Objective To assess the quality of literature on randomized or semirandomized clinical controlled trials of fire needling treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.Method Acomputer search assisted by a manual search was conducted of CBM (1979—2015), CNKI (1979—2015), VIP (1989—2015),Wanfang digital periodical group(1998—2015), PubMed (1966—2015), EMbase (1980—2015) and Cochrane Library (Issue4, 2015).Randomizedor semir and omized clinical controlled trials were included.Two reviewers extracted data independently and checked them each other.The methodological quality of research design, diagnostic and inclusion/exclusion criteria, intervening measures for fire needling/control group,efficacy evaluation criteriaand observation time points, and adverse reaction reporting were assessed according toCochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.8.Ameta-analysis was made of homogeneity studies.The GRADE approach ratedsystem outcomes.ResultA total of sevenr and omized controlled trialswere included.Four included studies made a comparison between fire needling andmedication (analgesic+ antirheumatic) groups andthere was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy rate [RR=1.22, 95%CI(0.97, 1.52)].GRADE ratingwas very low.Internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and general evaluation methodswere still not used universally.Conclusion The current clinical reports show that fire needling treatment has some effect on rheumatoid arthritis, but it still needs related evidence support.

Great progress has been made in tissue engineering cornea construction (i.c.constructing human corneal equivalence by using tissue engineering technique) during the past 20 years.However,a kind of tissue engineering cornea which can be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent is yet to be availablc.Scaffold is an indispensable part of tissue engineering cornea.Searching for some kinds of scaffolds with good biocompability,some extent of biodegradation and euough biomechanics property are the issue needing to be resolved immediately in the tissue engineering cornea filed.This article reviewed the development of tissue engineering cornea scaffolds,represented the merits and defects of different scaffolds in order to optimize the project of choosing scaffolds and furthermore lay the foundation for constructing a kind of tissue engineering cornea which may be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent in the future.

For medical insurance systems, medical expense examination is a key measure to keep medical expenses under control. In 1948, Japan established an examination authority of legal person status to operate the medical expense examination. Based on years of modifications and improvement in the organizational system and operation mechanism, the system is running smoothly by now. Authors of this paper made a detailed introduction to the specific operations of such a system, and to China's local features as well. On such basis, the study proposed to build in China a third-party medical expense examination institution as a legal entity, and practice the reexamination system and information disclosure system, in an effort to safeguard legitimate rights of insurance organizations and medical institutions.

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE)is defined as early hepatic encephalopathy without grossly evident neurologic abnormali-ties,but with cognitive deficits that can be revealed by psychometric testing.However,numerous studies have shown a lack of obvious clini-cal manifestations in MHE patients,and there is no international unified diagnostic gold standard for this disease.Affected patients′quality of life and ability to work are markedly impaired,and some even gradually progress to symptomatic hepatic encephalopathy.The treatment methods for MHE mainly include eliminating the precipitating factors for this disease and medication.This review presents the options for treatment of MHE and gives an objective evaluation of the efficacy of each treatment scheme.Currently,several treatment methods are used together,but no studies have demonstrated that combined use of treatment methods can improve the treatment outcome.

This paper studies the mental health methods of Confucian doctrine,Taoism,Buddhism school and Legalist school from its main characteristic,theory basis,basic request and specific implementation procedure,in order to carry forward Chinese traditional culture and inaugurate the psychic health education,consummating solicitude and psychological consultation.

The Medical Care Act of Japan has undergone five major revisions since it went into effect in 1947. Each revision has been designed to target and tackle main problems found in the medical and health sector in the country. These problems range from the making of regional healthcare plans to the establishment of the hospital with specific functions, from the division of rehabilitation beds to the establishment of nursing insurance scheme, from the birth of medical corporations to the establishment of social medical corporations, and from strengthening of non-profit nature of medical institutions to the construction of medical information system. These efforts were made to provide a safe and convenient health service for the Japanese people. These revisions are closely related to hospital management, and its experiences prove useful for the health reform in China.

