findings suggested that iodine in the urine and CAT activity in the thyroid might be used as biomarkers for exposure to AP, associated with thyroid hormone indicators such as TSH, FT4.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of retinal binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C in blood and urine in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with CKD in Nephrology Laboratory of The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Aug.2012 to Jan.2013 were served as the case group.Sixty healthy check-up people were considered as control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect RBP and Cystatin C in urine,and the immune turbidimetry testing was applied to detect RBP and Cystatin C in blood.The receiveroperating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate the sensibility and diagnostic value of indexes in CKD.Results The positive rate of RBP,Cystatin C in urine and blood were 89.6％,92.6％,52.5％,59.5％ respectively of 12 patients in case group,higher than those in control group (all value were 0,P ＜0.001).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity of urine RBP and Cystatin C were higher than that in blood of case group.AUC of RBP,Cystatin C level in urine and blood were 0.915,0.974,.655,and 0.623 respectively.And 95％ confidence interval were 0.877-0.954,0.956-0.992,0.575-0.736,0.543-0.702 respectively,and the differences are statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The sensitivity of urine cystatin C and RBP are significantly higher than that in blood,which might be served as a diagnostic marker of CKD and can provide important basis for clinical diagnosis.

Air ; analysis ; Cyclohexanones ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Reproducibility of Results ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two newborns.

METHODChromosome karyotyping was performed on newborns who were born in Jan. 2013 and Jan. 2014 in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital because of the abnormalities found in pregnancy checkups. SNP microarray analysis was carried out on 2 newborns with de novo sSMCs (one was mos 47,XY, + mar[45]/46,XY[5] and the other was mos 47, XY, + mar [30]/46, XY [20]), which could not be determined by conventional banding techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood samples, amplified, tagged and hybridized following the manufacturer' s protocol. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTThere was a 78. 6 Mb duplication in chromosome 8 for Newborn A, which was associated with 8p22 duplication syndrome; and a 32. 7 Mb duplication in chromosome 13 for Newborn B, which was not yet reported definitely as pathogenic. The newborn A was identified with agenesis of the corpus callosum, obvious right eyelid drooping, the onset of low muscle tone and mental developmental lag behind their peers, while the newborn B had normal findings on physical and mental evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array can identify sSMCs of newborns at the DNA level, and can be used as an important supplement to the conventional karyotype analysis, but the pathogenicity of positive outputs need further verification.

Objective To investigate the value of copy number variation analysis based on next-generation sequencing (NGS-CNVA) in the genetic analysis of missed abortion chorionic villi. Methods From August 2012 to May 2014, chorionic villi from 74 cases of missed abortion at 6-13 gestational weeks in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital were collected and analyzed by karyotype analysis and NGS-CNVA. The results of the two methods were compared. Results (1) Karyotype analysis was carried out for the villi from the 74 missed abortion patients. Thirty cases were euploid, 26 cases were aneuploid, while 18 cases had structural abnormalities. The resolution of the karyotyping was 320 bands and the average report time was 22 days. (2) All of the 74 samples obtained NGS-CNVA results and the report time was 7-10 days. (3) The NGS-CNVA results of 56 cases were consistent with karyotype. Among them, 28 cases (28/56, 50%) had no copy number variants (CNV), and 19 cases (19/56, 34%)had CNV between 1 Mb and 10 Mb. 9 cases (9/56,16%) had CNV≥10 Mb found by NGS-CNVA, but not found by karyotyping. (4) According to the results of NGS-CNVA, karyotype were reviewed. The reviewed results found 7 cases with CNV<10 Mb and 3 cases with CNV≥10 Mb in 30 cases which got normal karyotype results at the first analysis. (5) Among the 18 cases of structural abnormalities, 6 cases were Robertsonian translocation. Sequencing technology could confirm the specific area of chromosome deletion/duplication in 8 cases, but could not locate them. Conclusions NGS-CNVA has lower failure rate, higher resolution, lower specimen requirement and shorter report time than karyotype analysis when used for the genetic analysis of missed chorionic villi . NGS-CNVA could be a useful genetic analysis method for the missed abortion villi.