OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of formoterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of chron-ic bronchial asthma. METHODS:Totally 80 patients with chronic asthmatic patients were randomly divided into control group and test group. Control group was given corticosteroids,antibacterial drugs or doxofylline and other conventional treatment;based on the treatment of control group,test group was treated with formoterol 1 suck+budesonide 1 suck by aerosol inhalation,once-twice a day. The treatment course was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed,including clinical efficacy,IL-17,IL-33,FEV1/FVC,PEF before and after treatment,daytime symptom scores,nighttime symptom scores and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS:The total effective rate in test group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Af-ter treatment,IL-17,IL-33,daytime symptom scores and nighttime symptom scores in 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore,and test group was lower than control group,FEV1/FVC and PEF were significantly higher than before,and test group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,formoterol combined with budesonide has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma.

Objective Delivery of oxygen in tissues is limited in the space where oxygen must diffuse between the vascular and the surrounding tissues. Normal capillaries are relatively straight and well spaced, in contrast, the tumor vascular networks usually display more irregularity and the vessel wall shows higher permeability and less elasticity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of capillary elasticity and tortuosity on the oxygen distribution and make further investigation on the mechanism of the formation of hypoxic regions in tumor. Method One-dimensional capillary model was coupled with the oxygen diffusion model. Oxygen transport was investigated in a Krogh and tortuous tissue model. The capillarygeometrywas obtained bythe one-dimensional model and transferred to the tissue model. Finite element method was employed in the analysis. Result The capillary radii along the flow direction under pressures were obtained for different initial radii and the oxygen distribution in the Krogh cylinder tissue model and the model with a tortuous capillary were computed. Conclusions when the capillary radius is small, the effect of vessel elasticity may have not significant effect on the oxygen distribution. However, with the capillary radius increasing, the effect on the oxygen transport becomes obvious. Moreover, with the tortuosity of the capillary increasing, the oxygen distribution becomes more heterogeneous, which is in agreement with the result in available reference. This work will be helpful to the investigation of oxygen transport within tumor.

Objective To investigate the formation mechanism of string beads sign in peripheral small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and evaluate the significance of it in differential diagnosis among SCLC,peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and peripheral lung squa-mous cell carcinoma.Methods 78 cases of SCLC,69 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and 33 cases of peripheral lung squa-mous cell carcinoma,confirmed pathologically were included in this study.The positive rates of string beads sign,mediastinal lymph node metastasis and mediastinal lymph nodes larger than primary lung lesions were calculated and analyzed in these three groups.Results 10 out of SCLC cases (12.8%)have string beads sign,in which all mediastinal lymph nodes were larger than lung lesions.Mediasti-nal lymph node metastases were observed in 63(80.8%)of 78 cases,and 42 (53.8%)cases had larger mediastinal lymph nodes than lung lesions.No string beads sign was observed in patients with peripheral solid lung adenocarcinomas,but 25 of 69 cases (36.2%) have mediastinal lymph node metastasis and 2 cases (2.9%)had larger mediastinal lymph nodes than lung lesions.13 cases(39.4%) of 33 patients with peripheral lung squamous cell carcinomas had mediastinal lymph node metastasis,and 6 cases (16.7%)had larger mediastinal lymph nodes than lung lesions.The statistical results showed the positive rate of string beads sign was not significantly different between peripheral SCLC group and peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma group,but that of mediastinal lymph node and larger mediastinal lymph nodes than lung lesions were statistically different among these three groups.Conclusion To some extent, string beads sign on CT could reflect the biologic character of SCLC.It played an important role in differential diagnosis of peripheral SCLC,peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and periph-eral lung squamous cell carcinoma,but it should be combined with mediastinal lymph node size.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on controlled hypotension during endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods Forty patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into group R and group D, 20 in each group. All patients received controlled hypotension when the surgeons began to sterilize the nasal cavity for the purpose of maintaining the MAP at 60 ~ 70 mmHg. Group R received remifentanil 1μg/kg over 1 minute, followed by 0.2 to 0.4μg/kg per minute infusion during maintenance, whereas group D received dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.2 to 0.7μg/kg per hour during maintenance. At the moment of pre-induction(T0), incision(T1), 30 min(T2) and 60 min(T3) after incision and 10 min(T4) after end of controlled hypotension, MAP and HR were measured. Quality of the surgical field, blood loss and extubation time were recorded. Sedation and postoperative pain were assessed on arrival at the PACU. Results The goals for the MAP level were achieved and the surgical field quality was ideal in both groups. The MAP and HR values at T1~ T3 were significantly lower than those at T0 in both groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the MAP or HR values between the groups at each time point (P>0.05). No significant difference was founded between the groups in the Fromme operative field score and blood loss (P > 0.05). The extubation time was significantly shorter in group R than in group D(P<0.05). The sedation score in the PACU was significantly lower in group R than in group D(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in postoperative pain between the groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are safe agents for controlled hypotension and are effective in providing satisfactory surgical fields during endoscopic sinus surgery. However , remifentanil is advantageous in time for extubation and complete consciousness from anesthesia and therefore it may have the advantage of fast track anesthesia.