The clinician training system in Japan is different from that in China as their medical students are allowed to take medical doctor examination immediately following their graduation.But they must undergo at least two years of training in basic clinical knowledge and skills prior to taking any clinical practice.This training system is inspirational for us as follows:China should include standardized training of residents into the law of medical practitioners,and medical graduates must take two years of knowledge training in full medicine before they are qualified for clinical practice.On top of this training,they need to undergo at least three years of specialized doctor training,making them competent clinicians with comprehensive knowledge coverage and outstanding skills in specific areas following such staged training.

BACKGROUND: To review progressions in the pharmacological study of natural plant Ficus carica L. (fig), summarize its main pharmacological effects so as to manifest values in clinical practice.DATA SOURCES: .By computer retrieval system, the relevant papers on the researches on Ficus carica were retrieved on Medline from January 1950 to September 2004 and limited at the referred word "Ficus carica" in English. Simultaneously, the relevant papers were searched by the computer on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from January 1999 to September 2004, focusing on the referred word "Fieus carica" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Of all the relevant papers, ones focusing on the pharmacological study of Ficus carica were selected and the whole text were checked, meanwhile those had no relation with the pharmacological latex as well as various constituents and preparations. Exclusion criterion:repeated studies.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 226 papers were checked on the study of Ficus carica, 30 papers were consistent with the standards. Among the 196 excluded papers, 189 were excluded because they were clinical experience report or repeated studies, 7 were reviews.DATA SYNTHESIS: Investigations of the fig, its leaves and latex as well as various constituents and preparations, have revealed many pharmacological effects such as: anti-tumor effects, the ability to mediate body metabolism, mediating hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and cholesterol levels, enhancing oxidation resistance, antibiotic effects, antivirus effects, the ability to mediate immunity, activating blood coagulation etc. It also may play an important role in supportive therapy in tumor treatment by reducing toxicity and side effects in actinotheraphy and chemotherapy. Several reports of anaphylaxis after fig intake have reported both in China and abroad.CONCLUSION: As an herb, fig has wide pharmacological effects and clinical practise values. The main pharmacological studies of it were focused on its anti-tumor effects and the ability to mediate body metabolism.Separation and purification of its active components and determining the interactions between them as well as the pharmacological and toxicological effects need further study. New pharmacological effect s will be found by studying various fig extracts.

Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a novel cancer suppressor cytokine. It can suppress cancer cell growth, induce cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, stimulate the PBMC secretion of cytokines, and enhance the antitumor activity of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeting gene-virotherapy. It is reasonable to suggest that IL-24 may be a powerful and effective protocol for combinatorial cancer treatment in the clinic.

Objective To investigate the role of imaging characteristics of cerebral infarction in different regions in predicting the progressive cerebral infarction (PCI). Methods Patients with cerebral infarction were selected in the De?partment of Neurology of Hefei third People’s Hospital from January 2010 to June 2014. Brain MRI were examined the location of cerebral infarction. Patients were then classified into four groups accordingly:cortical infarction, basal gangli?on infarction, coronaradiata infarction and posterior infarction. Patients were further divided into PCI group and non-PCI group according to their clinical manifestations. MRI imaging features and risk factors were analyzed and compared be?tween PCI group and non-PCI group. Results A total of 150 patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled, including 99 cases of non-PCI and 51 cases of PCI. According to the Brain imaging classification, there were 46 cases of cortical in?farction, 25 cases of coronaradiata infarction, 47 cases of basal ganglion infarction and 32 cases of posterior infarction. There were significant differences in subtype cerebral infarction between PCI group and non-PCI group(χ2=19.239,P=
0.001). The percent of cortical infarction were significantly higher in PCI group compared to the non-PCI group. Cortical infarction was correlated to PCI and the value of R and P was 0.170 and 0.026, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that Imaging of subtypes of cerebral infarction was correlative with PCI (P=0.002). The frequency of progression was sig?nificantly increased in cortical infarction than in other subtypes of cerebral infarction (P=0.002). The trend was still sig?nificant even after adjustment for age and blood glucose, (P=0.014). Conclusion The location of cerebral infarction is closely correlated to PCI in which cortical infarction is more likely to develop PCI.