Stent implantation plays a more and more important role in the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis. Metal stents are most commonly used in the clinical practice, which can be classified into permanent stents and temporary retrieval stents. Permanent implantation of metal stents is easy to cause complications such as inflammatory hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, perforation, bleeding, etc. Temporary retrieval stents should be removed with one week after it is implanted in order to avoid esophageal scar tissue repair and in-stent tissue hyperplasia, which can cause difficulty in its removing and produce higher recurrence rate of esophageal restenosis. Clinically, drug-eluting stents have already been used in cardiovascular system procedures, but at present the gastrointestinal drug-eluting stents are still in development and animal experiment stage. Biodegradable magnesium alloy stents have been widely employed in cardiovascular system procedures. With the rapid development of biological engineering materials, drug-eluting magnesium alloy stent has become a hot spot and the frontier in research field. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the current research status and prospect of the drug-eluting magnesium alloy stents, focusing on the stent technology, stent molding, coating modification, and the treatment of drug-eluting.

Objective To explore the relationships among implicit self-esteem,explicit self-esteem and alexithymia.Methods According to the scores of Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20),82 tests were divided into the alexithymia group and the control group,which were assessed with Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(SES) and Implicit Association Test (IAT).Results The level of explicit self-esteem in the alexithymia group was significantly lower than that of the control group((28.57 ±4.57 vs 32.44 ±2.71)),there was significant differences between two groups(P＜ 0.01).Each factor of the alexithymia (as difficulty describing feelings,difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking) had significantly negative correlation with explicit self-esteem (r =-0.572,-0.52,-0.56,-0.378,P ＜ 0.01),and the alexithymia was positively correlated with the degree of separation in implicit and explicit self-esteem (r =0.421) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The alexithymia group has defects in the process of controlling emotional; Alexithymia as a kind of psychological traits may be influence consistency of implicit and explicit self-esteem.

34 patients who suffered from NVG, excluding patients with shallow anterior chamber.All patients were assigned to groups A and B according the different therapy.Group A ( 15 eyes ) was treated with Ex -PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation. Group B ( 19 eyes ) underwent a trabeculectomy combined with mitomycin C. All the patients were followed up to 1a.The results of best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , the combination of lOP lowering medications, complications were recorded statistically analyzed preoperative and 1d, 1, 4wk, 6 and 12mo after operation. · RESULTS: Mean lOP decreased significantly frompreoperative values in both groups ( P=0.01 ) .The both group had similar lOP values changes after 1, 4wk, 6, 12mo, and there were no significant difference in statistics (P=0.451).There was no significant difference in BCVA changes after operation in both groups ( P =0.832).Success rate was 66.7%and 63.1%at 1a after Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy, respectively. Anterior chamber bleeding occurred to 8 cases after trabeculectomy in group B and to 3 cases with Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation in group A.Choroidal detachment occurred to 3 cases in
group A and 6 cases in group B. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were found during the follow-up duration.
·CONCLUSlON:ln the short-term, Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation has the advantages of simpleness, safety, minimally invasive, short learning curve for neovascular glaucoma, which provides us an available strategy to conquer NVG by simply operation and less suffering.

AIM: To investigate therapeutic effects of combination therapy for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 34 eyes of 34 patients who suffered from NVG. All patients were assigned to group A, B, C and D according to the different combination therapies. Group A ( 11 eyes of 11 patients ) was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) . Group B ( 10 eyes of 10 patients ) was treated with transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and PRP. Group C ( 6 eyes of 6 patients) was treated with 3 therapies together. Group D (7 eyes of 7 patients) was treated with 810nm transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and soft gas-permeable contact lenses. All the patients were followed-up for 1a. The best- corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were recorded and analyzed prior to operation and 1, 4wk, 6 and 12mo after operation.
RESULTS: All the post treatment IOP decreased significantly ( P<0. 05 ) from the values before therapy, and the IOP values after 4wk, 6, 12mo were not significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ) in statistics. Most patients' IOP can be controlled below 23mmHg after combination therapy. The visual acuity in group A after 1, 4wk, 6mo compared with those before treatment was significantly increased ( P<0. 05 ) in statistics and other groups did not significantly change before and after treatment (P>0. 05). Anterior chamber bleeding occurred to 2 cases after 1wk of transcleral cyclophotocoagulation. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were found during the follow-up duration.
CONCLUSION: After the combination of intraocular injection of the anti - VEGF drugs, 810nm laser cyclophotocoagulation and PRP, most patients with NVG disease can be effectively treated, can effectively control IOP, and retain part of the visual function, significantly improve the quality of life. In the short - term, combination therapy is safe and effective for NVG, which provides us an available strategy to conquer NVG by simply programmable operation and less suffering.

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) causes blindness due to retinal vasculopathy caused by abnormal oxygen dynamics.Studies have clarified the pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of ROP,while the studies on the role of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in ROP are fewer.Objective This study was to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in retina and post-birth time in the mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).Methods Sixty 7-day-old (P7) SPF C57BL/6J mice together with lactating female mice were fed in the environment with (75±2)％ oxygen concentration for 5 days and then returned to normal air to establish OIR models,and other 60 matched mice were kept in normal air environment as the control group.At P8,P11,P12,P13,P14,and P17,both eyes of each mouse were enucleated to prepare the retinal sections.Retinal blood vessels were examined by hematoxylin and eosin stain under the light microscope.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of VEGFR1 mRNA and VEGFR2 mRNA and their proteins in mouse retinas,respectively.The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Many vascular endothelial cell nucleus broke through the internal limiting membrane were seen with disorganized cell proliferation under the internal limiting membrane and retinal neovascularization bud in the P13,P14 and P18 mice in the OIR group,but no similar manifestation was found in the mice of the normal control group.The relative expression values of VEGFR-1 mRNA in retinas were significantly higher only in P12,P13,P14 and P18 mice in the OIR group than those in the normal control group (P=0.046,0.000,0.000,0.042),but the expression values of VEGFR-2 mRNA were all increased in the retinas of P8,P11,P12,P13,P14 and P18 mice in the OIR group,showing significant differences in comparison with the normal control group (all at P=0.000).No considerable difference was found in the expression level of VEGFR-1 protein in P8,P11,P12,P13,P14 and P18 mice between the two groups (M=50.00,36.00,41.00,31.00,28.00,36.00,all at P＞ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGFR-2 protein in retinas of P8 and P11 were close between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).Gradually attenuated expressions were seen in VEGFR-2 protein in P12,P13 mice of the normal control group,however,the expressions were enhanced in the OIR group,with significant differences between the two groups (all at P＜0.01).Enhanced expressions of VEGFR-2 protein were found in P14 mice in both groups,but stronger expressions were in the OIR group (P＜0.01).The positive response of the expression of VEGFR-2 protein was weaker in P18 mice in the normal control group but peaked in the OIR group,showing significant difference between them (M=20.11,P＜0.01).Conclusions VEGFR participates in the neovascularization of OIR mouse,and the effect of VEGFR-2 is stronger than that of VEGFR-1 in the development of OIR neovascularization.

Objective To investigate whether the patients of stroke in basal ganglia have the selective deficit of recognition of disgust expression and to test the hypothesis that basal ganglia is involved in emotion processing, especially in disgust processing. Methods We developed six typical facial emotions (happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust and anger) and a neutral facial emotion. A labeling task with these emotional faces measured the ability to recognize emotional faces in 32 stroke patients in basal ganglia and in 30 normal controls.Results Compared with normal controls, patients of stroke in basal ganglia impaired in perception of facial emotion (correct identification scores, 106.73?7.62, P